Objective To explore the effect of different infusion speeds on prevention phlebitis caused by lavofloxacin hydrochloride. Methods One hundred and sixty patients treated with intravenous infusion of lavofloxacin hydrochloride were randomized by simple digital table into one observation group and three control groups with 40 in each group. The infusion velocities in the observation group and other three control groups were 61~70 gtt/min, 30~40 gtt/min, 41~50 gtt/min and 51 to 60 gtt/min, respectively. The incurrence rate of phlebitis was compared among the four groups. Results The incidence rate of phlebitis in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the respective control group (all P<0.05). There were no differences among the three control groups in terms of phlebitis rate. Conclusion Intravenous infusion of lavofloxacin hydrochloride at the infusion velocity of 61~70 gtt/min can reduce the incidence of phlebitis.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Qinggan Huayu Formula intervening rat's hepatic precancerous lesion. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model group(group A)、 moderate-dose Qinggan Huayu Formula group(group B)、high-dose Qinggan Huayu Formula(group C)、normal control group(group D),and to detect the expression of ?GT、Notch1、Delta、 NF-?B by enzyme-histochemisty and immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS: Compared with group D,the expressions of ?-GT、Notch1、Delta、 NF-?B in group A were singnificantly increased(P

Neuroendocrine cells comprise a minor subpopulation of the normal prostatic epithelium. When patients accept the androgen deprivation therapy, it will induce neuroendocrine differentiation of the prostate carcinoma cells. NE cells can provide endocrine/paracrine stimuli for proliferation of the surrounding carcinoma cells and inevitably make prostate cancer become androgen independent and no longer responsive to hormonal manipulation. In this paper, the mechanism of neuroendocrine differentiation and its relationship with androgen independent state were reviewed.

Objectiver　 To establish murine breast precancerous model and evaluate the effect of exogenous estrogen and tamoxifen.　 Method　 50 female Wistar rats were divided into contol group (n＝12), the other 38 received low dose carcinogen (DMBA) by gastrogavage, and then divided into DMBA group (common diet,n＝8); DMBA+DES group(DES added chow,n＝15); and DMBA+TAM group (TAM added chow,n＝15). 3 months later, the status of breast hyperplasia, AgNOR and DNA content were measured. 　Results　 All indexs in control group and DMBA+TAM group were normal.However,in DMBA group and DMBA+DES group,the breast hyperplasia rate was 75%, 93.3%, AgNOR was 3.71±0.76, 5.60±0.42, DNA was 88.59±7.17, 137.75±3.13 respectively.Compared with control group and DMBA+TAM group, the differences of indexes in DMBA and in DMBA+DES group were significant (P<0.01). 　Conclusion　 Low dosage DMBA administered by gastrogavage established breast precancerous model. Exogenous estrogen promotes the development of breast precancerous disease induced by DMBA, while TAM suppresses the canceration.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of 5-Fu in human serum.METHODS: Serum protein was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid .HPLC was used for determination of 5-Fu .The column was Shimpack CLC C18(150 × 6mm, 5μm)with YWG for protection.The mobile phase was 0.25% KH2PO4-acetonitrile(98: 2, pH7.0) .The flow rate was 1ml/min.The detection wavelength was 265nm.Two standard curves were made in the concentrations of 0.195～6.250μg/ ml and 6.25～200.00μg/ml, respectively.RESULTS: The calibration curves revealed linearity in the range of 0.195～200μg/ml.The with-in-day recoveries and RSDs of 5-Fu at 0.8, 4, 20 and 100μg/ ml concentration points were 104. 88%, 1.95%; 104.58%,1.38%; 101.40%, 0.39%and 99.14%, 0.37%, and the between-day recoveries and RSDs of 5-Fu were 105.12%, 2.02%;106.30 %, 0.78 %; 100.60 %, 0.65 % and 99.38 %, 0.92 % respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is rapid, accurate and suitable for pharmacokinetical study and conventional monitoring of 5-Fu.

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine arsenic,which was initially used in the treatment of blood system diseases.In recent years,studies have found that it also has a good effect on a variety of solid tumors,especially gastric cancer.It has been confirmed that As2O3 can inhibit proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells,induce apoptosis and protective autophagy,inhibite lymphatic formation and angiogenesis,affect the expression of telomere-related proteins in gastric cancer cells.

The paper reports a review on the current situation of the hierarchy and quality of the evidence related to both national and international evidence-based nursing research and practice.The limitations and barriers have been analyzed from both research methodology and data acquisition technique aspects.The available evidences provided by past studies are limited in post hoc indicators (e.g.hospital stay,fatigue,stress or sleep quality,etc.) and subjective methodologies (e.g.questionnaire,self-report or interview,etc.),that restrains the further development of evidence-based healthcare,in terms of its reliability,validity and application.The advantages/disadvantages and feasibility of new potential technologies,such as body sensors and smart phones,have also been discussed.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID)are a heterogeneous group of congenital and genetically determined conditions caused by one or more defects of innate and/or adaptive immunity,which are a common retarding factor of vaccines immunization.The infections,however,play a major role in the final prognosis of most PID.The immune response after the vaccine injection may be impaired in some PID cases,even no protection is evoked.Moreover,some disease caused by the live vaccine virus or bacteria strains could occur after immunization.The contents of this paper is to introduce the consensus of the vaccine immunization based on the category of PID,immunization of the contacts and other concerns.

Objective To analyse the role of haptoglobin in the immunomodulatory in patients with premature coronary heart disease.Methods Clinical data of 60 premature coronary heart disease patients and 40 healthy people was analysed.The general information and serume haptoglobin,hs-CRP and IL-6 were compared.Results There were no statistically difference between the two groups of the general information such as sex,years,BMI,hypertension and diabetes (P>0.05),excepts the smoking history(27/33 vs 9/31,χ2=3.324,P<0.05).Hp,hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the observer group were signifi-cantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (97.76±23.08 mg/L vs 65.81±19.42 mg/L,10.43±3.81 mg/L vs 3.05±0.94 mg/L,16.43±4.59 pg/L vs 4.62±1.83 pg/L,P<0.001).Correlation analysis showed that in the observer group Hp and hs-CRP showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.518,P<0.001),and the same results was found between IL-6 and Hp (r= 0.291,P=0.024).Conclusion Haptoglobin level was significantly in-creased in patients with coronary heart disease,which suggested that haptoglobin played a role in the development of coro-nary heart disease,and its level was correlated with IL-6.