Lithium(Li) salt is. a kind of effective drug commonly used in the treatment and prevention of mental disorders, but its active mechanism is still not well understood. Getting on for twenty years, many research have been reported on relationship between Li salt and second messenger system, especially the effect of Li salt on adenylate cyclase. Identical result is not obtained and there are few reports on brain calmodulin (CaM) activity change by Li salt. The aim of present expcri- ment is to determine the content of CaM in raet brain by phosphodiesterase (PED) method after chronic application of Li salt and discuss preliminary the molecular mechanism of Li salt action. The result showed that marked change has happened in the content of CaM in rat brain after chronic application of Li salt. It is ins-plied that Li salt brings its action into play probably by changing the content of CaM in rat brain

Thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) production in vitro by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) was measured by ELISA technique. PBMC from patients with AITD could synthesize and secret detectable amount of TGA. The average positive rate of TGA production in vitro was 31.25%. PBMC from the patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) could produce TGA more easily than that from the patients with Graves'disease (GD). The average positive rate was 44.19% in HT and 16.22% in GD. Pokeweed mitogen could increase TGA production, but soluable thyroglobulin could not stimulate TGA synthesis and secretion. Antithyroid drug methi-mazole had some inhibition effect on TGA production in vitro. A significant positive correlation between the serum TGA and the amount of TGA produced in vitro by PBMC from HT patients (r = 0.4, P

The annual incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) continually increases. New PCa immune therapy has become the fourth line antitumor treatment following surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. As the most promising research direction in cancer immunotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, block PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 and then terminate the negative control signal to the T cell, thereby facilitating T cell recovery and reversal of tumor immune-escaping mechanism. These processes restore the capability of T cells for immune response and inhibit and kill tumor cells. This review summarizes the progress on the current application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in PCa clinical trials.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment options and prognosis of duplex kidneys in children.Methods Data were retrospectively collected from all patients who were hospitalized at Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2008 to May 201 5.The surgery to retain moie-ty nephron was performed in 30 cases:1 2 cases underwent non common sheath ureter reimplantation,4 cases of the patients had common sheath ureter reimplantation,1 2 patients underwent transurethral resection of the cyst,1 case of them had pyeloureterostomy,and the other patients underwent lower -pole pyeloplasty.Removal of renal moiety was performed in 52 cases:43 patients underwent upper -pole heminephrectomy,8 patients underwent upper pole hemi-nephrectomy and lower -pole ureter reimplantation,and 1 case of the patients had upper -pole heminephrectomy and lower -pole ureteroplasty.Results A total of 54 cases were followed up,the follow -up rate reached 65.9%,the follow -up time lasting 2 months to 4 years,with an average time of 9.53 months.All clinical symptoms disappeared after remove moiety operation.There were small ureteral cysts but compared with the preoperative condition,the symp-toms reduced significantly in 4 cases.All clinical symptoms disappeared in patients whose nephron was retained after operation,and hydronephrosis was alleviated.De novo 2 degree of vesicoureteral reflux was found in 3 out of 1 2 pa-tients who underwent transurethral puncture of the cyst.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of duplex kidney have some characteristics which include recurrent urinary tract infection,normal intermittent voiding urine dripping, abdominal pain,urethral orifice mass,abdominal mass and aggravation of hydronephrosis.Duplex kidney is often asso-ciated with cardiac malformation and cryptorchidism.The preoperative testicular examination and echocardiography should be performed.The choice of operation depends on the clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination results and comprehensive analysis.The prognosis of duplex kidney is well,but patients need to be further followed up af-ter operation.

Objective:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the therapy for a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemi-a. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment process of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia complicated with retinoic acid syndrome after tretinoin therapy. The rational treatment plan was put forward according to the literatures,the characteristics of drugs and the general situation of the patient. Results: Promising therapeutic effect was obtained,and the patient was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists play an active role in improving rational drug use and providing better individual-ized treatment for patients.

Objective To observe curative effect of the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on anterior ischemic op?tic neuropathy(AION). Methods Patients with AION (n=78) were randomly divided into mouse NGF treatment group (treatment group):39 cases (39 eyes) and conventional treatment group (control group):37 cases (37 eyes). Patients in control group were given Actovegin 1.2 g intravenously, once a day while patients in treatment group were given 18μg mouse NGF once a day. Milton insurable were given orally at 0.5 mg, 3 times per day at both groups. Dexamethasone of 3 mg were given retrobulbarly once a day upon onset of symptoms and the extend of edema for 3 to 5 days. Rat nerve growth factor were given for consecutive14 days as a period of treatment, and the curative effect was observed after 28 days of treatment. Results In the treatment group:treatments were obviously effective in 28 eyes (71.79%), effective in 7 eyes (17.95%) and ineffective in 4 eyes (10.26%), so the total effective rate was 89.74%; In control group: treatments were obviously effective in 11 eyes (29.73%), effective in 15 eyes (40.54%) and ineffective in 11 eyes (29.73%), so the total effective rate was 70.27%. Curative effects in these 2 groups were of statistical significance (Z=3.552, P<0.05). Vision acuity and average light sensitivity in vi?sual field are better in treatment group than those control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mouse NGF is effective in the treat?ment of AION and can improve vision acuity and visual field, therefore is worth promoting.

