Objective To investigate the damages on pancreas after different fractionated irradiation in rats.Methods Eighy healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 20 rats in each group as conventional fractionated irradiation group with 2 Gy per fraction to a dose of 12 Gy,hypofractionated radiation group with one fraction of 12 Gy,middle-dose fractionated radiation group with 6 Gy per fraction to a dose of 12 Gy in the interval of 4 days and control group without radiation.Changes in weight,fasting blood glucose and amylase were measured and morphological changes were observed in different periods.Results In the experimental groups,the reduction was observed in fasting glucose at 4 d,reached a minimum of (3.1 ±0.1 ) mmol/L,(LSD-t =20.06 -28.74,P ＜0.001 ) and the increase of amylase was found after 4th and 7th day,reached a maximum of (84.5 ±6.4) U/L(Dunnett's-t=23.10 -46.10,P ＜ 0.001 ),both more obvious in hypofractionated radiation group than those of conventional fractionated radiation group and middle-dose fractionated radiation group ( LSD-t =8.72-9.71,Dunnett's-t =7.11,P ＜ 0.05 ),however the levels in conventional fractionated radiation group was nearly to middle-dose fractionated radiation group (P ＞ 0.05 ) and became normal at 14 d.Under light microscope,the necrosis of acinarcells was observed in hypofractionated radiation group at 4th d,interstitial fibrogenesis were found at 14 d,the fibrogenesis were found in pancreatic island at 21 d,and the hyperplasia of acinarcells was observed at 42 d.The same changes were found in conventional fractionated radiation group and middle-dose fractionated radiation group,which were gently and lately than those of hypofractionated radiation group.Conclusions Radiation injury is not more serious after middle-dose fractionated radiotherapy than that after conventional fractionated irradiation,when the proper fractional dose and intervals are chosen.

In this paper, we propose a new active contour algorithm, i. e. hierarchical contextual active contour (HCAC), and apply it to automatic liver segmentation from three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) images. HCAC is a learning-based method and can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, i.e. the training stage, given a set of abdominal 3D-CT training images and the corresponding manual liver labels, we tried to establish a mapping between automatic segmentations (in each round) and manual reference segmentations via context features, and obtained a series of self-correcting classifiers. At the second stage, i.e. the segmentation stage, we firstly used the basic active contour to segment the image and subsequently used the contextual active contour (CAC) iteratively, which combines the image information and the current shape model, to improve the segmentation result. The current shape model is produced by the corresponding self-correcting classifier (the input is the previous automatic segmentation result). The proposed method was evaluated on the datasets of MICCAI 2007 liver segmentation challenge. The experimental results showed that we would get more and more accurate segmentation results by the iterative steps and the satisfied results would be obtained after about six rounds of iterations.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Models, Theoretical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To develop a UV optical fiber in situ process monitoring method for the dissolution behavior of five cepha-lexin solid dosage forms and compare the drug dissolution behavior of different cephalexin preparations. Methods: The dissolution of five different cephalexin preparations was on-line monitored according to the dissolution method for cephalexin tablets in Chinese Phar-macopeia (2010 edition) combined with a six channel optical fiber chemical sensor in situ dissolution monitor. Results:The dissolu-tion curves could show the drug release characteristics of different cephalexin preparations, and the five different preparations exhibited various drug release features. Conclusion:An in-situ, real time, on-line and process analysis of dissolution can be obtained by optical fiber dissolution test system automatically. The release characteristics of different preparations can be presented through dissolution curves directly, which can provide reference for the overall assessment of drug internal quality and clinical medication.

