Objective To discuss the therapeutic methods and strategies of fractionated embolization in treating large cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM). Methods During the period from May 2005 to May 2013 at authors’ hospital, endovascular fractionated embolization was performed in 35 cases with large cAVM. The lesions were located in the frontal lobe (n = 11), the parietal lobe(n = 8), the temporal lobe (n = 6), the occipital lobe (n = 4), the lateral temporal area (n = 2) and the deep white matter and basal ganglia (n = 4). The longest diameter of the lesions was 6 - 12 cm, with a mean of 7.23 cm. The number of supply vessels was 2 - 5. The lesions were drained by superficial veins in 13 cases, by deep veins in 9 cases and by both superficial and deep veins in 17 cases. The exit stenosis of the draining vein was seen in 3 cases, while the dilatation of the draining vein was found in 6 cases. Angiography showed that the lesions were situated at the right side in 16 cases and at the left side in 19 cases. Results A total of 297 times of embolization operating-process were carried out in the 35 patients, of which NBCA was used in 107, ONYX in 153 with, FuAiLe medical adhesive in 15, combination use of NBCA and ONYX in 9 and combination use of ONYX and FuAiLe medical adhesive in 13. No death occurred after treatment. After the first embolization, the residual malformation volume usually decreased to < 50%. The interval between the first and the second embolization was 1 - 3 months. Generally, two to four times of embolization were performed in each patient. Complete occlusion of the lesion was obtained in 26 cases, and sub - complete occlusion of the lesion (> 80%embolization) in 9 patients. Good recovery was achieved in all patients. After fractionated embolization, the volume of the cAVMs was decreased gradually and ultimate clinical cure was achieved, which laid the foundation for conducting further micro - neruosurgery or radiation therapy. Conclusion For the treatment of large cerebral arteriovenous malformation, fractionated embolization has reliable therapeutic effect. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Radiation Tolerance

It is important to meet the need of modern high-technology war during the new period in which our army change the modes of generating combat capabilities .How to more scientifically and effectively improve the soldiers′physical quality and reserve ability will play a key role in soldiers′operations training .Therefore,the metabonomic analysis will pro-vide a new idea for the military physical training monitoring .The application of metabonomics to military fitness training monitoring is described in this paper .

This paper summarized nursing experience of one patient with diffuse esophageal spasm(DES) undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).Key points of nursing included:preoperative training of use of medical bedpan;respiratory functional exercises;postoperative management of body position,nursing of gastrointestinal decompression,management of refined diet and prevention and nursing of complications.The patient recovered well and no complication occurred.The patient was discharged on the eighth day after surgery.

0.05 ).But the difference of positive ratio between 1-year-old group was significant in 6 cases of B19 DNA positive (P0.05).Conclusion There are no markedly association between kawasaki disease and human parvovirus B19 infection.

Objective To establish an in vivo imaging method of normal or tumorous liver in mice by using a new type nanoparticle contrast agent, ExiTron nano 12000, coupled with micro-CT imaging.Methods Six 6-8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into group A and group group B, by intravenous injection of 50μL and 100μL Ex-iTron nano 12000, respectively.In vivo Micro-CT scans were performed before contrast agent injection, 3 minutes, 24 hours, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after injection.To determine which dose is suitable for long-term studies, gray scale value a-nalysis was performed on selected region of interest ( ROI) in the left lobe and right anterior lobe of the liver, and the chan-ges of liver tissue contrast was monitored after ExiTron nano 12000 injection.Three male HBV transgenic mice bearing liver tumors ( group C) were intravenously injected with the determined dose of ExiTron nano 12000 and were monitored by mi-cro-CT scans as above described.At 56 days after ExiTron nano 12000 injection, the mice were sacrificed and liver sam-ples were taken for histological analysis.Results Cross-sectional images taken at various time points and the average gray scale value ( AGSV) analysis in the mouse liver revealed that the AGSV peaked at 24 hours after injection of contrast rea-gent and good contrast still presented in the livers within 56 days of observation for both groups, though group B showed a significantly higher contrast than group A (P＜0.01).Those data indicated that the dose of group B (100μL) was better to maintain ExiTron nano 12000 in the liver of mice for a long time.Contrast-enhanced by 100μL of ExiTron nano 12000, the liver tumor nodules in the mice of group C could be clearly delineated by Micro CT imaging during a 56 days observa-tion.Histological analysis revealed atypical hyperplasia, enlarged nuclei with hyperchromasia and cell necrosis in the tumors.Conclusions An in vivo imaging method was established to non-invasively visualize mouse liver using micro-CT combined with nanoparticle-based contrast agent and this technology may be applied to a live imaging of murine primary liv-er tumors.

