[Objective]To find a better minimally invasive surgical operation in teenagers suffered from spontaneous hematopneumothorax caused by pulmonary bullae.[Methods]To analyse 86 cases of patients with pulmonary bullous through transaxilary minithoracotomy from February 2001 to February 2007.[Results]It was observed from 6 months to 6 years after operation with few recrudescence,more curative effects.[Conclusions]Compared with traditional methods,it was a perfect technique for its small traumatism,rapid resume,scarce syndrome and approving curative effect.

Objective To investigate the incidence changes, clinical characteristics and pregnant outcomes of pernicious placenta previa. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis on 316 cases with placenta previa in the Peking University First Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014. The research group were 60 cases with the patients of placenta previa with the history of cesarean section, and the control group were placenta previa without the history of cesarean section. Compared with the incidence, intraoperative blood loss, the pregnancy outcomes and so on. Results (1) The average incidence rate of placenta previa during the past 7 years was 10.96‰ (316/28 837). And the cases of pernicious placenta previa was 60 (2.08‰, 60/28 837), the incidence of pernicious placenta previa was rising from 2008 to 2014 (0.91‰-3.08‰). (2) There were 145 cases of placenta privia had been translation from other hospitals in the past 7 years. The referral rate of pregnant women with placenta previa was 45.9%(145/316), and the referral rate of pernicious placenta previa (63.3%, 38/60) was significantly higher than that of non-pernicious placenta previa group (41.8%, 107/256; χ2=9.080, P=0.003). Referral the outcomes of these patients were good, and no maternal death occurred. (3) The placenta in the research group were mainly adhered in the front wall of the uterine, and the incidence was 38.5%(15/39), higher than that in the group of non-pernicious placenta previa (12.1%, 21/174; χ2=57.636, P<0.01). The incidence rate of complicated placenta increased in research group was 53.3% (32/60), higher than that in the group of non-pernicious placenta previa, compared with the control group, there was significant difference (15.6%, 40/256; χ2=39.041, P<0.01). (4) The incidence of blood loss was more than 1 000 ml, blood transfusion rate, the rate of hysterectomy and the rate of asphyxia of newborn in the research group were respectively 41.7% (25/60), 38.3%(23/60), 8.3%(5/60), 15.0%(9/60), and the incidence of the group of non-pernicious placenta previa were respectively 4.7%(12/256), 12.9%(33/256), 1.2%(3/256), 8.6%(22/256), compared those in other two groups, there were not significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate of placenta previa increased year by year, patients with placenta previa has a history of cesarean section often combined with placenta in anterior wall of the uterus, and often with poor pregnancy outcomes. Hierarchical referral system is an effective means to reduce the mortality of the pernicious placenta previa.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of Cinnamic acid、Cinnamaldehyde in Guzhi Decoction. Methods:Defferent decoction were preparded and analyzed by L16(215)orthogonal design,the contents of the Cinnamic acid and Cinnamaldehyde in each decoction was determined by HPLC.Results:Different compatibilities have significantly on content of Cinnamic acid and Cinnamald.Conclusions The method is simple,effective,sensitive and feasible.

Diet survey in this country has indicated that the adequacy of the supply of vitamin B is mainly determined by the quantity of this vitamin presence in the staple food consumed. Analysis of milled kaoliang grain obtained in the market shows a much lower than adequate content of the vitamin. In a previous report, it has been shown that the distribution of various nutrients in this grain is similar to those in other cereals. It is apparent that the study of the effect of the milling process on the nutritive value of kaoliang is of considerable importance both to the improvement of human nutrition and to the conservation of this staple cereal.Experiment was made by running a quantity of red kaoliang sample eight times through a standard commercial mill. Samples were withdrawn after each run for determining the amount of various parts of the grain retained and for the analysis of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, protein, fat, crude fibre and xylose. The weight of the whole grain removed was also estimated.More than 70％ of the pericarp was found to have been removed in the first run. When 20％ of the total weight was removed, the amount of pericarp left was negligible. This was in accordance with the loss of crude fibre and xylose which showed a greater rate of removal during the first few millings.With the increase of the degree of milling, the ateurone layer, the scutellum and the embryo were removed nearly at a similar rate. At the earlier stage of milling, the loss of thiamin was at a lower rate than that of nicotinic acid and riboflavin. After 15％ of the bran had been removed, its loss became more rapid and ran parallel with that of nicotinic acid, while the removal of riboflavin was at a comparatively lower rate. This can be satisfactorily explained by the uneven distribution of these vitamins in different parts of the grain.The percentage of fat removed at different stages of milling was about the same as that of riboflavin. High degree of milling also caused a lower content of protein in the grain.For better controlling the degree of milling and for reducing the friction in the milling process, a laboratory mill was used in a second experiment. The results obtained were nearly similar to those stated above with the exception of a better retention of scutellum during the early stage of milling.It is suggested that 80％ extraction is likely to be the most rational degree of milling. Owing to the differences between varieties, this may be varied accordingly.It seems that the content of xylose may be used as an index for the degree oi milling.

