The paper focuses on precision medical initiatives of China,the United States and Britain.It outlines their main aims and tasks,and compares the implementation,data management and sharing of initiatives.Some enlightenment is summarized to provide references for China to carry out national key research,and development program of precision medical research.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of self-prescribed Anshen pills in the treatment of female patients with menopausal syndrome . Methods From August 2012 to September 2014, 100 female patients with menopausal syndrome in Tianjin Beichen District Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases).The control group received tibolone orally, and the observation group received self-prescribed Anshen pills orally.All treated for 3 months.Modified Kupperman score, self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS) score, self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score, menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) score, the main clinical symptoms and hormone levels in serum were compared; the adverse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with control group post-treatment, hot flashes and perspiration, insominia improved greatly in observation group.The serum levels of luteinizing hormone ( LH ) in observation group was (28.04 ±3.37)IU/L, which was higher than (24.48 ±6.63)IU/L in control group.PSQI score in observation group was (6.57 ±1.23), which was lower than (8.18 ±1.70) in control group.The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was 4.0%, which was lower than 18.0% in control group, and there were significant differences between two groups ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Self-prescribed Anshen pills is effective and safe for menopausal syndrome.

Objective To study the correlation between the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM 1) and leukocyte infiltration, and explore the effects of mild hypothermia.Methods ICAM 1 positive expression and leukocyte infiltration in the ischemic regions were determined using immunohistochemitry and histological HE staining techniques at different reperfusion time(2 h,8 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 3h in rats, and mild hypothermia was given after MCAO followed by 24h reperfusion.Results (1)The expression of ICAM 1 raised obviously 2h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and peaked at 24h ( P

Proteins from dried roots of three medicinal Panax species (P. Quinquefolius, P. ginseng and P. nologinseng) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. The protein fin- gerprints of Panax species were confirmed. From 28KD to 58KD and 55KD are in common. Very specific fingerprints of P. quinquefolius are found below 28KD. The fingerprints above 58KD seemed to be peculiar to P. ginsing. Hence the Western-blot approach can be used as a means to authenticate the concerned Panax species, especially for identification of P. quinquefolius.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of magnesium sulfate and salbuta-mol sulfate in the treatment of acute attack of severe bronchial asthma in children. METHODS:85 children with acute attack of se-vere bronchial asthma were divided into control group(45 cases)and intervention group(40 cases)in accordance to even and odd number of hospitalization time. Based on routine treatment of glucocorticoid intravenous injection,oxygen uptake,sedation and nu-tritional support,control group was given aerosol inhalation of salbutamol sulfate,0.6 ml each time,once every 20 min,for 1 h;intervention group was additionally given aerosol inhalation of magnesium sulfate,0.6 ml each time,once every 20 min,for 1 h, on the basis of control group. Therapeutic efficacy,improvement time of shortness of physical examination indexes (breath, wheeze,coughing),lung function indicators and ADR were observed in 2 groups,and discharge time was recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:The total effective rate of clinical efficacy of intervention group was 95.00%after 1 h treatment,which was significant-ly higher than 77.78% in control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05);the time of shortness of breath improvement, wheeze improvement,coughing improvement and discharge in intervention group were significantly shorter than in control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05);PEF and FEV1 of intervention group were improved significantly compared to control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Both groups suffered from slight ADR,there was no statistical significance in the in-cidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of conventional treatment,the aerosol inhalation of magnesium sulfate and salbutamol sulfate shows good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute attack of severe bronchi-al asthma in children.

Objective: Identification of the genes specially expressed in tumor cell but not in normal cell is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of carcinogencsis. This study will focus on identification of differentially expressed gene fragments in human stomach cancer. Methods: By using the new developing mRNA differential display (DD) technique, genes fragments differentially expressed in stomach cancer tissues from a patient and the adjacent normal tissues beyond the tumor mass were studied. Results: Two differentially displayed complementary DNA fragments from stomach cancer tissues, scgl and scg2 (stomach cancer-associated gene, scg), cofirmed by Northern Blot, were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide length of scgl is 194 base pairs and that of scg2 is 343 base pairs. After searching against GenBank databases by BLASTN, neither scgl nor scg2 had significant homological gene sequences with the known genes. Conclusion: These results suggested scgl and scg2 might be complementary DNA fragments of novel genes expressed in stomach cancer tissues, but not in normal tissues and may play a role in the occurrence and development of stomach cancer. Further characterization of full-length of these two complementary DNA fragments will be continued.

Blood transfusion therapy is one of the commonly used intervention in newborn infants.Red blood cell transfusion is the only treatment for most cases of neonatal anemia,but the indications of application and implementation strategy are not yet perfect,and the benefits,adverse outcomes and potential risk of transfusion remains to be evaluated.There are many uncertain problems in transfusion management.This paper mainly introduces the evidence-based recommendations of neonatal blood transfusion released by Italian Society of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology and Italian Society of Neonatology Working Group for reference of domestic clinicians.

Objective:To explore the curative effect and safety of febuxosta for the patients with primary gout complicated with mild to moderate renal insufficiency.Methods:60 male patients with primary gout complicated with mild to moderate renal insufficiency were enrolled in the affiliated Hospital of integrated traditional Chinese and Westem Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to August 2016 and randomly divided into two groups,the control group (n=30) was treated by allopurinol,and the study group (n=30) was treated by febuxosta treatment.The blood uric acid (BUA) and hepatorenal function were compared in the treatment period,and the incidence of adverse reactions and the recurrence of gout in post-treatment were compared.Results:At 1,2 and 3 month after treatment,the serum level of BUN in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The renal function of all patients were significantly improved compared with pre-treatment (P＜0.05),but the no significant difference was found between two groups at the same time(P＞0.05).The control group showed the adverse reactions with limb discomfort,drowsiness,nausea,abdominal distension,diarrhea and itch of skin,and the study group showed limb discomfort,drowsiness and abdominal distension,and one patients presenting allergic skin rash and discontinuation of allopurinol.The total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Febuxosta could effectively and safely decrease the blood uric acid levels and improve the renal function of patients with primary gout complicated with mild to moderate renal insufficiency.

Objective To research the mechanism or pathway through which Substance P(SP) inhibits r-aminobutyric acid(GABA) activated currents in bullfrog dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons.Method The experiment was conducted on freshly isolated bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results SP could caused a slow inward current when SP was applied to DRG neurons;SP could inhibits GABA-activated currents;The inhibition could be reduced largely when protein kinase C(PKC) inhibiter,1-(5-isoquinolinesulphorry)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7), was dialyzed in cell body.Conclusion The SP ton inhibit GABA-activated currents through protein kinase C.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the application of immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening in a gastroenterology clinic. MethodsTotal 512 outpatients received immunochemical fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy for screening of colorectal cancer from January 2009 to October 2010 in Gastroenterology Clinic of Peking Union Hospital.The application of occult blood test was retrospectively evaluated using colonoscopy and pathological examination as the gold standard. Results Among 512 patients,203 were found positive for immunochemical fecal occult blood. According to the colonoscopy and histological study,115 patients had polyps,9 with high-grade dysplasia and 21 with colorectal cancer.The sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of fecal occult blood to detect colorectal adenomatous polyps was 42.8％,60.9％,1.09 and 0.93,respectively.And those for detection of colorectal cancer and high-grade dysplasia were 76.6％,62.5％,2.05 and 0.37,respectively.ConclusionsImmunochemical fecal occult blood test was useful in the screening for colorectal tumors among gastroenterology clinic patients.More large-scale prospective studies are needed to establish a screening model for colorectal tumors.