This paper discusses how to teach students to master the basic and important knowledge and to know the development of imageology and simultaneously to cultivate students' innovation consciousness and practice ability in the limited teaching time.

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and provide better options for clinical cataract treatment.
METHODS: According to the different operation methods, 98 cases of simple senile cataract patients in our hospital were divided into control group and treatment group, 49 cases in each. The control group received ultrasonic emulsification operation treatment; treatment group were treated by small incision non -phacoemulsification. Visual acuity, astigmatism values, average operation time, and complications were compared between two groups before and after operation.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative corneal astigmatism values of two groups at 3mo between two groups (P>0. 05). On other times, vision and corneal astigmatism were obviously better than those before operation (P<0. 05). The average vision, corneal astigmatism values and complications incidence of two group at operation time and different postoperative time had no statistical difference (P>0. 05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅰ~Ⅲ level, corneal endothelial cell count of two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅳ ~ Ⅴlevel, there was statistical difference (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery has the similarly efficacy compared with phacoemulsification. It should be based on the actual situation of the hardness of nuclear to select the appropriate surgical treatment.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT)has been found playing an important role in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)in recent years,but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified.Aims:To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT in regulating the inflammatory response in SAP by evaluating the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)and wortmannin,the agonist and inhibitor of PI3K/AKT on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)signaling pathway in macrophage cell line RAW264.7.Methods:RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS ), IGF-Ⅰ and wortmannin, respectively, and cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.RAW264.7 cells were divided into blank control group (no treatment),LPS group (LPS 1 μg/mL),IGF-Ⅰ group (IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL),wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +LPS 1 μg/mL)and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL).Protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)were detected by ELISA;mRNA expressions of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),AKT,PI3K,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)were determined by real-time PCR.Results:After treated with LPS,IGF-Ⅰand wortmannin, respectively,no differences in cell viability of RAW264.7 cells were found between different concentrations groups (P>0.05).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in LPS,IGF-Ⅰ,wortmannin and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin groups were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05 ).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).In LPS group,mRNA expressions of AKT and PI3K as well as TLR4 and its downstream molecules MyD88,p38MAPK and NF-κB were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P <0.05 ).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in IGF-Ⅰ group were further increased and significantly higher than those in LPS group (P<0.05).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05 ),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly higher than those in wortmannin group (P<0.05),but significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).Conclusions:PI3K/AKT might regulate TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream molecules in macrophages, thereby affects the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and being involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory response in SAP.

The authors report one case of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with multiple liver metastases. A patient was a 41-year-old female. In 2010, B-ultrasound examination revealed that there were multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver, and hepatic hemangiomas was considered to be the diagnosis. Then, the patient was followed up regularly. In Aug. 2013, B-ultrasound examination indicated that the hepatic lesions were significantly enlarged. Multi-detector CT scanning and MRI examination were performed, and still the diagnosis of multiple hepatic hemangiomas was suggested. On CT and MRI the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed hypervascular tumor with “fast-in and slow-out” enhancement pattern. On MRI, the lesion was characterized by multiple nodules. Needle biopsy was carried out, and the pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis was metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. Systemic examination did not find the primary lesion. Therefore, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with intra- hepatic metastases was diagnosed. The patient was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The drugs used were 100 mg Oxaliplatin+one bottle of gelatin sponge particles(300-500μm)+10 ml iodized oil, and micro-pump infusion of 100 mg oxaliplatin(99 mg/h) through catheter was also employed. Clinically, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare. In combination with the medical literatures, the authors attempt to make a preliminary discussion on the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To observe the change of brain iron content in deep gray nucleus using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in patients with Parkinson's diseases (PD). Methods The SWI examination was performed in 40 PD patients (10 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅰ , 9 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅱ , 9 patients with Hoehn Yahr stage Ⅲ , 6 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅳ, 6 ptients with Hoehn Yahr stage Ⅴ ) and 33 gender- and age- matched controls, after conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging examination on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging.The signal values of substantia nigra zona compacta (SNc), substantia nigra zona reticulate (SNr),red nucleus (RN), putamen (Pu), globus pallidus (GP) and caudate nucleus (CN) were assessed.Results Compared with the controls, the PD patients had statistically significance of signal value differences of SNc (P=0.002), SNr (P=0.043). RN (P= 0.003), Pu (P=0.023). GP (P=0.001) andCN (P=0.033). The more significant differences of SNc(P=0.001), SNr (P=0.010),RN (P＜0. 001 ), Pu (P=0. 008), GP (P＜0. 001) and CN (P=0. 011) were observed between more severe PD lesion and control. The signal values of SNc and GP showed obviously negative correlations with Hoehn-Yahr grading (SNcr=-0.943. P＜0.001; GPr=-0.923, P＜0.001). But there was weakly correlation of the signal values of SNr, RN, Pu, CN with Hoehn Yahr grading (SNr r=0. 496. P=0.001; RN r=-0. 480. P=0.002; Pu r=-0. 494, P=0.001; CN r=-0.471, P=0.002) Conclusions Measurement of the brain iron content of SNc and GP using SWI on MRI is a reliable means of diagnosing PD, and it has significant correlation with Hoehn-Yahr grading, It could evaluate the severity of PD.