Objective To investigate the pile protein (paxillin) and carbonic anhydrases Ⅸ (CA Ⅸ)expression and its significance in duodenal papilla carcinoma patients.Methods Eighty-seven cases of duodenal papilla carcinoma were enrolled as our subject.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of paxillin and CAⅨ in site of tumor,adjacent tissue and duodenal papillitis tissue.Results Sixtyfive cases (74.7％ (65/87)) were showed a higher expression of paxillin in cancer site than that of adjacent tissue (41％ (16/39),P ＜ 0.05) and duodenal papillitis tissue (41.3％ (19/46),P ＜ 0.05),and the difference was statisically significant (x2 =19.869,P ＜0.05).While a higher expression of CA Ⅸ in 62 cases (71.3％) in cancer site was seen,higher than that of adjacent tissue (33.3％ (13/39),P ＜ 0.05) and duodenal papillitis tissue (30.4％ (14/46),P ＜ 0.05),and the difference was statisically significant (x2 =26.936,P ＜ 0.05).As the increase of the cancer tissue malignant degree and the surrounding tissue invasion or distant metastasis degree,paxillin and CA Ⅸ expression increased.Conclusion The paxillin and CAⅨ might served as the early indicators for diagnosis and judgment of prognosis of duodenal papilla cancer.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of HIV primary drug resistance and drug resistance gene mutations among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:We searched eight electronic databases (CNKI,VIP,CBM,Wanfang Database,PubMed,Web of Knowledge,Springer,Medline) for the studies of HIV drug resistance relevant to MSM.Drug resistance and drug resistance mutations data were pooled and analyzed according to statistical test of homogeneity.Subgroups were further divided according to sample size,location,race,quality rating score,sampling time.Results:Forty-three studies were included in this Meta-analysis.The pooled rate of total to protease inhibitor (PI),nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NRTI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) were 10.21％ (95％ CI 8.65％ to12.03％),2.98％ (95％ CI 2.25％ to 3.93％),4.05％ (95％ CI 3.14％ to 5.21％),4.42％ (95％ CI 3.31％ to 5.88％),respectively.The pooled rates of PI major mutation,PI secondary mutations,NRTI mutations and NNRTI mutations were 0.55％ (95％ CI 0.38％ to 0.80％),1.31％ (95％ CI 0.98％ to 1.75％),0.85％ (95％ CI 0.51％ to 1.40％),1.19％ (95％ CI 0.70％ to 2.01％),0.79％ (95％ CI 0.55％ to 1.13％),1.73％ (95％ CI 1.21％ to 2.46％),0.86％ (95％ CI 0.61％ to 1.21％),2.24％ (95％ CI 1.77％ to 2.83％),respectively.Sample size,region,and race were heterogeneous sources;the rate of resistance mutations and gene mutation rate were different in different subgroups.Conclusion:The prevalence of primary drug resistance among MSM was high in Americas and Europe,and it was gradually increased in Asia.We should pay attention to the high incidence of PI secondary mutations.

Objective To investigate the effect of flow management of cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery on the neurological complication.Methods From March 2007 to November 2011,189 patients underwent aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest plus antegrade cerebral perfusion in our department.The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different methods of cerebral perfusion flow nanagement,patients were divided into two groups.Single pump with double limb (to the lower body and brain) perfusion was used in group A (96 patients),based on natural distribution of petfusion flow without control.Modified flow management was used in group B (93 patients).A magnetic flow sensor probes was installed on the brain perfusion limb to monitor and control the cerebral perfusion flow precisely (10 ml · kg-1 · min-1).Postoperative neurological complications were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in CPB time,aortic clamping time and circulatory arreating time.However,the morbidity of postoperative neurological complications in group B was much lower than that in group A (1.1％ vs 5.2％,P ＜0.05).Conclusion When performing antegrade cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery,precisely control of cerebral perfusion flow can reduce the morbidity of postoperative neurological complications effectively.

