This paper discusses how to teach students to master the basic and important knowledge and to know the development of imageology and simultaneously to cultivate students' innovation consciousness and practice ability in the limited teaching time.

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and provide better options for clinical cataract treatment.
METHODS: According to the different operation methods, 98 cases of simple senile cataract patients in our hospital were divided into control group and treatment group, 49 cases in each. The control group received ultrasonic emulsification operation treatment; treatment group were treated by small incision non -phacoemulsification. Visual acuity, astigmatism values, average operation time, and complications were compared between two groups before and after operation.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative corneal astigmatism values of two groups at 3mo between two groups (P>0. 05). On other times, vision and corneal astigmatism were obviously better than those before operation (P<0. 05). The average vision, corneal astigmatism values and complications incidence of two group at operation time and different postoperative time had no statistical difference (P>0. 05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅰ~Ⅲ level, corneal endothelial cell count of two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅳ ~ Ⅴlevel, there was statistical difference (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery has the similarly efficacy compared with phacoemulsification. It should be based on the actual situation of the hardness of nuclear to select the appropriate surgical treatment.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT)has been found playing an important role in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)in recent years,but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified.Aims:To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT in regulating the inflammatory response in SAP by evaluating the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)and wortmannin,the agonist and inhibitor of PI3K/AKT on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)signaling pathway in macrophage cell line RAW264.7.Methods:RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS ), IGF-Ⅰ and wortmannin, respectively, and cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.RAW264.7 cells were divided into blank control group (no treatment),LPS group (LPS 1 μg/mL),IGF-Ⅰ group (IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL),wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +LPS 1 μg/mL)and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL).Protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)were detected by ELISA;mRNA expressions of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),AKT,PI3K,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)were determined by real-time PCR.Results:After treated with LPS,IGF-Ⅰand wortmannin, respectively,no differences in cell viability of RAW264.7 cells were found between different concentrations groups (P>0.05).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in LPS,IGF-Ⅰ,wortmannin and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin groups were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05 ).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).In LPS group,mRNA expressions of AKT and PI3K as well as TLR4 and its downstream molecules MyD88,p38MAPK and NF-κB were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P <0.05 ).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in IGF-Ⅰ group were further increased and significantly higher than those in LPS group (P<0.05).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05 ),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly higher than those in wortmannin group (P<0.05),but significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).Conclusions:PI3K/AKT might regulate TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream molecules in macrophages, thereby affects the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and being involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory response in SAP.

The authors report one case of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with multiple liver metastases. A patient was a 41-year-old female. In 2010, B-ultrasound examination revealed that there were multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver, and hepatic hemangiomas was considered to be the diagnosis. Then, the patient was followed up regularly. In Aug. 2013, B-ultrasound examination indicated that the hepatic lesions were significantly enlarged. Multi-detector CT scanning and MRI examination were performed, and still the diagnosis of multiple hepatic hemangiomas was suggested. On CT and MRI the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed hypervascular tumor with “fast-in and slow-out” enhancement pattern. On MRI, the lesion was characterized by multiple nodules. Needle biopsy was carried out, and the pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis was metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. Systemic examination did not find the primary lesion. Therefore, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with intra- hepatic metastases was diagnosed. The patient was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The drugs used were 100 mg Oxaliplatin+one bottle of gelatin sponge particles(300-500μm)+10 ml iodized oil, and micro-pump infusion of 100 mg oxaliplatin(99 mg/h) through catheter was also employed. Clinically, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare. In combination with the medical literatures, the authors attempt to make a preliminary discussion on the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Objective Evaluating the main risk factors of thyroid cancer systematicaly,to provide reference for the further development of thyroid cancer prevention strategies.Methods Such databases as PubMed,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and WanFang were searched from the date of their establishment to June 10 2016 to collect the case-control studies on thyroid cancer.After study selection,assessment and data extraction was conducted by two reviewers independently,meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Nineteen studies involving 4 813 thyroid cancer patients and 6 068 comparions were selected.The results of metaanalysis showed that:the risk factors of thyroid cancer mainly included history of benign thyroid disease [odds ratio (OR) =7.31,95％ confidence interval (95％CI,4.37,12.23)],family history of thyroid cancer [OR =5.13,95％CI (3.20,8.23)],high iodine diet [(marine animal food,OR =4.15,95％CI (2.47,6.99)],CT inspection history [OR =3.99,95％CI (2.10,7.60)],Negative emotions [sulking,OR =3.31,95％CI (2.23,4.91)],BMI greater than 25 [OR =2.62,95％CI (1.73,3.97)],high pressure and anxious [OR =2.60,95％CI (1.61,4.21)],getting along with people not harmoniously [OR =2.46,95％CI (1.59,3.81)],the number of pregnancies of women more than three times [OR =2.03,95％CI (1.50,2.76)],age of menarche less than 13,14 years old [OR =1.59,95％CI (1.06,2.37)].Conclusions Thyroid benign disease history,family history of thyroid cancer,high iodine diet,CT examination,BMI greater than 25,bad mood,social interaction,number of pregnancies and other factors are the independent risk factors for thyroid cancer.Corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken according to these risk factors.

