Objective To evaluate the effects of nutritional education by "knowledge,attitude and behavior" on health improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with type 2 diabetes were selected with nutritional education intervention by "knowledge,attitude and behavior",and another 100 diabetic patients as control group with regular education for six months,to follow up their changes in awareness of diabetes-related nutritional knowledge and biochemical examinations. Results Ninety-eight patients in intervention group completed follow-up.Awareness of diabetes-related nutritional knowledge,intake of nutrients and indices of metabolism in intervention group were significantly different from those in control group,including serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)[(6.1 ?0.9)% vs.(7.7?2.3)%,t=6.421,P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of cytokines in brain pathologic changes caused by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods A rat model of LPS was established by injection with a dose of 5mg/kg LPS into thigh vein.60 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,LPS group,naloxone+LPS group,each group included 20 rats and was subdivided into 4 subgroups(1h,2h,4h,6h respectively).In each subgroup,cerebral pathological changes and concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 in brain homogenate were investigated.Results Brain homogenate concentration of TNF-α in subgroup LPS 2h was higher than control group[(9 30±0.57) ng/g vs(8.00±0 79)ng/g,P＜0.01],other subgroups have no significant difference from control group. Naloxone group had lower TNF-α level than LPS group.Brain homogenare concentration of IL-1β in subgroup LPS 1h increased apparently[(0.56±0.08)ng/g,P＜0.01],subgroup LPS 2h had no significant change;other subgroups have no significant difference from control group.Natoxone group had lower IL-1β level than LPS group(P＜0.01).but no difference from control group.Brain homogenate concentration of IL-6 in subgroup LPS 2h and 4h were respectively(459.68±79.15)ng/g,(816.07±111.31)ng/g,significantly higher than control group[(377.22±63.73)ng/g,(369.98±34.35)ng/g,respectively].Control group had no significant cerebral pathologic changes,while LPS group showed apparent changes:edema,interstitial substance and mening vessels expanding and hyperaemia,neurosome minification,Nissl's body lost,karyopycnosm,and nucleoli abolition.Naloxone group had lighter neurocyre injuries and brain edema,especially at 2h and 4h.Conclusions After LPS injection,the level of cytokines changed as time goes by,and this fits the brain pathologic changes.Naloxone has protecnve effect on brain tissue in LPS treated rats.Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the mechanism of cerebral damage in LPS rats.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the efficacy and safety of benazepril vs. captopril in the treatment of prima-ry hypertension and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,EM-Base,CJFD,VIP database and Wanfang database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of benazepril (experiment group)vs. captopril(control group)in the treatment of primary hypertension. After information collection and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.0 software. RESULTS:Totally 7 RCTs involving 405 patients were in-cluded. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the level of systolic blood pressure(SBP)[MD=-2.06,95%CI(-3.75,-0.38), P=0.02] and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)[MD=-3.10,95%CI(-5.19,-1.01),P=0.004] in experiment group was sig-nificantly lower than control group;however,there were no significant differences between the efficacy rate of antihypertension [OR=1.63,95%CI(0.69,3.83),P=0.26] and incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR)[OR=0.81,95%CI(0.46,1.41),P=0.45] in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Benazepril can more effectively lower the blood pressure of patients with primary hypertension than captopril. Due to the limitation of methodology quality,it remains to be further verified by high-quality and large-sample RCT.

Objective To observe the intimal changes of inferior caval vein(ICV) wall after combined thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy for acute thrombosis in rats.Methods The inferior caval venous thrombosis model was established in 105 rats and they were randomly diride into 3 treated groups:heparin(A) treatment group(n=35),urokinase(B) treatment group(n=35),and combination of urokinase and heparin(C) treatment group(n=35),and also eslablished a sham(D) group(n=30).The thrombosed caval veins were taken 1,4,7,14,and 28 d after thrombosis.Changes of thrombus structure and orgainization and intimal hyperplasia were observed by light microscope.The expression areas of collagen fiber were measured by histochemistry.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the damage of endothelial cells.Results The intimal hyperplasia in A group was the most severe.The expression area of collagen fiber in group C was less than that of A and B groups(P

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of Yunnan Baiyao on the inflammatory response and satellite cell regeneration after acute injury of skeletal muscle in rats. Methods Rat models of skeletal muscle injury (gastrocnemius,fast twich;soleus,slow twich) induced by treadmill were constructed 24 h after establishment of the models,the left sides of hind limbs in rats were treated with Yunnan Baiyao,and the right sides were treated with saline at the equal volume.4 rats were chosen 2,4,7,10,14 d after injury,respectively,and gastrocnemius and soleus of the treated sides (the left sides) and untreated sides (the right sides) from hind limbs of 4 rats were obtained,and stained with immunohistochemistry and HE. The quantity and morphological changes of inflammatory cells and satellite cells were observed under optical microscope. Results Compared with untreated sides,the number of inflammatory cells of fast twich after injury in the treated sides was decreased obviously at the 2nd,4th,7th day after injury(P

