The blood-brain barrier (BBB) exerts its central nervous system (CNS) protective function as it hinders the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. With the development of nanotechnology during the last thirty years, the nanocarriers for delivering drugs make it possible to transport drugs across the BBB. The brain-targeted drug delivery system usually consists of two parts: nanocarriers and brain-targeted strategies. In this review, several kinds of nanocarriers are introduced for brain-targeted drug delivery. We focus on several possible strategies for brain-targeting and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in application.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication after cardiac surgery, which leads to hemodynamics disorder, prolongs hospitalization and increases mortality. The underlying mechanisms behind POAF are associated with cardiomyocyte injury, sympathetic activation and inflammation. The prediction of POAF is based on correlated index from pre-, intra-and post-surgery. POAF can be treated by rhythm and heart rate control as well as and antithrombotic therapy.

This paper reported TLC identification of various Chinese medicines in Renshensinitang Oral Liq- uid,limit dose detection and content determination of aconitine.These methods could be available for internal quality control of Renshensinitang Oral Liquid.

Objective:To explore the Immunoprotection of gastric mucosa in newborn mice after oral immunization with inactived H.pylori.Methods:Thirty-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups, including PBS control group ( groupⅠ) ,the group of inactivated H.pylori ( groupⅡ) , the group of inactivated H.pylori and Escherichia cole heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit( LTB) ( groupⅢ) ,and normal group( groupⅣ).Newborn BLAB/c mice within 24 hours were immunized through oral gavage with corresponding antigen,Two weeks after final immunization,the mice were challenged with 1×108CFU live H.pylori strain SS1, twice once day,for 2 days.The twenty-eighth day post-challenge,all of mice were sacrificed and stomachs were removed for grades of in-flammation and The counting of H.pylori colonizing.Results:The mean scores of stomach tissue inflammation of groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣwere 2.25±0.46,2.12±0.35,1.5±0.53,0.25±0.46,respectively,and the score of inflammatory activity of the above four groups were 2.12±0.35,2.12±0.35,1.37±0.52,0.25±0.46.Among these four groups,the results were statistically significant between any two groups except the result between groupⅠand groupⅡ.Finally,H.pylori colonization quantity in the stomachs of groupⅢwas lower than groupⅠand group Ⅱ( P<0.05 ) , as expected, the H.pylori colonization was undetectable in group Ⅳ.Conclusion: The oral gavage with inactived H.pylori plus LTB to newborn mice may be associate with the lightening of inflammation and the decrease of H.pylori colonizing number.

Objective To measure the curvatures of the distolingual root canals of permanent mandibular first molars by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods The CBCT was used to collect 230 cases of mandibular first molar distalingual root from 513 patients. The images were created by 3-D reconstruction based on the BECT data. Images were analyzed by NNT image analysis software. Each tooth was captured in clinical (CV) and proximal view (PV) image, and measured by the Schneider method. Results The average curvature of the distallingual canal was (13.27 ± 8.57)° in CV, and (30.96 ± 11.63)° in PV. Most of the distallingual root in the buccolingual view was mild bending or moderate bending , and the proximal view was severe bending. The distal lingual root bending was the most common in the crown third of the root , next in the apical third of the root, in the middle third of the root. Conclusion CBCT is an effective tool for the detection of additional distolingual roots and is a valuable aid for dentists in root canal treatment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the stent-assisted coil embolization for the treatment of wide-necked anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. Methods From November 2011 to November 2014, the clinical data of the patients with wide-necked ACoA aneurysms treated by using the stent-assisted coil embolization were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and radiographic effects were summarized. The perioperative complications were focused on. Results The ACoA wide-neck aneurysms of 29 patients were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. Two of them abandoned the interventional treatment because of stents could not be in place and release. The immediate results of interventional treatment showed that 21 were embolized completely (78% ), 5 were near totaly embolized (19% ), and 1 was partialy embolized (3% ). Three patients had intraoperative thrombosis (recanalization achieved after thrombosis, one of them died of cerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis). One patient suffered cerebral angiospasm, one had aneurysm rupture, and one had distal rupture of the anterior cerebral artery. Twenty-seven patients received clinical folow-up, and the folow-up time ranged from 2 to 36 months (mean 17 months). None of the patients had hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Sixteen patients received imaging folow-up, and the folow-up ranged from 6 to 12 months (mean 7 months). None of the aneurysms had recurrence. Conclusions Stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-necked ACoA aneurysm is overal feasible, safe, and effective although there are certain risks.