0.05), but DPC coefficient increases along with concentration of DEHP (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 375 mg/kg) rising, and it can cause DPC significantly (P

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of hair removal in different areas with Lightsheer Duet diode laser and to compare clinical effect and safety in axillae hair removal between the two models,high-speed and standard model.Methods Lightsheer Duet diode laser was used to remove hairs from different areas in 200 cases,for 4-8 weeks treatment 1 time,4 times for 1course.The curative effect and adverse reaction were observed after the treatment.Thirty axillae hair removal subjects were chosen randamly and received treatments using the different models,high-speed hand piece on one side and the standard hand piece on the other side.Hair removal efficiency and the immediate pain were compared and evulated on each subject.Results The hair was significantly reduced after 4 times treatments in 200 cases.The total effective rate was 95.54 ％ and positively related with the treatment times.Pigmentation was found in 3 cases,but it disappeared after 1-3 months.The total effective rate was 100 ％ after the 3 times treatments in axillae hair removal subjects both using the high-speed model or the standard model in 30 cases.There was no statistical difference between the two models except less pain in the high-speed model.Conclusions Lightsheer Duet diode laser is a safe and efficient method in hair removal.The high-speed model has more advantage on speed and causing pain.

Objective To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde and citral on DNA and RNA of Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus cells and their mechanisms. Methods A. flavus and A. fumigatus were incubated on Czapeks agar plate (treated with cinnamaldehyde and citral at different concentrations) at 26.5 ℃ for 3—6 d. The normal and treated cells were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and image analysis to describe the DNA and RNA levels by quantity and localization. Results DNA and RNA levels were changed greatly and multinucleate coniospores appeared in the treated cells. Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde and citral have directly or indirectly interfered the conventional synthesis of fungal hereditary DNA and RNA and normal differentiation of conidiophore in A. flavus and A. fumigatus, thus inhibiting the normal cell cycle and the growth and propagation of fungi.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical significance of 1.5T MR multiple sequence for atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods To collect the data of MRI and transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)of 46 patients with ASD/VSD,Among them,12 patients had surgical treatment,27 patientsDSA treatment and 7 patients no surgery or DSA treatment. The biggest defect diameter was recorded which measured by TSE,GRE,PC-MR and TTE,and the main deformity,valvular regurgitation, atrioventricular enlargement,cardiac function,maximum aperture of ASD/VSD were recorded which were confirmed by surgery.Al-so,myocardial delayed reinforcement was recorded.Results Multiple sequence check of MRI found different number of defects in 39 patients(7 patients without surgery or treatment removed );the largest defect aperture of ASD/VSD measured by TSE、GRE、PC-MR had no statistically significant(P >0.05)with TTE measurements,they had good correlation with TTE (r=0.86,0.94,0.99) (P >0.05),and PC-MR had the highest consistency with TTE.The measured results of GRE,TTE,surgical in 14 ventricular sep-tal defects of 12 cases had no statistically significant(P >0.05).the largest defect aperture between myocardial delayed reinforce-ment and not delayed reinforcement had statistically significant in 41 cases of ASD(P <0.05).MRI had more advantage in the right heart enlargement and right heart function than TTE,the differences between the two had statistically significant(P <0.05).And MRI could find intracardiac deformity and outside the heart malformation in ASD/VSD,especially outside the heart malformation. Conclusion 1.5T MR multiple sequence inspection have high diagnostic value for ASD/VSD,which can display ASD/VSD clearly, measure the defect aperture accurately,find merged deformity accurately,and can also show myocardial delayed reinforcement and judge heart function.

Objective To investigate the microRNAs(miRNAs)expression profiles in the bowels of patients with Hirschsprung disease(HSCR),and to explore the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HSCR. Methods Twenty - seven HSCR tissues,including spastic segments and distending segments,were obtained from patients with HSCR during operation. Then miRNA microarrays were used to investigate the miRNA expression profiles in 6 HSCR specimens. Bioinformatics software was used to predict target genes of miRNA. Three miRNAs (miR - 145 - 3p,miR - 4505 and miR - 1260a)were chosen and quantificational real - time(qRT)- PCR was per-formed to verify the different expression of those three miRNAs in 27 HSCR tissues. Results The expression of 26 miRNAs in an aganglionic colon segment was found to be more than two fold greater than that in ganglionic segment tis-sues,including 19 up - regulated miRNAs and 7 down - regulated miRNAs in patients with HSCR(all P ﹤ 0. 05). Tar-get genes of miRNAs were found,such as SOX10,RET,L1CAM. qRT - PCR showed the expression of miR - 145 - 3p (1. 42 ± 0. 42,aganglionic segment vs 0. 90 ± 0. 31,ganglionic segment)and miR - 4505(1. 30 ± 0. 30,aganglionic segment vs 0. 76 ± 0. 22,ganglionic segment)displayed a statistical difference between groups(all P ﹤ 0. 001). Be-sides,the expressions of miR - 145 - 3p(1. 53 ± 0. 46,long - segment type vs 1. 16 ± 0. 12,short - segment type)and miR - 4505(1. 42 ± 0. 26,long - segment type vs 1. 00 ± 0. 16,short - segment type)showed a statistical difference be-tween different types(all P ﹤ 0. 001),but miR - 1260a(1. 11 ± 0. 25,aganglionic segment vs 0. 99 ± 0. 21,ganglionic segment)did not show differential expression between different groups(P = 0. 064). Conclusions Abnormal expression of miRNAs was found in HSCR spastic segments,suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR.