Nitric oxide(NO) is a kind of gas with the character of free radical,taking part in the generation,development and metastasis of the tumor.On the one hand,NO kills the tumor via macrophage and endothelial cells.On the other hand,NO accelerates the growth of tumor by promoting the growth of blood vessels and increasing the blood flow. Further study of NO will bring the hope of exploring the generation and development of tumors, and finding the new methods of treatment.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid in the mammal brain. Glutamate transporters perform the regulation of glutamate levels in synaptic cleft. If the glutamate transporters should not be expressed, stopped working, or gone into reverse releasing glutamate from the cytoplasm, there would be an extracellular build up of glutamate. Defective glutamate uptake has been suggested to be important in connection with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective To explore the death risk factors of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods A retrospective analysis of 66 preterm infants with severe RDS,who admitted to our NICU between January 2010 and December 2011.The patients were divided into the death group and survival group according to the ending.Results There were a total of 24 cases died (36.36％).The death group's mechanical ventilation time,the median of base excess,the minimum median of pH,PaO2/FiO2,average gestational age,average birth weight,1 minute Apgar score and 5 minute Apgar score were all lower than those of survival group (P ＜ 0.05).In death group,the median duration of FiO2 ＞ 60％,intrauterine distress,polyembryony,sore for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension version Ⅱ (SNAPPE-Ⅱ) score were all higher than those of survival group (P ＜ 0.05),but the mechanical ventilation complications had no difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Further Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors were birth weight,1 minute Apgar score and SNAPPE-Ⅱ score,OR were 0.990,0.141 and 1.240 respectively.Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the ability of SNAPPE-Ⅱ score predicting death risk showed the area under curve was 0.86,the difference was statistically significant compared with 0.5 (P =0.000).Death risk prediction showed that the demarcation point SNAPPE-Ⅱ score =24.50 corresponded to the maximum (Youden index =0.70) correct prediction effect.Condusion Independent risk factors of died from severe RDS are birth weight,1 minute Apgar score and SNAPPE-Ⅱ scores; SNAPPE-Ⅱ score predicts risk of death from severe RDS accuracy is medium,equal to 24.50 is the best accuracy to the death risk prediction.

Objective To observe effect of personalized health education on drug compliance and efficacy in patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods From October 2015 to May 2016, 100 cases with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases in each group. The contorl group was given a routine clinical health education, the observation group were received personalized health education . Awareness of disease and medication, medication compliance and satisfaction after education in the two groups were compared. Results The total awareness rate in the observation group was 96.00% (48/50), the total medication compliance rate was 94.00% (47/50), the satisfaction degree was (87.62±6.95) points. The above three indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is possible to improve the patient's awareness and adherence to disease and medication after taking the personalized health education program in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis disease clinically. It can get a better satisfaction test result.

Objective:To investigate the anatomy of mandibular incisors using microcomputed tomography(Micro-CT).Methods:62 extracted mandibular incisors were selected from dental clinic and observed by Micro-CT.The anatomy of the teeth was analyzed. Results:83.9% of mandibular incisors had a single canal,72.6% had no accessory canal.The location of the apical foramen varied considerably.The mean distance from the root apex to the major lateral apical foramen was (0.613 ±0.298)mm.Of the canals the bucco-lingual diameter were greater than the mesio-distal diameters and the root bucco-lingual canal tapers were greater than the me-sio-distal.Conclusion:The morphology data of mandibular incisors were obtained using Micro-CT.

The present study deals with the histochemistry of intramural plexus in stomach, duodenum, ileum, caecum, proximal colon, distal colon and rectum of normal adult guinea pig, including the reaction of Mg~(++)-ATPase, Ca~(++)-ATPase, CCO, SDH, G6PDH, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid and lipid in the enteric neurons. The reactions of all the enzymes mentioned above are observed under the light microscope and estimated semiquantitatively, among which, Mg~(++)-ATPase and Ca~(++)-ATPase are measured quantitatively with microphotometer (Leitz MPV II). Both results of light microscope, and microphotometer were analysed statistically. It was found that the above mentioned enzyme activities in the enteric neurons, suggesting that the neurons carry out active metabolism with these concerned enzymes. There were significant differences in some enzyme activities between myenteric plexus and submucous plexus, the former showed higher activity in SDH, while the latter in LDH, G6PDH, and two kinds of ATPase. It is suggested that there are some differences in. the major metabolic manner of carbohydrate, energy metabolism and functional activity between, two plexus. Besides, there were marked difference in enzyme activities among myenteric plexus of different part of digestive tract, the highest activity was showed in duodenum and proximal colon, the lowest was in caecum. These results indicate that enteric neurons differ greatly in functional state, but whether or not the variation of enzyme activities is related with the different types of neurons is unknown.