Objective To investigate the role of HMGA2 expression and epithelial to mesenchymal cell transformation in the regulation of TGF -β1 in human gastric cancer cells .Methods Human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 was treated by TGF-β1 at different time points(0,3,6,24,48,72 h).We observed the changes in cell morphology of SGC-7901 through the microscope;HMGA2 assay,E-cadherin,Vimentin protein expression wereperformedbyWesternblot;cellinvasioncapabilitywasanalyzedbytranswellchamberassay.Results (1) With the prolonged duration of action of TGF -β1,SGC-7901 changes in cell morphology ,cells gradually be-came longer and larger.(2)In the role of TGF-β1,gastric cancer cells SGC -7901 are varying degrees of HM-GA2 expression and E -cadherin、Vimentin.HMGA2 protein begun to express from 0h to 6hrs.and HMGA2 pro-tein became the strongest at 6hrs and decreased slightly from 24hrs.E-cad protein expression at 0h begun at 3hrs highest expression ,and the reduction started from 3hrs.Vimentin protein was the highest at 48hrs then gradu-ally decreased.Conclusion In the TGF-β1 induced the process of epithelial to mesenchymal cell transforma-tion in gastric cancer cells SGC -7901 ,HMGA2 protein play an important role .HMGA2 can be used as snail pro-moter,combined with Smads ,promotes the process of epithelial -mesenchymal transformation .HMGA2 may also be regulated by Wnt /β-Catenin signaling pathway on growth and apoptosis of tumor cells .

Tumor metastasis and invasion of cancer are the leading causes of death in patients .The processes of tumor metastasis and invasion involves a variety of factors in which epithelial -to-myofibroblast transition( EMT) plays an important role .Transcription factor Snail as EMT of tumor cell key regulator has played an important role .Through the study of Snail regulating EMT of tumor cell signaling pathways will help us under -stand the mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis better and provide a basis for finding effective targets .

Objective To investigate the value of procalcitonin in guiding the antibiotic use in acute exacerbation of chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) .Methods A total of 184 patients with AECOPD in our hospital from March 2014 to Sep-tember 2015 were selected and divide into two groups by the random number table method .Ninety-two cases in the control group received the antibiotic therapy according to clinical experience .Ninety-two cases in the observation group was implemented the anti-biotic therapy according to serum procalcitonin level .Results Compared with before treatment ,the procalcitonin level after treat-ment in the observation group was decreased significantly (P<0 .05) .The procalcitonin level after treatment ,occurrence rate of a-cute exacerbation within six months and re-hospitalization rate within six months in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0 .05) .The antibiotic use time ,antibiotic expenses ,hospitalization time and hospitalization cost in the obser-vation group were less than those in the control group(P<0 .05) .The total effective rate and hospitalization mortality rate had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Serum procalcitonin is significantly increased in the patients with AECOPD .Procalcitonin can be used for the optimized use of antibiotics .

Objective To investigate the MRI characteristics of the tumor of optic pathway and damage degree of visual function. Methods Analysis of 119 cases surgically and pathologically proved tumor suffering from optic pathway was carried out retrospectively. The patients included:36 ones with tumors in anterior segment of optic pathway,70 ones in middle segment of optic pathway,and 13 ones in posterior segment of optic pathway. The MRI examination series were transverse T 1WI SE,transverse and coronal T 2WI TSE,coronal T 2WI SPIR,and transverse,sagittal,coronal T 1WI SE after Gd DTPA enhancement. Results The tumors of optic pathway included:the primary tumors of the optic pathway and the tumors of any other part of the body which invaded the optic pathway. There was a special MRI feature on the each tumor suffering from optic pathway,but the pituitary adenoma which affects visual function was the most common tumor. Conclusion MRI is an effective method in the diagnosis of optic pathway tumor.