In this article,the author introduced their experiences,investigated the importance,connotation,and strategy of aesthetic education to the medical students and put forward some suggestions on aesthetic education in medical education in order to cultivate multiple qualifications of medical students.

The impact of market economy and the pressure of professional title upgrading have posed an effect on the psychology and behavior of clinic research personnel in their research activities.Clinic research personnel should positively modify their think- ing,regulate their scientific behavior and recognize correctly the guidance of their research in medical field so as to play and im- portant role as a motivation to the improvement of medical level and the whole development of the science.

Humanity quality is the essential manifestation of general characters such as hu-man knowledge and human spirit.In this article,we investigated the importance,meanings and measures of the education of humanity quality in medical teaching in order to reinforce the education of humanity quality of medical students and train excellent medical talents with advanced professional technology,magnificent professional ethics and healthy mental quality.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Danhong injection in the treatment of cerebral infarction.A total of 27 randomized controlled trials were retrieved from the literature and analyzed by Meta-analysis with RevMan 5.0 software.All were at level B or above after quality assessment.The clinical efficacy of Danhong injection was better than that of the control group in the treatment of cerebral infarction( RR =1.21,95％ CI:1.17 - 1.26 ).After the administration of Danhong injection,the score of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIHSS) and hemorrheologic indices were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜0.01 ).There was no obvious adverse reaction.The clinical efficacy and safety of Danhong injection have marked advantages over Danshen and Fufang Dansheng injection in the treatment of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of nurses' cognition to premature parents' health education demands,so as to provide reference for nursing leaders to take intervention.Methods 59 NICU nurses from two hospitals in Guangzhou and Shenzhen were chosen by convenience sampling.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate.Results A total of 56 questionnaires was recovered,with a rate of 94.92％.NICU nurses perceived the degree of parents total education demands was (3.20±0.48) points.The demands of knowledge about diseases progress and related diagnosis and nursing were high,reaching (3.33±0.47) points.Breast feeding got the highest score,(3.53±0.69)points.Ed-ucation,professional ranks,post of nurses had no correlation with total score,but ages and length of service were negatively correlated with general demand,mental nursing and social support.Conclusions NICU nurses value premature parents' health education,and nursing leaders should take interventions to prevent occurrence of job burnout.

In recent years,experts of international nephrology,emergency medicine and other disciplines tend to substitute acute kidney injury for acute renal failure.There is a new point of view about the definition,diagnostic criteria,staging,management and prognosis of acute kidney injury.With diagnostic criteria constantly updated,it comes up to an expectation of united criteria as well as reaching a consensus.Continuously looking for more suitable for both time window of clinical diagnosis and clinical observation indicators,and clinically making out much more scientific and reasonable standard of diagnosis and staging,which contribute to early detection and early intervention as a result of eventually mortality rate reduction.This paper gives an interpretation for the procedure of evolution about diagnostic criteria on acute kidney injury in children according to the related literatures updated in recent years.

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common critical syndrome involving multidisciplinary among pediatric clinical disorders.Early identification and early intervention in severe cases with kidney damage,which can reduce mortality and improve prognosis.Renal replacement therapy(RRT) is an important means in the treatment of AKI,but there is still lacking of ideal and general modality and doses of RRT at present.Understanding the risks and benefits of each modality of RRT in the treatment of AKI is helpful to evaluate RRT's influence on the prognosis of children in AKI.Therefore the selection of modality of RRT should clinically be based on hospital conditions and specific patient characteristics,in order to assure that the choice of modality of RRT is the most suitable for the individual.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of epinephrine in intestinal injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.MethodsFifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n =10 pet group ):saline control group received intravenous infusion of 0.9％ saline 2.4 ml/( kg· h) ;LPS group received intravenous injection of LPS 6 mg/kg;small-dose,medium-dose,and large-dose epinephrine treatment group received an intravenous infusion of epinephrine 0.12 μg/(kg· min),0.3 μg/( kg· min),and 0.6 μg/( kg· min)after LPS 6 mg/kg intravenous injection,respectively.Intestinal injury was evaluated by intestinal pathological examination.Blood samples were taken at 0,2 and 6 h after LPS infection,and the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.The pathological changes of intestine were observed at 24 h.ResultsPathological examination showed that LPS caused severe congestion,edema,neutrophil infiltration,hemorrhage and cell necrosis in intestine.Compared with LPS group,large-dose epinephrine ameliorated the damage of intestine.In LPS group,serum levels of TNF-α[ ( 1164 ± 145) ng/L],IL-1β[ (521 ±68) ng/L],IL-10 [ (303 ±20) ng/L] all increased compared with control group (P＜0.05)at 2 h.Compared with LPS group,serum levels of TNF-α[ (576 ± 105) ng/L] were significantly depressed (P＜0.05),whereas IL-10 was elevated at 2 h[ (424 ±29) ng/L] and6 h[ (245 ± 14) ng/L] (P＜0.05)in large-dose epinephrine treatment group.Serum IL- 1β levels were unaffected by large-dose epinephrine treatment.Small-dose and medium-dose epinephrine could not reduce the pathological injury of intestine induced by lipopolysaccharide.Compared with LPS group,levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 were also unaffected by small-dose and medium-dose epinephrine treatment ( all P＞0.05 ) at any time points.ConclusionEpinephrine reduced the intestine injury caused by LPS by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines production and up-regulate anti-inflammatory cytokines production.

