OBJECTIVE: To provide meaningful reference for the improvement of full-time clinical pharmacists' ability.METHODS: According to clinical practices,the experience of author engaging in clinical pharmacy was introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists should take a correct attitude and practice their profession as best as they could,based on the professional orientation.Scientific research should be linked with problem settlement to promote the growth of clinical pharmacists.

Objective To investigate the value of adenosine stress myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) in evaluating the myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery stenosis in different degrees. Methods The 384 myocardial segments governed by the corresponding coronary arteries with different degrees of stenosis in 24 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were divided into group A (normal),B (50%～75%) ,C (76%～89%) and D (≥90%). Parametric quantification(PQ) was applied at rest and adenosine stress MCE to analyze myocardial perfusion by parameters (A,β and A×β). Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed according to the rangeability of the parameters and the cutoff points, sensibility and specificity were obtained. Results At rest, A,β and A ×β in group A,B,C and D decreased by degrees,while there were no significant differences between group A and B. At adenosine stress, the parameter rangeability increased in group A and B, while decreased in group C and D. The ROC curve analyses of parameter rangeability showed that the area under the curve of the rangeability of parameter A ×β was the largest when the rangeability was applied to diagnose stenosis of coronary artery,and the sensibility and specificity were 81.3% and 94. 9% for group B,82.6% and 84.5% for group C,71.9 % and 86. 3 % for group D. Conclusions Adenosine stress MCE can be applied to diagnose the various degrees of stenosis of coronary artery.

Objective To study the changes of left ventricular(LV) function before and after rAAV2-GFP targeted to myocardium by the ultrasound mediated microbubbles. Methods Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups. Ten rats underwent ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction without rAAV2-GFP as control. Another ten rats underwent ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction containing rAAV2-GFP as experimental group. The mean value of LV rotation of rats was obtained in apical and base plane using speckle tracking imaging(STI) software. LV torsion(LVtor) was defined as apical rotation relative to the base. LV function including circumferential strain,circumferential strain rate of systolic and early diastolic and late diastolic, torsion, time to peak, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume of LV,heart rate and so on were also measured before and after 14 days. Other rats were killed after 14 days and hearts were harvested. GFP protein expression which showed rAAV2 transfer was observed under fluorescence microscope in frozen section. Results There was no significant difference of LV function of rats before and after rAAV2-GFP myocardium transfection by the ultrasound mediated microhubbles. Conclusions LV myocardial function has no significant difference before and after delivering rAAV2 to the heart in vivo by ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction.

This paper introduces the current status of Chinese medical device testing and inspection institutes. There are 53 such institutions, including 10 national institutions. Medical device testing and inspection institutions service in government regulation and supervision of medical devices, playing a technique support role for medical devices from registration before appear on market to monitor and supervision after listing. Meanwhile, they are important practitioners of medical devices standardization work. Finally, put forward the current problems and countermeasures of the inspection institutes in order to facilitate the sustainable development of our national medical equipment.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Health Systems Agencies ; Reference Standards

Objective To compare the condition of illness and pathological characteristics of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)in C57 BL/6 mouse models induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55)at different doses,and provide a reliable animal model for further study of multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods Male SPF-grade C57 BL/6 mice were divided randomly into four groups:normal group and three EAE model groups (MOG35-55 high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose model groups).200,100,50μg MOG35-55/mice were mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA),respectively,to prepare complete antigen in different concentrations.The mice were anesthetized and injected s.c.over flanks with the complete antigen and injected i.P.with pertussis toxin to establish immunization-induced C57BL/6 mouse-model of EAE.The mice of the normal group were injected with normal saline instead.Since the day of immunization,the incidence,body weight and neurological score of the mice were observed.The mice of different neurological scores in different periods were anesthetized and perfused with saline and followed by 4% paraformaldehyde.The brain and spinal cord of the mice were removed and fixed in the same fixative solution.The brains and spinal cords of the mice were examined by histopathology with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The mice on the 40th day were sacrificed and perfused with 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde, 1 mm~3 pieces of cerebral white matter and intumescentia lumbalis of the spinal cord were taken and ultrathin sections were prepared according to conventional techniques for electron microscopy. Results All the MOG_(35-55) in three different doses induced mouse models of EAE. The disease was with an incidence rate of 100% and a chronic monophasic course. The body weight of the mice in the three groups decreased obviously compared with those in the normal group. The maximum value of neurological score was 1.33,2.25 and 2.50 in the mice of high-, middle-and low-dose groups, respectively. The major histopathological changes observed in the brain and spinal cord of the EAE mice were different degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration around small vessels showing sleeve-like changes, dcmyelination and neuronal karyopyknosis in the acute and remission stages. The main site of the brain inflammation was in white matter around encephalocoele, and also in the DG and CA zones of hippocampus. The spinal cord inflammation was most severe in the lumbosacral region. The above mentioned pathological changes in the low-dose group were more prominent than those in the middle-dose and high-dose groups. The major ultrastructural changes were scattered around encephalocoele, interstitial edema, especially around small blood vessels, and swollen mitochondria with damaged cristae, and some karyopyknosis in vascular endothelial cells. Some tight junctions were blurred. Some dispersed lymphocytes and mononuclear cells were seen in the perivascular space. In lumbar intumescentia of the spinal cord, there were some myelin figures in the white matter myelin sheath. Some of them showed demyelization and structurtal fusion. The cytoplasmic organelles of axons were considerably reduced or even disappeared. The vascular basement membrane showed an increased thickness and focal necrosis in some areas. Conclusion The mouse models of immune-induced EAE are successfully established with MOG_(35-55), especially that induced with MOG in a dose of 50 μg. This mouse model is stable, with a high incidence and low mortality rate, and can be applied for EAE research in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of different dietary pattern and soybean oligosac-charides supplementation on the amount and proportion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Method: Twelve healthy students aged 20 to 25 years old were selected in the medical college. The study included 3 periods. In every period the students accepted different dietary patterns in 1st week [1. low animal food diet (LAFD),2. balanced food diet (BD), 3. high animal food diet (HAFD)]. Soybean oligosaccharides (5g/d) were added to different diets in 2nd week. The diet in 1st week was recovered in 3rd week. The study lasted for 9 w. Feces were collected once a week and SCFA was measured by capillary gas chromatography. Results: The total SCFA in feces were increased after taking LAFD, more prominent in acetic acid and butyric acid (P