Object To establish an induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and compare it with db/db mouse model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes.To evaluate the two mouse models objectively, and provide an experimental basis for the choice of animal model and its practical application in diabetes studies.Methods A mouse model of induced type 2 diabetes was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet for four weeks and taking daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin ( STZ) for consecutive 3 days.Four weeks after infection, the gross appearance of kidney and liver of the mice was assessed, glucose tolerance was tested, serum biochemical indices and expression of se-rum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were assayed, and were compared with those of the db/db mouse models of spontaneous type 2 diabetes.Results Obvious differences were found in the kidneys and liver gross appearance of the two types of mouse models and the control group.Both the two groups showed significant differences in the blood glu-cose levels at each time point (P＜0.05) and low glucose tolerance function, but there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels of the two types of mouse models.Compared with the control group, the serum biochemical indices GLU, GHOL and LDLC of the two types of mouse models were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Meanwhile, the blood lipid level of the mouse model of induced type 2 diabetes was higher than that of the db/db mouse models of spontaneous type 2 diabetes.In comparison of immune indices, except IL-2,the serum cytokine levels of the two types of mouse models were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of db/db mice were higher than those in the mouse models of induced type 2 diabetes, and the IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-αalso had obvious differences.Conclusions Both the two types of mouse models of type 2 diabetes successfully simulate the human diabetes to some extent, but there are still certain differences according to different etiology of diabetes.We would suggest that peo-ple may take our data as reference and chose appropriate mouse models according to the requirement of their research.

To study the effects of ouabain on the inner ear glial cells, and to lay the foundation for the study of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.Methods Sixty adult female SPF grade CBA / J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each group.Animals in the experimental group received 3mM ouabain via the round window membrane, while mice in control group received normal saline.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after the administration,respectively.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to detect the inner ear glial cells in spiral ganglion.Results Some inner ear glial cells survived in the spiral ganglion of the experimental group, while with decreased numbers and disorganized structure compared to those of in the control group.Comparing to those of in the control group, the number and density of inner ear glial cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased from 7 days afterouabain administration,further decreased at 14 days and reduced to the lowest at 30 days after ouabain administration, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Among the experimental group, the number of inner ear glial cells at 30 days was significantly decreased when compared to those of at 7 days and 14 days, respectively.Conclusion Application of ouabain to mouse inner ear via the round window membrane leads to an acute and progressive direct damage to the inner ear glial cells in the spiral ganglion.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; Infection Control ; instrumentation ; methods ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suction ; Tracheostomy ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Adult stem cells are the multi-potential cells, which exist in fetal and adult tissues. It can reproduce itself (undergo self-renewal) or give rise to more specialized (differentiated) cells. Under certain inducing conditions, adult stem cells can acquire the ability to differentiate into different tissue cells. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC), an alternative name of adult stem cell given by Catherine Verfaillie, existing in bone marrow, can differentiate into cells with characteristics of mesodermal, neuroectodermal, and endodermal lineages in vitro at the single-cell level. MAPC can also contribute to most cell types when injected into the blastocyst. Adult stem cell differentiation implies that different cell lineages are derived from a single initial cell; all differentiated cell types are functional in vitro and in vivo; and engraftment is robust and persistent in the physiological and pathological situations. The possible mechanisms may underlie the differentiation: various tissue-specific stem cells are present in different organs; adult stem cells would be reprogrammed when removed from their usual microenvironment and introduced into a different niche that imparts signals to activate a novel genetic program needed for the new cell fate. And true multi-potential stem cells persist in postnatal life. In the future, multi-potent adult stem cells might then be used for therapies of degenerative or genetic disorders of multiple different organs.
Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation