High mobility group A1 belongs to the family of high mobility group. It is widespread in human,and involved in the physiological and pathological situations. It is overexpressed in many human cancers including haematological malignancies as the oncogene.

Objective To evaluate the expression of cytoplasmic CD_ 79a(CyCD_ 79a)on different acute leukemia(AL)cells and to explore its significance.Methods CyCD_ 79aexpression on the leukemic cells from 221 acute leukemia patients diagnosed from January 2003 to April 2004 was retrospectively analyzed by three-color cytometry with CD_ 45/SSC gating strategy.Results CyCD_ 79awas positive in 100%(57/57)of B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)cases,which was higher than that of other B cell-associated antigens(CD_ 10,CD_ 19,CD_ 20and cytoplasmic CD_ 22)in B-ALL.Only 0.7%(1/134)of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cases and 13.3%(2/15)of T cell-acute leukemia(T-ALL)cases expressed CyCD_ 79a,respectively.Conclusion CyCD_ 79ais sensitive and specific for B-ALL.CyCD_ 79amay be used as a reliable immunophenotyping marker for the diagnosis of B-ALL and be used to distinguish B-ALL from T-ALL and AML.

Objective To investigate the distribution of genetic polymorphisms of human glutathione-S-transferase P1 and M1(GSTP1 and GSTM1) in Hakka population of Meizhou area in South China. Methods Co-amplifying GSTM1 and ?-Globin gene to detect the absence or presence of the GSTM1 gene, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used to identify the genotypes of GSTP1 gene,and the data were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Results The GSTP1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms were examined in 512 samples. The frequency of null genotype of GSTM1 gene was 62.1%, while the frequency of GSTP1 A/A, GSTP1 A/G and GSTP1 G/G were 69.1%, 28.2% and 2.7% respectively, and the GSTP1 genetic polymorphism distribution was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium rule. A significant difference was observed in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. The drinkers had higher frequency of absence GSTM1 gene. There was also a significant difference in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms between smoking group and non-smoking group. Compared with non-smokers, the smokers had a higher frequency of mutate genotype of GSTP1 gene and lower frequency of wild genotype. However there were no differences shown on the frequency of the GSTP1 genotypes in the aspect of cumulative tobacco consumption. Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was a weak association between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension. Conclusion There are significant differences in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms among different smoking status and in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. A weak association has been observed between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension.

Objective.To probe into the influence of Jiannao Anshen Capsule of Miao medicine on the behavioral performance,content of cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1),neuroendocrine hormone melatonin (MT) and monoamine neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of rats with sleep deprival.Methods All of the 60 rats were evenly and randomly divided into 5 groups:the normal control group,model control group,estazolam group,Zaoren Anshen group,and Jiannao Anshen of Miao medicine group,respectively.Every group had 12 rats.Sleep deprivation rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenyla lanice (PCPA).After successful modeling,the rats were intragastrically administrated with corresponding medicines.The contents of serum 5-HT,IL-1 and MT and the contents of 5-HT,MT in brain tissue were determined.Results Behavioral score,the contents of 5-HT,MT and IL-1 in serum and the contents of 5-HT,MT in brain tissue in insomnia rats caused by PCPA were significantly decreased as compared with normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the Jiannao Anshen group,estazolam group and Zaoren Anshen group,the behavioral score,the content of 5-HT,MT and IL-1 in serum and the content of 5-HT and MT in brain tissue of insomnia rats were significantly increased as compared with model control group (P ＜ 0.05).The behavioral score,the content of 5-HT,MT and IL-1 in serum and the content of 5-HT and MT in brain tissue of insomnia rats were not statistically significant different among Jiannao Anshen group,estazolam group and Zaoren Anshen group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Jiannao Anshen capsule of Miao medicine could obviously improve the sleep quality of rats with sleep deprival.The mechanism may be related to improving the content of IL-1,MT and 5-HT.

Objective To explore the relationship between Y chromosomal microdeletions and chromosome karyotype,clinical phenotypes and sex hormone levels in patients with spermatogenic failure.Methods SRY gene,ZFY gene and 6 sequence-tagged-sites in AZFa,AZFb and AZFc were detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 42 non-obstructive azoospermic and 39 severe oligozoospermic men.Results Ten cases (12.35%) of microdeletions were found in 81 non-obstructive azoospermic (6 cases) or severe oligozoospermic patients (4 cases).Among the 10 patients with Y chromosomal microdeletions, 1 had deletion of AZFa+AZFb+AZFc,2 AZFb+AZFc, 1 AZFb and 6 AZFc.Conclusion Microdeletions in the long arm of Y chromosome were associated with spermatogenic failure.Screening for Y chromosomal microdeletions in azoospermic or severe oligozoospermic patients should be of necessity and significance.