To study ecology suitability rank dividing of the total alkaloid content of Coptis Rhizoma for selecting artificial planting base and high-quality industrial raw material in Chongqing province. Based on the investigation of PCB and DEM data of Chongqing province, the relationship between the total alkaloid content in Coptis Rhizoma and topographical conditions was analyzed by statistical analysis. The geographic information systems (GIS)-based assessment and landscape ecological principles were applied to assess eco logy suitability areas of Coptis Rhizoma in Chongqing. slope, aspect and altitude are main topographical factors that affect the content of the total alkaloid content in Coptis Rhizoma The total alkaloid content in Coptis Rhizoma is higher in the lower altitude, shady slope and bigger slope areas. The total alkaloid content is higher in the south areas of Chongqing province and lower in the northeast. Terrain conditions of the southern region of Chongqing are most suitable for The accumulated of total alkaloid Coptis Rhizoma content.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; metabolism ; China ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Geographic Information Systems ; Geography ; Plants, Medicinal ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To explore the effects of BCG and Poly I:C co-vaccination on the development of spleen T cell subsets of neonatal BALB/c mice. Methods Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with BCG and/or Poly I:C intraperitoneally within 2-3 d after birth. Four weeks later, spleen cells of mice were isolated and the percentage of CD3+ CD8+ IFN-γ+,CD3+ CD8-IFN-γ+,CD3+ CD8+ IL-4+,CD3+ CD8- IL-4+,CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells,which represent Tc1,TH1,Tc2,TH2,Treg cells,respectively,were tested by flow cytometry at single cell level,and the ratios of TH 1/TH 2 and Tc1/Tc2 were calculated. Results The percentages of TH1 and Tc1 cells of BCG-vaccinated mice,Poly I:C-vaccinated mice and BCG plus Poly I:C-vaccinated mice were significantly higher than that of control mice(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and there was no difference among the three vaccinated group. The ratios of TH1/TH2 and total IFN-γ/IL-4 of the three vaccinated groups were higher than that of control group,but not the ratio of Tc1/Tc2. The TH1/TH2 ratio of BCG plus Poly I:C-vaccinated group was higher than that of BCG-vaccinated group(P＜0.05).The percentages of Trge cells showed no difference among the four groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion BCG and Poly I:C co-vaccination can significantly increase the number of Tc1 and TH 1 cells and TH 1/TH2 ratio in spleen cells. BCG and Poly I:C vaccination may have a synergistic effect on TH 1/TH2 ratio of spleen cells in neonataI mice. The percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells among four groups showed no significant difference.

Objective This research is to observe the treatment effects of hip bath and oxygen blowing on severe neonatal diaper rash.Methods 289 neonates with severe diaper rash were randomly divided into three groups.91 cases in the flat tube group,102 cases in the round tube group and 96 cases in the control group.Three groups of neonates were cleaned on the hips and perineuma after poops and then dried with wet tissues and Mupirocin Ointment.The control group was treated with the above-mentioned method.The oxygen blowing groups were treated with hip bath of 1:5000 chameleon solution twice a day.Blowing the hips with oxygen five minutes every time after hip bath.The method of blowing oxygen was that oxygen humidifying containers as normal oxygen aspiration facilities was not filled with water,whose oxygen flowing volume standed at 10 L/min and whose tube blew at the afflicted parts until being dry.The oxygen blower held the oxygen exit and blowed at the afflicted parts in the round tube group and the oxygen blower flattened the oxygen exit and blew at the afflicted parts in the fiat tube group.The treatment effects will be compared among the three groups four days later.Results The cure period of the round tube group was obviously shorter than that of the control group,and the cure period of the fiat tube group was remarkably shorter than that of the round tube group.The total effective rate in the round tube group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the total effective rate in the fiat tube group was obviously higher than that in the round tube group.The difference had a statistical significance.Conclusions The treatment effects for the severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing are remarkable and the oxygen blowing effects with fiat tubes are better than those with round tubes.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of methotrexate(MTX) plus low dose glucocorticoid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from thetarget control point of view.Methods Patients diagnosed as RA according to American College of Rheumatology(ACR)/European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2010 classification criteria were enrolled.All of the patients were prescribed with 15 mg/week MTX,5 mg/week folic acid and prednisone (not exceeding 10 mg/day) orally.At week 0,4,12,disease activity and clinical efficacy were recorded.Co-primary assessment criterion was disease activityscore (DAS28)-based on C-reactive protein (CRP).Secondary assessment criteria included EULAR response criteria,ACR response criteria,simplified disease activity index(SDAI),clinical disease activity index(CDAI).The tolerability and toxicity of MTX was recorded at week 4,12.All patients were evaluated for the occurrence of adverse drug reactions associated with prednisone at week 12.Results A total of 76 patients were enrolled in the study.At week 4 and 12,68 and 65 patients completed regular follow-up respectively.At week 12,there were 30(46.2％),9(13.8％),26(40.0％) patients who met DAS28-CRP remission,low disease activity,middle and high disease activity criterion respectively.Three of nine patients who grouped in low disease activity after therapy were early or intermediate patients and didn't reach the target.Thus 36 (55.4％) patients met the standard of target control.The percentage of patients who met the criteria of EULAR good response,the ACR criteria for 20％ improvement (ACR20),the ACR criteria for 50％ improvement (ACR50),the ACR criteria for 70％ improvement (ACR70) were 29.2％,75.4％,69.2％,64.6％,respectively.The proportion of patients meeting the standard of treat to target using SDAI and CDAI were 76.9％,58.5％ respectively.The rate of liver injury,abdominal pain,abdominal distention and acid reflux,nausea were 11.8％,4.4％,4.4％,2.9％ respectively at week 4.At week 12,4.6％ of patients reported abdominal distention.There was only one patient (1.5％) each who complained of abdominal pain,nausea,loss of hair,varicella zoster virus infection and pulmonary infection at week 12.No serious adverse event was observed during the study.Conclusions Based on the view of target control,drug efficacy and safety,MTX plus low dose prednisone is still a useful therapeutic regimen for RA at present.