Objective To identify the diagnostic criteria and investigate the incidence and distribution of the patellofemoral arthritis in aged people in Wuchuan region of the Inner Mongolia of China. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1030 residents aged 50 years and over of Wuehuan County, Inner Mongolia. Survey participants, mostly farmers, reported heavy physical activity, completed an interview-based questionnaire and Skyline View weight-bearing films were evaluated for KeU-gren and Lawrence (K/L) grade. Radiological patellofemoral arthritis (RPFA) and symptomatic patellofemoral arthritis (SPFA) were defined. Statistical package SPSS 14.0, crosstabs chi-squae test and Excel were adopted for statistical analysis. Results One thousanod and twenty-five participants were included in this study and 2050 knee joint Skyline View weight-bearing films were analyzed. The incidence of RPFA was 8.72%(6.8% in men, and 10.5% inwomen). The incidence of SPFA was 6.33% (4.8% in men, and 8.0% in women).The RPFA incidence of age groups 50～, 60～,≥70 was 3.8%, 10.6%, 22.9% respectively, while the incidence of SPFA was 2.7%, 7.7%, 17.3% respectively. The Three age groups' SPFA/RPFA was 71.7%, 72.0%, 75.6% respectively. The incidence of RPFA was 6.00/0, 7.3%, 11.0%, 11.3%, and the incidence of SPFA was 4.2%,5.2%, 7.3%, 9.6% and the four SPFA/RPFA was 70.0%, 71.3%, 66.7%, 84.8% in people whose BMI was less than 18.5, 18.5～, 23.0～ and higher than ≥25.0 kg/m~2 respectively, 73.6% people had joint pain among RPFA.Conclusion The prevalence of symptomatic patellofemoral arthritis in the rural areas of China is 6.8%, the incidence of that in women is higher than in men, and elder people suffer a high incidence. And the heavier the people are, the higher the incidence of patellofemoral arthritis.

To analyze the reasons of injuries during surgical practices and explore the hazards and the corresponding preventive measures. The surgical interns don't receive enough training of injury prevention. They don't pay enough attention to the occupational prevention and are not skilled in operation, which causes high rate of sharp edged instrument injuries. Therefore, a perfect plan of education, training and treatment must be made to reduce the occupational injuries and blood sourced diseases.

Objective To understand the cleaning status of hospital environment,and evaluate the effect of fluo-rescence labeling method plus feedback and training on hospital environmental cleaning effectiveness.Methods A total of 27 departments in a hospital were investigated,1 cleaning staff and 2 inpatients were selected from each de-partment,cleaning staff’s knowledge about cleaning and disinfection of environmental object surfaces,as well as cleaning status of inpatients’wards were surveyed,cleaning efficacy of hospital environmental object surfaces were detected with fluorescence labeling method,the surveyed results were performed timely feedback to clinical depart-ments,training on cleaning and disinfection knowledge was conducted,the effective cleaning rate of environmental object surface before and after the training was compared.Results A total of 27 cleaning staff were surveyed,the correct response rate for cleaning frequency was 96.30% ,awareness rate for section concept was 96.30% ,accuracy rate of cleaning order was 92.59% ,accuracy rate of post-cleaning immersion time of sanitary wares in disinfectant was 85.19% ,accuracy rates of replacing,drying,and repeated immersing wiping cloths were 81.48% ,48.15% ,and 25.93% respectively,rates of correct disinfectant formulating method and mop drying time were both 0. Among 54 investigated patients,bed units and ground of wards of 28 patients were cleaned both 1-2 times/day;bed units of 8 patients had never been wiped,18 patients in 9 departments cannot be conducted statistics due to completely in-consistent responses with the other patients of the same departments. The effective cleaning rates of environmental object surfaces before and after the training were 34.62% and 64.96% respectively,difference was significant(χ2=21.81,P<0.01).Conclusion Fluorescence labeling method plus feedback and training can improve cleaning efficacy of hospital environmental object surfaces.