Objective:To understand the applicability of different thyroid volume correction methods for school-age children in Wuhan, and to explore the appropriate thyroid volume correction methods for school-age children in Wuhan.Methods:From May to August 2019, Hongshan, Hanyang, Hannan, Jiangxia and Dongxihu districts of Wuhan were divided into five sampling areas according to five directions: east, west, south, north and middle. One primary school was selected from each area, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old (gender balanced) were selected from each primary school as survey subjects. Random urine sample and household edible salt sample were collected to detect urinary iodine and salt iodine contents, and the height, weight and thyroid volume of the children were measured. At the same time, the thyroid volume was corrected by height corrected volume index 1 (HVI1), weight and height corrected volume index (WHVI), body mass index corrected volume (BMIV), body surface area corrected volume (BSAV) and height corrected volume index 2 (HVI2).Results:A total of 1 000 children aged 8- 10 years old were investigated, including 499 boys and 501 girls; among them, there were 269, 321 and 410 children aged 8, 9 and 10 years old, respectively. The median urinary iodine was 247.50 μg/L; the median salt iodine was 23.20 mg/kg; the height, weight and thyroid volume were 140.00 (133.00, 146.00) cm, 31.00 (27.00, 37.00) kg and 2.56 (2.13, 3.21) ml, respectively. A total of 30 children with goiter were detected, and the goiter rate was 3% (30/1 000). The thyroid volumes of boys and girls were 2.57 (2.16, 3.28) and 2.56 (2.10, 3.16) ml, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( U = - 0.981, P > 0.05). The thyroid volumes of children aged 8, 9 and 10 years old were 2.31 (1.98, 2.81), 2.68 (2.13, 3.30) and 2.74 (2.28, 3.35) ml, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( H = 47.585, P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the original thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years old ( P < 0.01). After HVI1 correction, no correlation was found between thyroid volume and height in children aged 8 years old ( P > 0.05), but thyroid volume was positively correlated with weight ( P < 0.01); thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight in children aged 9 and 10 years old ( P < 0.01). After WHVI correction, the thyroid volumes of children aged 8, 9, and 10 years old were negatively correlated with height and weight ( P < 0.01). After BMIV correction, the thyroid volume was positively correlated with height in children aged 8, 9, and 10 years old ( P < 0.01); thyroid volume was negatively correlated with weight in children aged 10 years old ( P < 0.05). After BSAV correction, thyroid volume was positively correlated with weight in children aged 9 years old ( P < 0.05). After HVI2 correction, thyroid volume was positively correlated with weight in children aged 9 years old ( P < 0.01). The thyroid volume obtained by the 5 correction methods were all smaller than the original thyroid volume, and the thyroid volume after BSAV correction was the closest to the original thyroid volume, with a difference of 0.87% - 13.87%. Conclusions:The thyroid volume of school-age children in Wuhan is affected by age, height, and weight, judgment of goiter should be corrected for these factors. BSAV is relatively independent and stable, it can eliminate the effect of height and weight on thyroid volume. It is initially considered that BSAV is suitable for the correction of thyroid volume in school-age children in Wuhan.