Objective To explore the correlation between 18F-FLT SUVmax and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in NSCLC patients.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,68 patients (48males and 20 females; age ranging from 36 to 84 years) with NSCLC underwent 18F-FLT PET/CT followed by surgery within two weeks.Tumor proliferation was evaluated in terms of Ki67 labeling index (LI) with SP.MVD was determined using anti-CD31 mAb (CD31-MVD),anti-CD34 mAb (CD34-MVD) and anti-CD105 mAb (CD105-MVD) for each resected tumor.Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze data.Results The mean values of CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD and CD105-MVD were 159.6,166.1,and 38.0 per view field,respectively.Tumor SUVmax was 4.1±2.9,and Ki67 LI was (37.0± 14.5) ％,both of which had significantly correlations with CD105-MVD (r=0.550,0.633 ; both P＜0.05),but there was no significant relationship between SUVmax and CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD (r=0.228,0.235; both P＞0.05).Conclusion 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging has a positive relationship with CD105-MVD of NSCLC,and it could reflect the ability of tumor angiogenesis.

Objective:To study the influence of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)on craniomaxillofacial development of C57 mice. Methods:Pregnant C57BL mice were divided into 4 groups(n =5)at gestation day (GD)1 0.Mice in three atRA-induction groups were given atRA of 60,80 and 1 00 mg/kg,respectively.The mice in control group were given the equivalent volume of corn oil.All pregnant mice were sacrificed at GD1 9 and the embryos were collected.Stereo microscope was used to observe the craniomaxillofacial morphology.Standardized radiographs were taken and cephalometric analysis was performed.Results:The embryonic body length and body mass of control group surpassed those of 80 and 1 00 mg/kg atRA groups(P <0.05,P <0.01 ).atRA induced craniomaxillofacial malformations and maldevelopment.The mice induced by atRA exhibited a shorter mandibular body and more retrusive position of max-illary and mandibular(∠NAK and ∠NBD)when compared with their norm(P <0.01 ).Significant decrease in craniofacial length (Op-Rh)was observed in all atRA-induced groups(P <0.01 ).Decreases in cranial vault height(Fp-Os)and cranial vault length(Pa-Na)dimensions were observed in 80 and 1 00 mg/kg atRA groups(P <0.05,P <0.01 ).Conclusion:Exogenous atRA dose-depend-ently induces retardation of craniomaxillofacial morphology in embryo of C57BL mice by inhibition of the sagital and vertical dimension development of the bone.

Objective:To prepare urokinase targeted thrombus microbubbles combined with low frequency ultrasound to dissolve thrombus in rabbit femoral artery, and to explore the mechanism of thrombolysis through the change of urokinase concentration.Methods:Twenty-four rabbits with thrombosed femoral artery were randomly divided into four treatment groups: urokinase alone (UK) group, ultrasound with non-targeted microbubble and urokinase (US+ M+ UK) group, platelet-targeted microbubble with urokinase (R+ UK) group, ultrasound with platelet-targeted microbubble and urokinase (US+ R+ UK) group. Thrombus-targeted microbubbles were injected through the ear vein and irradiated by ultrasound for 30 minutes, and the pulsed Doppler blood flow meter was used to continuously monitor the blood flow at 0 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after injection. At the same time, the changes in urokinase concentration were monitored, and the characteristics of blood flow and urokinase concentration changes were analyzed.Results:UK and US+ M+ UK groups failed to show recanalization at 120 minutes after treatment.In contrast, the US+ R+ UK and R+ UK groups both achieved persistent recanalization( P<0.001). Compared with the basal state. Both the R+ UK group and R+ UK+ US group showed a decrease at 60 minutes, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the thrombolysis process of low-frequency ultrasound combined with a targeted contrast agent carrying urokinase, the targeting can make the local urokinase concentration of thrombus reach the highest level. At the same time, ultrasound and targeted microbubbles promote urokinase to enter the thrombus, and finally achieve the strongest thrombolytic effect.