Objective: To explore the compatibility and application methods of clinical formulas.Methods: In the guidance of monarch,minister,assistant and guide theory, the constructions of prescription were divided into principal agents and lesser agents;500 prescriptions were from 1000 set prescriptions and empirical formulas recorded in pharmacology of traditional Chinese medical formulae teaching material and well-chosen efficacy nostrum written by national lever famous veteran teran doctors of TCM.Then they were analyzed to study the constituting formats of(clinical) formulas and the derivation methods of set prescriptions in clinical application.Results: Through analysis,we found the constituting formats of formulas in terms of single taste single group having principal agents but lesser agents(12.3%),multitude groups having principal agents but lesser agents(13.7%),single taste or single group principal agents with one group lesser agents(14.4%),multitude groups principal agents with one group lesser agents(17.7%),single taste or single group principal agents with multitude groups lesser agents(18.3%) and multitude groups principal agents with multitude groups lesser agents(23.6%) et al.From the 500 randomly extracted prescriptions,among 68.4% prescriptions were present derivation relationship,that is,for adapting new pathogenesis conditions,through methods in terms of replacing principal agents(10.2%),mild recipe lowering to lesser agents(17.0%),two formulas to put together(14.3%),expanding principal agents(16.4%),changing lesser agents(18.7%),principal agents pero-replacing(10.2%) and others(13.2%),changed constituted relation of principal agents or lesser agents,so to generate several formulas possessing new effect characteristics.Conclusion: The(divide) of principal agents and lesser agents has a universal applicability in analyzing the constitutions of formulas;the clinical application and derivation methods of set prescriptions revealed by this method have guide effect to initial(experiencing) clinical worker.

It has been nearly 20 years from the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV)and clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C to antiviral therapy with interferon,and significant progress has been made.Substantial changes have taken place in both the concept and strategy for antiviral treatment of hepatitis C,with more and more direct-acting antiviral agents emerging in recent years;these changes are as follows:from the control of HCV to clinical cure,from a sustained virologic response (SVR)rate around 30%with conventional interferon therapy to an SVR rate of 70%-80% with standard therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin,and from evaluating the difficulty of treatment based on genotypes and viral load to determining the treatment strategy according to host IL28B genotypes and response patterns (rapid virologic re-sponse and complete early virologic response).The progress in antiviral therapy strategies for hepatitis C is systematically reviewed for re-understanding of refractory hepatitis C.

Different subtypes of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection occurred clinically because of the status of virus’s interaction with immune system. In patients with immune tolerance,high level of HBV DNA was found,serum hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)was positive,and serum level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was normal with only mild or no inflammation in liver tissue. However,not all the patients with normal ALT were in immune tolerance status,the disease could progress insidiously and develop into liver cirrhosis. Whether these patients need anti-viral therapy has always been a hotspot of study. This article reviewed the correlation between immune status and HBV infection,the identification of patients with normal ALT but not in immune tolerance status,and the indication of anti-viral therapy for these patients.

BACKGROUND:Clinical treatment of tibiofibular syndesmosis separation of unstable ankle fractures can be treated by surgical internal fixation method. The internal fixation process can choose different materials, in the past, most of the operations used metal pul ing nail, but there may be broken nails and other risks. OBJECTIVE:To explore the application effect of traditional metal pul ing nail and macromolecule absorbable screw fixation in tibiofibular syndesmosis separation of unstable ankle fracture. METHODS:The clinical data of 63 patients with tibiofibular syndesmosis separation of unstable ankle fractures who received surgical internal fixation treatment in Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from February 2013 to February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into metal pul ing nail group (n=32) and absorbable screw group (n=31) according to the use of different materials. The fracture end was reset by cutting from the outside of the lower section of the fibula. The steel plate was used for fixation. The traditional metal pul screws and macromolecule absorbable screw were used for fixation. During the 12 months of fol ow-up after internal fixation, the ankle function scores of two groups (Baird-Jackson), clinical effect and the incidence of adverse events were observed and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average ambulation time and hospital stay of patients after internal fixation in absorbable screw group were significantly less than those of metal pul ing nail group (P<0.05). The ankle joint function scores (Baird-Jackson) in these two groups were increased compared with those before surgery, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The excel ent and good rate of patients in absorbable screw group was significantly higher than that in the metal pul ing nail group (P<0.05). During 12 months of fol ow-up after internal fixation, one patient had screw breakage in metal pul ing nail group. There was no wound infection among patients in these two groups. These results confirm that the use of macromolecule absorbable screw fixation for the treatment of tibiofibular syndesmosis separation of unstable ankle fractures can obtain better application effect compared with the traditional metal pul ing nails.