Objective To compare the clinical data of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and chronic hepatitis B so that to provide pathological evidence for management of chronic HBV carriers with different alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.MethodsLiver biopsies were performed in totally of 292 cases of chronic HBV infection.The subjects were divided into HBV carrier group (G0-G1 and S0-S1) and hepatitis group (G＞ 1 and/or S＞ 1) according to the pathological diagnosis. The relationships between different age subgroups, different ALT level subgroups and pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Meanwhile,other clinical,biochemical,and iconographic indexes which were possibly related to the pathology diagnosis were compared. The multivariate analysis was done by Logistic regression equation (withdrawal method, maximum likelihood method) to definite the independent influencing factors of pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carrier.ResultsAmong the 292 patients,140 (47.9％) were pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carries and 152 (52.1％)were chronic hepatitis B. There were statistical differences between ≤35 years group and 36-40 years,＞40 years group (x2 =3.936 and 8.534,respectively; P =0.047 and 0.003,respectively). There were statistical difference among patients with ALT＜0.5×upper limit normal (ULN),(0.5-1.0) ×ULN,(1.1-1.5) ×ULN,(1.6-2.0) ×ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =55.314,P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference between (1.1-1.5) × ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =3.810,P=0.051). Multivariate analysis indicated that course of disease,alcohol consumption,ALT,HBV DNA level and the surface of liver (smooth or not smooth)detected by ultrasonography were independent influencing factors of pathological diagnosis of chronic HBV carriers (OR =0.995,0.224,0.516,1.308 and 0.270,respectively; P=0.005,0.007,0.000,0.025 and 0.001,respectively).ConclusionLiver biopsy is much meaningful in patients with age ＞35 years old and ALT (1-2)× ULN.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathologic features of non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma (NHL) patients seen in our hospital in the recent ten years and to discuss the relationship between clinical data and the prognostic factors. Methods: The clinical and pathological features of 1,012 NHL cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The main pathological subtypes included 346 (34.1%) cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 185 (18.3%) cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), 97 (9.6%) cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 94 (9.3%) cases of extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 62 (6.1%) cases of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and 47 (4.6%) cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. There were 619 (61.2%) cases classified as nodal lymphoma and 393 (38.8%) cases classified as extranodal lymphoma. For the whole group, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 45.8%. The univariate analysis showed that the clinical stage, performance status (PS), B-symptom, age, tumor size, the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, the number of extranodal involvement and IPI were correlated with prognosis of NHL(P＜0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the source of T cells, Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stage, IPI (3～5) and increased LDH were correlated with poor prognosis (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of NHL in middle-aged people is relatively higher. Extranodal lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma are more frequent in Xinjiang. Immunophenotypes, clinical stages, IPI and the level of LDH expression are closely correlated with prognosis of NHL.

Objective To analyze the CRE and UREA result of university students,and establish the refer-ence interval for CRE,UREA adapted to this university.Methods Performing serum analysis of 2 926 freshmen for CRE,UREA with the automatic biochemical analyzer ( Olympus AU400 ) .Results Reference intervals were get among freshmen as CRE:74.00-109.00μmol/L (M),59.00-85.00 μmol/L (F),and it was different between male and female(Z =-27.27,P <0.01);UREA:2.70 -6.70mmol/L (male aged 16 -24 years),1.90 -5.70mmol/L (female aged 16-24 years),2.30-6.57mmol/L (male aged >24-45 years),1.94-5.11mmol/L ( female aged 25-45 years) .Conclusion The reference intervals disaggregated by sex and age are initially estab-lished.

Imaging of trace metal distribution in the cadmium ( Cd) hyperaccumulator Indian mustard by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA-ICP-MS ) was typically performed using spatial resolutions of 25 μm. Indian Mustard was submitted to 50 mol/L Cd for 14 days exposure and analysed using Nd:YAG laser (213 nm) . Intensities of 13 C, 34 S, 39 K, 44 Ca, 66 Zn, 111 Cd, 65 Cu and 31 P were measured by ICP-MS to study elemental distribution. Preferential Cd accumulation in vascular bundles was observed in stem tissue, whereas Cd was mainly localized to the mesophyll and vascular cells. The high relationship between Ca and Cd distribution indicated that the two elements had a very similar pathway. In vivo analytical method developed in this work was useful to study spatial element distribution across stem samples and had great potential for applications in other areas of plant pathology research.

Objective To explore the medication rules of state medical master Yan Zhenghua from the prescriptions. Methods After analyzed by the statistical report module and the data analysis module, the method of data-mining that including association rules and apriori algorithm was used to analyze the frequency of Poria and drug combination, the association rules between drugs and core drug combinations in Pro. Yan’s prescriptions via a database based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inheritance assist system. Results The prescriptions containing Poria were commonly used to treat vertigo, stomachache, diarrhea and other syndromes. The highest frequently used drugs were Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, and Caulis Polygoni Multiflori. The most frequently used drug combinations were “Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Poria”, “Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Poria”, and“Poria, Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae”. The drug association rules that the confidence coefficient was more than 0.9 were “Carina→Oyster”, “Poria, Carina→Oyster”,“Oyster, Caulis Polygoni Multiflori→Carina”, and“Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae→Poria”. Conclusion The drugs in the prescriptions containing Poria that built by Pro. Yan mostly had the effects of regulating the flow of qi, relieving uneasiness of body and mind, and cooling the blood, which reflected the clearly thought when Pro. Yan made the prescriptions.