In this work, we used dual-polarization interferometry to explore the binding events between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP-binding aptamer (ABA) at solid-liquid interface.The single-stranded ABA was immobilized onto the chip surface.After the addition of ATP, the real-time and label-free technique for detailed investigation of their interactions were reflected on the changes of the mass, thickness, and density through DPI.By analysis of the binding curves from changes in mass, the association rate constant (ka, 4.66×10.3 L/(mol·s), dissociation rate constant (kd, 1.70 × 10.-2 s.-1), dissociation constant (KA, 2.7 × 10.5 L/mol), and association constant (KD, 3.7 × 10.-6 mol/L) were precisely determined.Moreover, good linear correlations between ATP concentrations and three parameters (mass, thickness, density) resolved by the response to ATP binding were obtained.The detection limits (LOD, 3σ) were 0.22 μmol/L for mass calibration, 0.14 μmol/L for thickness calibration, and 0.32 μmol/L for density calibration.We expect that this DPI-based aptasensor can be utilized to study the interactions of functional ABA with ATP, and also can be used for the detection of ATP with high sensitivity.

Vegetarian and mixed diets, supplying about 3000 Cal. and 8,5 gms. of protein daily, were given alternately to 6 adult men of 22-34 years old. In the vegetarian diet, composed of cereals, legumes and vegetables, about 20% of the total protein were supplied by the legumes. In the mixed diet, the legumes and part of the cereals of the above were replaced by meats, eggs and milk, furnishing about 50% of the total protein. The experiment consisted of 5 consecutive periods of 10 days each in the first three periods and 5 days each in the last two.Urinary nitrogen excretion of the experimental subjects during the period on vegetarian diet was lower than that on mixed diet. When the diet was changed from vegetarian to the mixed ration, urinary nitrogen remained low in the first two days and increased from the third day. However, when the change of diet was reversed, there was an immediat'e decrease of nitrogen excretion. The nitrogen balance was in favour of the vegetarian diet.The essential amino acid contents of the vegetarian diet were lower than that of the mixed diet. Therefore, better utilization of the protein in the vegetarian diet cannot be satisfactorily explained by essential amino acid index. With adequate caloric intake, 85 gms. of protein supplied daily either by vegetarian or by mixed diet may maintain nitrogen balance and protein storage in adult man.

Objective To investigate the value of intraoperative neuromonitoring(IONM) for preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) injury in thyroid surgery.Methods 1087 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery at Wuhan Central Hospital from Oct 2010 to Dec 2012 were evaluated.277 cases(the study group) underwent thyroidectomy with RLN identification by naked eye plus IONM.810 cases(the control group)underwent thyroidectomy with RLN identification by naked eye only.Results In the control group,733 RLNs (90.49％,733/810)were successfully identified and 77 RLNs were failed to be identified.In the study group,all the 277 RLNs(100％,277/277)were successfully identified.28 cases had postoperative temporal RLN injury,among whom 26 cases were in the control group and 2 cases were in the study group.18 cases in the control group and 2 cases in the study group recovered in 2 weeks after surgery.The rest recovered in 2 months after surgery.RLN injury rate was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group.There was no significant difference in RLN injury for low-risk surgical patients between the 2 groups; however,the study group had advantages in RLN injury than the control group for high-risk patients.Conclusions IONM in thyroid surgery can improve the recognition rate of RLN during thyroidectomy.IONM can significantly reduce the incidence of RLN injury,especially in high-risk surgery.

With the progess in studying gene structure and function of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), FMDV can express exogenous genes in different sites. Through transforming and modifying FMDV can achieve different application purposes such as improving virus titer, introducing tag, improving immune responses, and reducing pathogenicity. From the perspective of FMDV receiving inserted exogenous gene, this paper mainly describes the latest relevant developments of FMDV's expression to exogenous gene.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Mutagenesis, Insertional

Objective To invesitgate the relationship between 8-iseprostane (8-iso-PG) level in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) and severity of asthma and explore the role of 8-iso-PG in asthma evaluation and monitoring.Methods Fifty-nine patients with asthma were enrolled.In which 15 eases were acute exacerbation, 13 eases were mild intermittent, 15 eases were mild persistent, and 16 eases were mederate-to-severe persistent.Thirteen healthy volunteers were recruited as control.EBCs were collected using EeoSereen system.The 8-iso-PG levels in EBCs were measured by a specific enzyme immunoassay.The patients with mild intermittent asthma were treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for one month and their EBCs were recollected for 8-iso-PG measurement.Results Exhaled 8-iso-PG levels were obviously increased in the patients with acute asthma compared with those chronic asthmatics [(47.2±6.8) pg/mL vs (24.5±12.0) pg/mL, P < 0.01].In the chronic persistent asthma, the levels were significantly higher in patients with mild persistent and moderate-to-severe asthma [(17.9±1.2) pg/mL and (39.7±4.0) pg/mL, P <0.01].While 8-iso-PG level did not differ significantly in intermittent asthma [(13.5±1.1) pg/mL] compared with the control subjects (P > 0.05).After one-month ICS treatment the 8-iso-PG level in the patients with mild intermittent asthma did not change significantly although the ACT score improved.Conclusions 8-iso-PG levels in EBC are associated with the severity of asthma,implicating 8-iso-PG may be useful in monitoring airway oxidative stress in asthma.ICS treatment is incapable of decreasing the 8-iso-PG,suggesting the ICS has minor impact on oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the changes of hematoma and perihematomal edema in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs),as well as the correlation between blood pressures and perihematomal edemaMethods A total of 24 6-month-old male SHRs were included.They were randomly divided into intracerebral hemorrhage 1-,3-,5-,and 7-day groups (n =6 in each group).Blood pressure was determined by tail-cuff sphygmomanometry.Collagenase Ⅳ was injected into caudate nucleus in order to induce a model of intracerebral hemorrhage.Magnetic resonance T2 weighted imaging was used to observe hematoma and perihematomal edema.Results On day 1 after modeling,the blood pressure was decreased significantly compared to that before modeling,and it was elevated gradually on day 3.Parallel profile test showed that the overall profile was parallel between the change rate of blood pressure and the change rate of perihematomal edema volume (F =2.820,P =0.063).The coincident profile test showed that both the overall profiles did not coincide (F =10.961,P =0.000).The change rate of systolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with the change rate of perihematomal edema volume (r =0.527,P =0.024) and the change rate of perihematomal edema volume (r =0.755,P =0.000) showed a significant positive correlation.Conclusions Brain edema appeared and expanded rapidly on the day of intracerebral hemorrhage in SHRs.It reached the peak on day 3,and then dissipated gradually.The blood pressure decreased significantly on day 1 after intracerebral hemorrhage,and it began to increase from day 3 till day 7.The changing trends of the blood pressure and perihematomal edema volume were parallel to each other,and the change rate of systolic blood pressure and the change rate of perihematomal edema volume showed a positive correlation.

The inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) derived from allicin on in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the action mechanism, and the influence of DAS on invasive capability of MG-63 cells were investigated in order to search for the novel medicines for osteosarcoma. In the in vitro experiment, MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of DSA, and the morphological changes of MG-63 cells were observed under an inverted phase microscope. MTT method was used to assay the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression level in MG-63 cells. By using Transwell invasion assay, the influence of DAS on invasive ability of MG-63 cells was tested. In the in vivo experiment, the nude mice MG-63 cells tumor-bearing model was established, and different concentrations of DAS were injected beside the tumor. Twenty-one days after treatment, the mice were killed, the tumor size and tumor inhibition rate were calculated. The microvessel density (MVD) was determined by using immunohistochemistry. In the in vitro experiment, different concentrations of DAS could obviously inhibit proliferation of MG-63 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA in DSA groups (different concentrations) were significant reduced as compared with those in control group (all P<0.05). Transwell invasion assay indicated that in 20 and 40 μg/mL DAS groups, the number of migratory cells was 91.4±8.3 and 81.8±7.4 respectively, which was significantly declined as compared with that in control group (150.4±14.7, both P<0.05). In the in vivo experiment, DAS could significantly suppress the growth of MG-63 tumor-bearing tissue. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that different concentrations (20 and 40 μg/mL) of DAS could significantly decrease MVD of MG-63 tumor-bearing tissue (all P<0.05). It was suggested that DAS could inhibit the growth of MG-63 cells probably by suppressing the expression of VEGF mRNA.

TiO2 coated hollow fiber ( HF) was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption performances of the self-prepared TiO2 coated HF for interest metal ions were explored. The sample solution was extracted for 30 min at pH 8. 0 under stirring at speed of 700 r/min, then desorpted with 100μL of 1 mol/L HNO3 . On the basis of this, a method combining TiO2 coated HF micro-solid phase extraction with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) was developed for the determination of trace metal ions in environmental water samples. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection obtained by the proposed method were 0. 039, 0 . 021 , 0 . 009 and 0 . 018 ng/mL for CrⅢ, CuⅡ, CdⅡ and PbⅡ with enrichment factors of 12 . 5 , 11 . 7 , 10. 3 and 18. 6, respectively. The preparation reproducibility of self-prepared TiO2 coated HF ranged from 4. 5% to 6. 8% (n=9) in one batch, and from 7. 7% to 9. 6% (n=7) in batch-to-batch. The developed method has been validated by analyzing a certified reference material ( GSBZ50009-88 200925 ) and also applied to the analysis of CrⅢ, CuⅡ, CdⅡ and PbⅡ in East Lake water and snow water successfully. Meanwhile, TiO2 coated HF stir bar was prepared for a comparison and it was demonstrated that TiO2 coated HF displayed higher extraction efficiency and adsorption capacity for target ions.

Hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice, coagulopathy, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and with a high mortality rate of 65% to 93%. It involves significant ethical issues when a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study is conducted to such a serious disease. Therefore, a prospective cohort study design was utilized to explore a new treatment modality of applying integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.