BACKGROUND: Increased expression of survivin in various tumor tissues can regulate cell proliferation, division, and plays an important role in protecting cells from apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To construct the specific micro RNA (miRNA) expression vector that can block the C_(57)BL mice survivin gene by RNA interference (RNAi) technique.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The single sample observation was performed at the experimental center of Department of Neurology, The First Afliliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June to November 2008.MATERIALS: Ring-shaped pcDNA~(TM)6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR and BLOCK-iT~(TM) Pol II miR RNA interfered Expression Vector Kit with EmGFP was produced by Invitrogen Company. DH5a E. coli was preserved at the laboratory. Xho I and BamH I enzyme, spectinomycin were provided by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co., Ltd.METHODS: According to sequence of mRNA of C_(57)BL mice survivin provided by Genebank, four pairs of specific oligonucleotide sequences were designed and synthesized by using the software. The annealed oligonucleotide fragment was sub-cloned into pcDNA~(TM)6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR expression vector by gene clone technique and transformed into DH5a E. coli, subsequently, a single colony was incubated into liquid medium containing spectionmycin. Finally the plasmid was extracted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The recombinant vector was identified by sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis.RESULTS: The sequencing revealed that insertion element was correctly cloned into the vector without nucleotide mutation, absence or insertion abnormality. The result of double enzyme digestion demonstrated that the fragment length was coincidence with expectation.CONCLUSION: The C_(57)BL mice survivin miRNA expression vector is successfully constructed.

Objective To investigate short-term clinical effect of anterolateral minimally invasive approach of total hip replacement.Methods A total of 35 patients treated by total hip replacement was divided into A and B groups.Group A used anterolateral minimally invasive approach,and group B used standard posterior Moore approach.The clinical data of operation time,amount of bleeding,blood transfusion volume,component position,Harris hip score,and complications of two groups were statistically compared.Results In terms of operation time,group A had certain disadvantages than group B.No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of operation time,annount of bleeding,blood transfusion volume,component position,Harris hip score,and complications.Conclusions In total hip replacement,anterolateral minimally invasive approach was safe and effective compared to standard posterior Moore approach.Doctors should choose their familiar surgical approach in operation.

Objective Recent researches find that endoplasmic reticulum is a new target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and its stress response plays an important role in the hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodeling.The study built up the apoptosis model of endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) and investigated the im-pact of 17β-estradiol ( E2) on the ERS apoptosis of HUVECs induced by tunicamycinand(TM)/dithiothreitol(DTT). Methods HUVECs incubated for 10 h in 10μmol/L TM or 8 h in 2 mmol/L DTT were the best concentration and time for ERS apoptosis.E2 of 10-8 mol/L was prominent in protecting ERS.According to the application of TM/DTT, E2, estrogen antagonists (ICI182, 780 and G15), there were 6 groups:control group, TM/DTT group, TM/DTT+E2 group, TM/DTT+E2 +G15 group, TM/DTT+E2 +ICI+G15 group.Western blot was applied to detect the expressions of biomarkers for ERS in-duced apoptosis (GRP78, cleaved caspase-12 and CHOP).Hochest staining was used to observe the changes of the apoptosis cell number. Results Compared with control group, the expressions of GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP significantly increased(P<0.05).In comparison with TM group, the expressions of GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP in TM+E2 group significantly decreased (6.80 ±1.07 vs 4.01 ±0.46, 1.54 ±0.32 vs 0.88 ±0.10, 1.91 ±0.37 vs 0.91 ± 0.02, P<0.05).In comparison with TM +E2 group, the CHOP expression in TM +E2 +ICI group increased(0.91 ±0.02 vs 0.96 ±0.02, P<0.05), and the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 in TM+E2 +G15 group increased(4.01 ±0.46 vs 5.25 ± 0.80, 0.88 ±0.10 vs 1.02 ±0.07, P<0.05), and the expressions of GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP in TM+E2 +ICI+G15 group increased (P<0.05).Compared with DTT group, the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in DTT+E2 group decreased (1.81 ± 0.08 vs 1.30 ±0.14, 1.00 ±0.13 vs 0.51 ±0.01, P<0.05).In comparison with DTT+E2 group, the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in DTT+E2 +ICI group decreased(P <0.05), and the expression of GPR78 in DTT+E2 +G15 group increased(P<0.05), and the expressions of GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP in DTT+E2 +ICI+G15 group increased(P<0.05).The change of the apop-tosis cell number observed by hochest staining was in consistence with the result of western blot. Conclusion E2 can protect human endothelial cells from ERS induced apoptosis caused by TM and DTT.Estrogen maintains homeostasis by regulating ERS estrogen re-ceptors, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system.