Objective:To explore effects of Baoyuan Huoxue Granule on senile type 2 diabetes with Qi deficiency and blood stasis,and expression rates of membrane glucoprotein selectin P(CD62p)and fibrin receptor(PAC-1)in the granule of platelet.Methods:60 cases of senile type 2 diabetes with Qi-deficiency and blood stasis were randomly divided into two groups,a simple western medicine control group(n=30)and a test group(n=30)treated by routine western medicine and Baoyuan Huoxue Granule.The treatment was given 2 months.Their clinical therapeutic effects,and the expression rates of CD62p and PAC-1 before and after treatment were investigated.Results:In the test group,12 cases(40%)were markedly effective,15 cases(50%)effective,3 cases (10%)ineffective,with an effective rate of 90%;In the control group,3 cases(10%)were markedly effective,12(40%) effective,15(50%)ineffective.the effective rate being 50%,with significant difference between the two groups in total effective rate(P

Objective To compare the influence of early weight bearing exercise and plaster fixed method on postoperative function and fracture healing of unstable ankle fracture patients.Methods 50 cases of unstable ankle fracture patients who did surgical treatment in our hospital were selected as the research object,and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group.The observation group was applied with early postoperative weight bearing exercise,while the control group patients was applied with postoperative plaster fix with 2 weeks.The postoperative function and fracture healing situation of both groups were compared.Results At postoperative 24 hours and 1 week,the perimeter difference of two groups were not statistically different (P＞0.05).At postoperative 6 weeks,the perimeter difference was (0.53 ±0.31) cm in the observation group and (1.25±0.47)cm in the control group,the comparative differences was statistical significance (t=6.39,P＜0.05).The total effective rate of alleviate swelling in the observation group at postoperative 6 weeks was 96.0％,which was higher than that of the control group (76.0％) with statistical difference (x2=4.15,P＜0.05).At postoperative 24 hours,postoperative 1 week and postoperative 6 weeks,the pain index comparison difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The Baird-Jackson score of the observation group at postoperative 3 months was not different with the control group with statistically significant (P＞0.05) ; At the postoperative 6 months,the Baird-Jackson score of the observation group was (95.21 ± 8.25),which was higher than that in the control group (82.52±6.96) with statistical difference (t=5.88,P＜0.05).Conclusion The early weight bearing exercise can promote haemal circumfluence,relieve swelling,and be helpful for function recovery and fracture healing of unstable ankle fracture patients.

In this paper, a segmentation method, supervised FCM, is used to segment multi-spectrum MR imaging. The qualitative evaluation of human brain can be provided by the results for diagnostics. It can improve the results using FCM.

Mycotoxins,secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi,have become one of the most harmful factors that affect the clinical safety of medicinal herbs that probably can be contaminated by harmful toxins generated from fungi in the whole process from planting to clinical use. Therefore,more toxicological research of mycotoxins,a better knowledge of the pathogenesis and quick detection with sensitivity and accuracy will play an important role in targeted therapy of poisoning by mycotoxins and early warning . In this paper,the current status of mycotoxin contamination in medicinal herbs was ana?lyzed,and the progress of toxicological study on common contaminants was reviewed. In view of the high toxicity of toxins,the strategy of ″Prevention First″ is highly desirable. Hence,the development of rapid detection of typical mycotoxins was systematically discussed. The review was intended to provide ref?erence for ensuring clinical safe administration of medicinal herbs and for reducing the risk of mycotoxin poisoning.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome.Method 65 patients with Mirizzi syndrome were analysed retrospectively.Results According to Csendes typing, patients with Mirizzi syndrome included type Ⅰ in 18 patients(27 6%), type Ⅱ in 25 patients (38 4%), type Ⅲ in 13 patients(20 0%), type Ⅳin 9 patients(13 8%), all patients were healed by corresponding operation and perioperative management.Conclusions Good outcome of Mirizzi syndrome patients can be achieved by accurate diagnosis,exact operation and active perioperative management.

Objective To assess the ability of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) antibody and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) antibody to prevent postoperative abdominal adhesion formation in mice.Methods 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline group(n=15), anti-IL-1? group(n=15), anti-TNF? group(n=15),and anti-IL-1? combined with anti-TNF? group(n=15). After an identical peritoneal injury operation, mice were treated using intraperitoneally with either normal saline or corresponding antibody at the time of abdominal closure. The mice were killed 20 days after operation, the abdominal incisions and the development of intra-abdominal adhesions were observed. Adhesion scoring was based on an overall assessment of the extent,location, and type of adhesion.Results Anti-IL-1? combined with anti-TNF? group had significantly lower adhesion scores (0 84?0 19) than that in other groups(P