Background The pathogenesis mechanism of diabetic cataract has not been fully elucidated.Researches showed that multiple biological pathways participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract,including oxidative stress.Astaxanthin can inhibit oxidative stress-mediated injury and lipid peroxidation.However,whether astaxanthin has the preventive effects on diabetic cataract is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the preventive effects of astaxanthin on metabolic cataract in type 1 diabetic rats.Methods Thirty-eight 6-week-old SPF male SD rats were used in this study,and 1％ streptozocin was intraperitoneally injected to establish type 1 diabetic models in 30 rats,and 24 successful models were assigned to diabetic model group,low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group.Equal volume of normal saline solution was injected in the same way in 8 rats as the normal control group.Mixture foods containing 50 mg/(kg · day) or 100 mg/(kg · day) astaxanthin with olive oil and fodder were used continuously for 3 months in the rats of low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group,respectively,and mixture food of olive oil with fodder was used in the diabetic model group.Only fodder was used in the same way in the rats of the normal control group.The opacification of lens was examined by slit lamp section radiography system and graded on a scale of 1-5.The specimen of lens were prepared for the hematoxylin & eosin stain.The expression and lation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in the lens was examined using immunochemistry.The contents of oxidative stress-related indicators in the lens,such as AGEs,malonydialdehyde (MDA),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mass fraction of glutathione (GSH),were assayed by ELISA.The experimental process complied with the national standard (Laboratory Animal Requirements of Environment and Housing Facilities [GB14925-2001]).Results The blood glucose levels of the rats were significantly higher in the diabetic model group,low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group than those in the normal control group at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after modeling (all at P＜0.05),while the blood glucose levels of rats were not evidently different between low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group at various time points(all at P＞0.05).The rat lenses were transparent in the normal control group with scale of grade 1,and serious lens opacification was seen in the rats of the diabatic model group,with the scale of grade 5,while the rat lenses in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group were in grade 3-4.The contents of AGEs in the lenses were (7.23 ±0.50) μg/ml and (7.01 ±0.37) μg/ml,and M DA contents were (1.43 ± 0.22) mmol/L and (1.35±0.16)mmol/L in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group respectively,which were significantly lower than (7.61± 0.45) μg/ml and (1.62 ±0.42) mmol/L in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).GSH contents in rat lenes were (272.70±12.53) ng/L and (283.52±16.17) ng/L,and SOD coneents were (55.45± 6.47) μmol/(min · L) and (56.73±5.12) μmol/(min · L),and CAT concents were (2.91 ±0.41) μmol/(min · L)and (3.02±0.13)μmol/ (min · L) in the low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group respectively,which were significantly higher than (241.52 ± 15.13) ng/L,(51.67 ± 5.45) μmol/(min · L) and (2.72 ± 0.27)μmol/(min · L) in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The GSH concent and SOD concent in rat lens were lower in the low-dose astaxanthin group than that in the high-dose astaxanthin group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Astaxanthin can postpone the pathogenesis and development of diabetic cataract in type 1 diabetic rats by antioxydative stress.

Objective To establish the islet ? cell rat model by the ? cell-deleting technology.Methods Tweenty-four normal male SD rats and 12 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups,i.e,a normal diet group(NC,n=8),the model group 1(M1,n=8),and the model group 2(M2,n=8).The rats in M1 and M2 group were injected with 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of streptozocin respectively.Five days later,the rats were sacrificed.The level of insulin(Ins)and Glucagon(Glc)in the pancreatic homogenate was measured.The tail of pancreas were obtained and fixed by Bolins liquid.Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Ins and Glc in islet cells.Quantitative analysis was executed by image analyzer.Results Compared with the NC group,the total pancreas island areas of beta-cell deleting rats,M1 group and M2 group,are approximately 1/7 of normal control rats.Moreover,the percentages of beta-cell areas from total pancreas island areas decreased from 74.3% down to 5.4% and 5.2%,respectively.The Ins content in pancreas tissue homogenate of beta-cell deleting rats does not reach 3% of normal ones,While the Glc content unexpectedly increases.Less alpha cells distinguished by Glc positive dying through Immunohistochemistry are observed at periphery of pancreas islands of NC group.With beta cellsdeletion,the aggregation of alpha cells from periphery to centre of pancreas islands is found in M1 and M2 groups.Furthermore,the percentages of alpha cells area from total pancreas island areas are promoted from 16.4% to 76.5%、74.4%,respectively.Conclusion The islet ? cell rat model was established by injecting large dose STZ(100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg).

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen level in 204 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was higher than that in 60 healthy subjects (P

Objective To propose an automatic framework for segmentation of brain image in this paper. Methods The brain MRI image segmentation framework consists of three-step segmentation procedures. First, Non-brain structures removal by level set method. Then, the non-uniformity correction method is based on computing estimates of tissue intensity variation. Finally, it uses a statistical model based on Markov random filed for MRI brain image segmentation. The brain tissue can be classified into cerebrospinal fluid, white matter and gray matter. Results To evaluate the proposed our method, we performed two sets of experiments, one on simulated MR and another on real MR brain data. Conclusion The efficacy of the brain MRI image segmentation framework has been demonstrated by the extensive experiments. In the future, we are also planning on a large-scale clinical evaluation of this segmentation framework.

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