Objective To investigate the microRNAs(miRNAs)expression profiles in the bowels of patients with Hirschsprung disease(HSCR),and to explore the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HSCR. Methods Twenty - seven HSCR tissues,including spastic segments and distending segments,were obtained from patients with HSCR during operation. Then miRNA microarrays were used to investigate the miRNA expression profiles in 6 HSCR specimens. Bioinformatics software was used to predict target genes of miRNA. Three miRNAs (miR - 145 - 3p,miR - 4505 and miR - 1260a)were chosen and quantificational real - time(qRT)- PCR was per-formed to verify the different expression of those three miRNAs in 27 HSCR tissues. Results The expression of 26 miRNAs in an aganglionic colon segment was found to be more than two fold greater than that in ganglionic segment tis-sues,including 19 up - regulated miRNAs and 7 down - regulated miRNAs in patients with HSCR(all P ﹤ 0. 05). Tar-get genes of miRNAs were found,such as SOX10,RET,L1CAM. qRT - PCR showed the expression of miR - 145 - 3p (1. 42 ± 0. 42,aganglionic segment vs 0. 90 ± 0. 31,ganglionic segment)and miR - 4505(1. 30 ± 0. 30,aganglionic segment vs 0. 76 ± 0. 22,ganglionic segment)displayed a statistical difference between groups(all P ﹤ 0. 001). Be-sides,the expressions of miR - 145 - 3p(1. 53 ± 0. 46,long - segment type vs 1. 16 ± 0. 12,short - segment type)and miR - 4505(1. 42 ± 0. 26,long - segment type vs 1. 00 ± 0. 16,short - segment type)showed a statistical difference be-tween different types(all P ﹤ 0. 001),but miR - 1260a(1. 11 ± 0. 25,aganglionic segment vs 0. 99 ± 0. 21,ganglionic segment)did not show differential expression between different groups(P = 0. 064). Conclusions Abnormal expression of miRNAs was found in HSCR spastic segments,suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of hair removal in different areas with Lightsheer Duet diode laser and to compare clinical effect and safety in axillae hair removal between the two models,high-speed and standard model.Methods Lightsheer Duet diode laser was used to remove hairs from different areas in 200 cases,for 4-8 weeks treatment 1 time,4 times for 1course.The curative effect and adverse reaction were observed after the treatment.Thirty axillae hair removal subjects were chosen randamly and received treatments using the different models,high-speed hand piece on one side and the standard hand piece on the other side.Hair removal efficiency and the immediate pain were compared and evulated on each subject.Results The hair was significantly reduced after 4 times treatments in 200 cases.The total effective rate was 95.54 ％ and positively related with the treatment times.Pigmentation was found in 3 cases,but it disappeared after 1-3 months.The total effective rate was 100 ％ after the 3 times treatments in axillae hair removal subjects both using the high-speed model or the standard model in 30 cases.There was no statistical difference between the two models except less pain in the high-speed model.Conclusions Lightsheer Duet diode laser is a safe and efficient method in hair removal.The high-speed model has more advantage on speed and causing pain.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic feature of overseas imported malaria in order to provide the evidence for improving the surveillance and control of malaria in Wuhan City. Methods The epidemiological investigation data of overseas imported malaria cases were collected and analyzed with an epidemiological method including plasmodium species epidemic fo?cus distribution domestic distribution population characteristics attack?diagnosis interval clinical grading etc. in Wuhan City from 2008 to 2013. Results A total of 240 overseas imported malaria cases were reported including 180 cases from Afri?can countries and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections was 82.22% and 60 cases from Southeast Asian coun?tries and the proportion of Plasmodium vivax infections was 76.67% and the proportions of the parasite species were significant?ly different between the two regions χ2=105.53 P 0.001 . The male and young adults were dominant. there were no statisti?cal significance between clinical grading and attack?diagnosis interval Z=-0.99 P = 0.32 vocational background χ2=10.61 P=0.10 then clinical symptoms aggravated the situation was occurred more easily among the first attack cases χ2=7.66 P 0.05 and the falciparum malaria cases χ2=24.27 P 0.001 . Conclusions The overseas imported malaria cases are increasing rapidly with years and the malignant malaria cases were more than other malaria cases in Wuhan City. Therefore the surveillance and management of the returnees from malaria endemic areas should be strengthened continually.