Objective To summarize the management and diagnosis of testicular tumors in children.Methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of patients with pediatric testicular tumors, who were referred to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to December 2013 ,were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 76 prepubertal patients were diagnosed initially with a painless scrotal mass.The mean age of the patients at diagnosis ranged from 1 to 156 months[mean(32.3 ±4.4) months].There were 39 cases(51.3％) with ages of0-1 years,18 cases (23.7％) with ages of 1-3 years,10 cases (13.2％) with ages of ＞ 3-7 years,9 cases(11.8％) with ages of ＞ 7-14 years.There were 37 cases in left side and 39 cases in right.And there were 59 cases (77.6％)of benign tumors and 17 cases(22.4％)of malignant tumors.Of the benign tumors,42 cases(55.2％)were teratomas, including 34 cases of mature teratoma and 8 cases of immature teratoma;11 cases were epidermoid cyst;11 cases were other benign tumors as lymphangioma.Among the 17 cases of malignant tumors, 16 cases (21.1％) were yolk sac tumors, which were I stage;1 case was embryoma.Thirty-three patients had abnormal alpha fetoprotein (AFP)concentrations before surgery,including 9 patients with mature teratoma,7 patients with immature teratoma, 16 patients with yolk sac tumors, 1 patient with embryonal carcinoma of testis.Of the 59 cases of benign tumors,testis-sparing surgery was done in 50 tumors, the other 9 patients underwent testis-excising because of tumor severely oppressing testis.All the 17 cases of malignant tumors underwent testis-excising.There were 76 cases in the follow-up.One patient with yolk sac tumor died for pulmonary metastasis during the follow-up.Others were alive and free of tumor recurrence.Conclusions The age range of the prepubertal testicular onset was 1 year or younger, most of the tumors were benign, and the most common subtype was teratoma.AFP highly expressed in yolk sac tumors, it was help to diagnosis.Testis-sparing surgery should be performed for the benign tumors and testis-excising for the malignant tumors.

Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

Objective To observe the effects of Kinesio taping on upper limb spasticity after stroke. Methods From March to Novem-ber, 2015, 39 stroke patients were divided into Kinesio taping group (Kinesio taping and rehabilitation, n=13), white taping group (white tap-ing and rehabilitation, n=13) and blank group (rehabilitation, n=13) randomly. They were evaluated with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of upper limbs and the modified Barthel Index (MBI) before treatment, four and eight weeks after treat-ment. Results There was no significant difference among the three groups in the scores of FMA and MBI (P>0.05) four weeks after treat-ment, but the score of MAS improved more in the Kinesio taping group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The scores of MAS, FMA and MBI all improved more in the Kinesio taping group than in the other two groups (P<0.05) eight weeks after treatment. Conclusion The application of Kinesio taping can relieve upper limb spasticity, and improve motor function and activities of daily living for patients with stroke.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) are ideal seed cells for cell therapy,which have been through many long-term studies of in vitro and animal disease model treatment and have been widely used in preventing and treating a variety of clinical diseases caused by aging and other damage,including bone injury and regeneration,neural degenerative and injury,myocardial injury,liver cirrhosis,diabetes,lung disease and so on.BMSCs application in the treatment of orthopaedic disease is the most common and effective.By retrospective literature review,we summarize the BMSCs transplantation application in Orthopaedic disease treatment.As an ideal cell source,BMSCs was first applied in bone tissue engineering,mainly used in the treatment of long bone defect and bone nonunion;Recently,the research trends of clinical BMSCs application turned to treat degenerative diseases and genetic disorders because of its great potential,including osteoarthrits,femoral head necrosis,disc degeneration,spinal cord injury,knee varus,osteogenesis hypoplasia,hypophosphatasia and so on.The safety and efficacy of BMSCs treatment are the key issues in clinical cell therapy.There is no side effects and complications after BMSCs treatment,prove its clinical application is safe.But due to type and degree of disease and individual differences,therapeutic methods including injection method,effective concentrations,treatment window selection,cycle and therapeatic effects have a bigger difference.There is still no uniform of recognized operation standards for the treatment of the same type of disease.So BMSCs transplantation requires effective control during whole medical process and its application in orthopedic diseases is still lack of large-scale multicenter clinical study.Therefore,this review focuses on induction,summary and analysis in the research status of BMSCs in bone disease treatment,and provide new ideas and methods for BMSCs transplantation in orthopaedic disease prevention and treatment.