With the continuous development of modern chemistry, biology and pharmacy, researches on TCM modernization has witnessed a wide range of application of related modern technology, especially in researches of TCM monomer efficacy and pharmacokinetics. This can provide basis to internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. The current research focus is how to obtain targeted TCM monomer. This article expounded the screening methods for TCM monomer at home and abroad, the principles of screening, the limitation and meanings.

Nonunion or delayed union remains one of the major complicatio ns of fractures. Repair of fractures involves a sequence of dynamic events which ultimately restore the integrity of bone and its biomechanical properties, incl uding such methods as surgery, internal fixation, bone grafting, external fixati on, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and high-energy extracorporeal shock wa ve. The preferred management of nonunion and delayed union is autologous bone gr afting. However, the supply of suitable bone is limited and it often results in additional morbidity to the donor site. Recently some advances have been made in the therapeutic principle for nonunion or delayed union. It is aimed at providi ng non-invasion, less complication, and safe treatment. This article introduces the development of some effective and safe therapies for nonunion or delayed un ion.

FJ, with 9.7 times difference between the highest and the lowest. CONCLUSION: Prepared with different base materials, the permeation ability of of the preparation will be different.

Ergonomics ; Humans ; Occupational Health

Aging is one of dangerous elements in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Qi deficiency and blood stasis is an important syndrome pattern in aging. The treatment methods of nourishing qi and resolving blood stasis is an important way to delay aging. Based on the theory that nourishing qi and resolving blood stasis can delay aging, many scholars have conducted lots of clinical and experimental researches nowadays. This article mainly analyzeds the theory and origin of nourishing qi and resolving blood stasis delaying aging, the current situation of clinical and experimentai researches on age-related diseases. The purpose of this article is providing a basis for anti-aging researches on Chinese herbal medicines that have the efficienoy of nourishing qi and resolving blood stasis, and further revealing aging mechanism.

Coronary magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)is a technique that allows visualization of the coronary arteries by noninvasive means.This review summarizes results from several studies comparing the difference of coronary MRA with conventional coronary angiography,and finds it to be a diagnosis tool of coronary artery stenoses with a high degree of accuracy,especially with sites at the proximal and middle segments.Current limitations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional coronary MIRA are discussed,which prevents it to be sensitive enough as a screening tool.The development trends of coronary MRA are also been evaluated.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:139-142)

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages between the discussion teaching round model and the traditional round model in the tralning of medical graduate students. Methods 38 and 41 medical graduate students were practicing under the discussion teaching round model and the traditional round model in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. The questionnalre and the Clinical Skill Test were used to evaluate the teaching effect. The t test group design was used to make comparison between group mean. Results Compared with the traditional round model group, the discussion teaching round model group had higher evaluation to the teaching methods, consciousness of participation, the rounds impressions and clinical thinking cultivation, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The total score of the Clinical Skill Test was higher in the discussion teaching round model group than the traditional round model group[(86.4±4.8) vs (78.2±6.4), P=0.02]. Conclusion The discussion teaching round model can improve the quality of clinical practice and is an effective method for the education in medical graduate students.

Objective To investigate the interactions between melanoma-derived exosomes and the microenvironment.Methods The exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of mouse melanoma cells and then co-cuhured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) after identification.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the exosomes engulfed by MSC.CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of MSC.Effects of the exosomes on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in MSC were analyzed by Western blot.Results Co-culture of MSC with melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA.All of the changes mediated by the exosomes could be blocked by using the inhibitor of TGF-β receptor.Conclusion Melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA through TGF-β signaling pathway,which provided an advantageous microenvironment for melanoma progression.

Cultivation of scientific research ability for postgraduates in neurosurgery department find expression in morality education, scientific spirit culture, scientific research objective propagan-da, review writing, data analysis and thesis writing, etc. Cultivation of scientific research ability and cultivation of clinical skill supplement each other and both can improve the research ability of post-graduates in neurosurgery department.

Objective To investigate the role of epithelial cell apoptosis in the stress-related changes of intestinal mucosa barrier following traumatic brain injury. Methods Sixty-four health male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: (1) traumatic brain injury model group (n =32) ,in which rats suffered from traumatic brain injury by Feeney's method; (2) control group ( n = 32) , rats suffered from sham operation. Each group were divided into four subgroups according 6 h, 12 h,24 h, and 48 h after operation ( n = 8, for each subgroup ). Ileum tissue were taken to observed the damage of the intestinal mucosa under microscope and electronmicroscope. The early apoptosis rate of intestinal mucosal cells were analyzed with Annexin Ⅴ-PI double stained and detected by flow cytometry. Results The intestinal mucosa were damaged and the intercellular space of intestinal mucosal were found increased in traumatic brain injury group. The early apoptosis rate of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells was significant increased in traumatic brain injury group than that in control group [6 h: (13.5 ±3.7)% vs (6.1 ± 1.7)%, P＜0.05; 12 h:(66.1±6.0)% vs (5.2±1.1)%, P＜0.05; 24 h:(39.8±4.8)% vs (8.4±2.6)%, P＜0.05;48 h: (7.5 ±1.3)% vs (6.6 ±0.5)%]. Conclusion The increased early apoptosis rate of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells might contribute to the stress-damage of the intestinal mucosa barrier in early stage of traumatic brain injury.