[Objective] To obtain the tyrosine decarboxylase gene (tyrDC) from Aristolochia contorta Bge.and to assay its cDNA sequence and homologous analysis, thus to remove its nephrotoxieity. [Methods] The primers designed by referring to the conservative amino acid sequences of known plant tyrDC were used to amplify a fragment of cDNA from Aristolochia contorta Bge.by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplified cDNA sequence was cloned and sequenced to design a pair of specific primers and to amplify a full-length tyrDC cDNA from Aristolochia contorta Bge.by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). [Results] The length of cloned tyrDC cDNA is 1678 base pairs (bp), which comprises an open reading frame ( ORF) of 1551 bp encoding 516 amino acids and a downstream untranslated region (3'UTR) of 127 bp. The results of sequence comparison indicated that the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of tyrDC from Aristolochia contorta Bge.shares 76% homology with issued tyrosine decarboxylase of Papaver somniferum L. and 79% homology with tyrosine /DOPA decarboxylase from Thalictrum flavum subsp. glaucum. [Conclusion] The full-length tyrDC cDNA has been amplified from Aristolochia contorta Bge. and the homologous retrieve of tyrosine decarboxylase reveals an extensive sequence similarity among tyrosine decarboxylases of different plants. This will provide evidence for the romoval of nephrotoxicity of Aristolochia contorta Bge. .

[Objective] To explore the culture conditions of inducing callus from tissue of Aristolochia contorta Bge (ACB). [Methods] The leaves of ACB were used as the explants. Basic medium (including 1/2 MS medium, MS medium and modified MS medium) containing corresponding phyto-hormones was applied for the induction of ACB callus. The influerices of different culture conditions such as three kinds of basic medium, different pH values and addition of different kinds of phyto-hormones at different concentrations into the basic medium respectively or simultaneously, on the callus induction of ACB were observed. [Results] (1) After the three kinds of basic medium were added with the phytohormones of 0.1mg/L kinetin (KT) and 0.2mg/L ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) , a large amount of ACB calluses were induced in the MS medium and modified MS medium, while ACB calluses did not occur in the 1/2 MS medium. (2) When the pH value of the culture medium composed of modified MS medium and 0.1mg/L KT and 0.2mg/L NAA was at 5.8, 7.0 and 8.0, a large amount of ACB calluses were induced in the medium with pH value being 7.0 and 8.0 while a few calluses occurred in the medium with pH value being 5.8. (3) ACB calluses were induced in modified MS medium with NAA added , but calluses did not occur in modified MS medium with KT added. When the modified MS medium was added with different kinds of phyto-hormones at different concentrations, ACB calluses were loose in the medium with high-concentration NAA and this did not benefit to the differentiation of buds for too fast cell division, and the callus induction rate was low in the medium with low-concentration NAA. The optimized culture medium was modified MS medium with 1mg/L KT and 0.5mg/L NAA added. [Conclusion] The optimum culture conditions of inducing callus from ACB tissues are: MS medium or modified MS medium with 1mg/L KT and 0.5 mg/L NAA added being the culture medium, and pH value being 7.0-8.0.