Oral and maxillofacial radiology (OMR) in the United States is one of the nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA). It has a nearly 100-year history of development and has also established a complete set of specialist training system. Staffing, base facilities, financial status, timing of training courses, contents, plans, and goals to be achieved are all clearly defined. All training centers need to undergo regular assessments every seven years with the ADA's Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA). After graduation, the specialist graduates can be engaged in the clinical teaching and scientific research of radiological diagnosis in universities or general hospitals. They also have the option to open their own business by setting up imaging diagnostic centers or being specialized in tele-radiology to provide imaging diagnosis or consultation report to clinicians in other disciplines, or even assisting in the development of treatment planning for dental implants and orthodontic procedures. Of course, stomatology and OMR education systems are different in China and the United States due to different national conditions. Although the experience in the United States cannot be completely copied, many concepts, standards and goals of OMR specialty training there have been practiced and improved for a long period of time and are worth learning by the Chinese OMR counterparts or relevant agencies.

Delirium is an acute cerebral disorder syndrome with mean features of fluctuating course,attentional deficits,disorganization of thinking and consciousness change.The biggest difference between delirium and restless is cognitive function.Hypoactive delirium and mixed delirium are usually ignored for their inconspicuous clinic feature,while intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is paid more and more attention by clinicians.Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) IPAD guidance suggests that only recommended prevention of delirium is early mobilization,which the article will further discuss.

After the development of medical informatics and the challenges it is faced were described, the charac-teristic and differential strategies for its development were put forward, including combining electronic information technology with medical informatics practical skills and medical knowledge, training more health information profes-sionals for the society, and improving the overall health information level in our country in order to achieve the sus-tainable development of medical informatics.

Objective To confirm the difference in the biological characteristics between V?24 natural killer T cells(NKT) and the cytokine-induced killer cell(CIK).Methods V?24 NKT cells and CIK cells were expanded from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Purified TCRV?24~+ NKT cells and CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells were obtained by using Dynal beads.The phenotype and the levels of cytokine and necrosis-related factors expression on the purified NKT cells and CIK cells were determined by flow cytometry.The cytotoxicity of the purified NKT cells and CIK cells were measured by means of DIOC18 staining and flow cytometry.Results The proportions of TCRV?24~+V?11~+NKT cells and CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells were elevated up to 90% after purification.The majority of V?24 NKT cells were CD4~+ and DN NKT cells.They demonstrated high levels of expression of TCRV?24,V?11,CD3 and CD161 and a low level of expression of CD56,but most purified CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells were CD8~+ T cells,with high levels of CD3 and CD56 expression,low level CD161 expression and little TCRV?24 and V?11expression.After antigen stimulation,the purified CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells showed higher levels of expression of IFN-?,TNF-?,Perforin,FasL and TRAIL,compared to the NKT cells.CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells secreted little IL-4,whereas,V?24~+NKT cells secreted high level of IL-4.In addition,the cytotoxic effect of the CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells on tumor cell lines K562,U937 and Jurkat were more intense than that of the NKT cells.Conclusion It is evident that TCRV?24~+ NKT cells and CD3~+CD56~+CIK cells differ absolutely in many ways and might play different roles in anti-tumor immunity and immune regulation.

Stenosis or occlusion of vertebral artery origin is one of important reasons of posterior circulation ischemia. Vertebral artery stenting can reduce posterior circulation ischemia in patients with vertebral artery origin stenosis. Restenosis after stenting is an important reason influencing the long-term efficacy.This article reviews treatment approaches of vertebral artery origin stenosis, restenosis after stenting and the related factors.

Neurological outcome in critically ill neonates has become the focus of attention.Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG),as a brain function examination of noninvasive and relatively simple operation,offers a variety of information for pediatricians while early applying to the critically ill newborus,and is helpful to predict the long-term neurological outcome.Currently,the increasing number of neonatal intensive care units are using aEEG as the neurological examination.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contraindications ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial

Objective To evaluate the association between serum ferritin and the risk of cardiovascular disease among the Chinese population.Methods Based on the data from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009, we used the Framingham risk score to calculate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and analyzed the association between serum ferritin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in different gender by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 6 551 respondents, 3 035 (46.3%) were males and 3 516 ( 53.7%) were females whose mean age were ( 49.3 ±13.8 ) and ( 49.2 ±13.7 ) years, respectively.The median level of serum ferritin was 75.08 ( 36.71 -138.75 )μg/L.According to the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease calculated by the Framingham risk score , the low risk group, middle risk group and high risk group were accounted for 79.5%( n=5 207 ) , 15.7% ( n=1 028 ) and 4.8%( n=316), respectively.The median of serum ferritin (121.61 vs.46.14, P<0.01) and the Framingham risk score (8.6 ±6.0 vs.7.3 ±1.6, P<0.01) of males were higher than those of females.The percentages of the middle risk group ( 30.6% vs.2.8%) and high risk group ( 9.8% vs.0.5%) of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in males were higher than those in females ( P <0.01 ).The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease ≥10%increased with the increasing of serum ferritin in females ( trend P<0.01 ) but not in males.Conclusion Serum ferritin levels are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in female Chinese.

Objective:To analyze the effect of Doula delivery combined with labor analgesia on the delivery process and delivery outcomes of primiparas.Methods:Retrospectively selected 200 primiparas treated in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 as the research objects.All patients underwent labor analgesia, and were divided into 100 cases in the Doula group and 100 cases in the control group (without Doula delivery) according to whether or not Doula delivery was performed.T test of two independent samples and chi square test were used to compare the labor process and delivery outcome of the two groups.Results:The natural delivery rate in the Doula group was 76%(76/100), which was significantly higher than the control group (61%(61/100)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.214, P=0.022). The time of the first, second and third stage of labor in Doula group was (8.35±3.59), (1.07±0.26), (0.54±0.19) h, and that in the control group was (10.94±4.76), (1.86±0.63), (0.78±0.21) h, respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups (t value were 10.354, 5.312 and 8.169, respectively; P value were 0.016, 0.042 and 0.039, respectively). The neonatal asphyxia rates of Doula group and control group were 1% (1/100) and 3% (3/100) respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.621). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the Doula group and the control group was 3% (3/100) and 10% (10/100) respectively, and the incidence of postpartum urinary retention was 0 (0/100) and 6% (6/100), respectively.The success rate of early sucking was 98% (98/100) and 90% (90/100) respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P value were 0.045, 0.029 and 0.017, respectively). The hospitalization time of Doula group was (3.17±0.85) d, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (5.64±1.29) d)( t=6.359, P=0.031). The visual analogue pain score of 2 h postpartum in Doula group was 3.49±0.98, which was significantly lower than the control group (5.82±1.06)( t=9.327, P<0.001). Conclusion:Doula delivery combined with labor analgesia can effectively reduce the pain of uterine contraction, promote natural delivery, reduce the rate of cesarean section, help to improve the quality of obstetric medical service, improve patient satisfaction, it is worth promoting in the condition of the hospital.