Objectives To investigate the changes and signiifcance of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and anti-ds-DNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in children. Methods Sixty-seven children with SLE among whom 52 children had LN were selected and 30 healthy children were selected as normal controls. The level of serum TNF-αwas measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the anti-ds-DNA antibody level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were signiifcantly higher in children with SLE or LN than those in healthy controls (P all<0.01). Furthermore, the serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were signiifcantly higher in active phase than in stationary phase of SLE and LN (P all<0.01). The serum TNF-αlevel was positively correlated with SLE disease activity index score and serum anti-ds-DNA level in 67 SLE patients (P<0.05). Conclu-sions The serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were increased in children with SLE and LN and were positively correlated with disease activity.

Objective To investigate the efficacies of conventional and modified laparoscopic gastric bypass in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2012 to October 2012 were prospectively analyzed.All the 30 patients were randomly divided into the conventional group (15 patients) and the modified group (15 patients) according to the random number table.Patients in the 2 groups received conventional and modified laparoscopic gastric bypass,respectively.The operation time,blood loss,anal exhaust time,duration of postoperative hospital stay,incidence of severe complications,postoperative 3-month body mass index (BMI),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting serum insulin (Fins),fasting serum C-peptide (FC-P) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) of the 2 groups were compared.The measurement data were analyzed using the t test,and the count data were analyzed using the Fisher exact probability.Results The operation time of the conventional group and the modified group were (141 ± 22)minutes and (113 ± 26)minutes,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =3.184,P ＜ 0.05).The volume of intraoperative blood loss,anal exhaust time,duration of postoperative hospital stay,postoperative 3-month BMI,FPG,Fins,FC-P and HbAlc were (65 ±29)ml,(2.5 ±1.2)days,(7.5 ±2.1)days,(27 ±4)kg/m2,(6.7 ±1.5)mmol/L,(18 ± 8) mU/L,(2.0 ± 0.6) μg/L and 5.8％ ± 1.5 ％ in the conventional group,and (57 ± 25) ml,(2.1 ± 1.0) days,(7.1 ± 1.9) days,(28 ± 4) kg/m2,(6.4 ± 2.0) mmol/L,(17 ± 6) mU/L,(1.9 ± 0.6) μg/L and 6.1％ ± 1.4％ in the modified group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.809,0.992,0.545,0.485,0.463,0.523,0.130,0.572,P ＞ 0.05).The levels of preoperative BMI,FPG,Fins,FC-P and HbAle of the conventional group were (31 ± 4) kg/m2,(11.3 ± 2.3) mmol/L,(13 ± 4) mU/L,(1.4 ± 0.5) μg/L and 8.6％ ± 1.0％,which were significantly different from those at 3 months after operation (t =2.304,6.615,3.109,2.920,5.997,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of preoperative BMI,FPG,Fins,FC-P and HbAlc of the modified group were (31 ±4)kg/m2,(11.9±2.4)mmol/L,(12±5)mU/L,(1.4 ±0.6) μg/L and 8.9％±0.9％,which were significant different from those at 3 months after operation (t =2.165,6.711,2.616,2.478,6.571,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The safety and short-term efficacy of modified laparoscopic gastric bypass are comparable to those of the conventional laparoscopic gastric bypass,but the operation time of the modified method is significantly shorter.

Objective To evaluate gastric bypass on relieving type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods From September 2009 to September 2010,Thirty two cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients underwent gastric bypass operation in Xijing Hospital.Preoperative FBG,2hPG,HbAlc,weight,blood pressure and fatty liver were compared with that on 1 month,6 months,12 months after operation. Result There was no significant postoperative complications.FBG on 1 month,6 months,12 months postop and preoperative level was respectively 7.8 ± 2.2,7.7 ± 2.2,7.2 ± 1.8 and 11.1 ± 2.7 ( mmol/L),P ＜ 0.05.2hPG was 10.2 ± 2.6,10.5±2.8,10.5 ±3.1 and 14.0 ±3.5 (mmoL/L),P＜0.05.HbAlc was 7.6％ ±1.4％,7.5％ ± 1.7％,7.1％ ±1.9％ and9.0％±2.3％,P＜0.05.FBG[(6.9±1.5) mmol/L],2hPG[(10.0±3.2) mmol/L] and HbAlc[ (6.9％ ± 1.9％ ) ] on 12 months after operation were lower than preoperative[ FBG ( 10.7 ± 2.9 ) mmol/L,2hPG ( 14.3 ± 4.1 ) mmol/L,HbAlc ( 8.8％ ± 2.0％ ) ] in patients with BMI ＜25 kg/m2 (P ＜ 0.05 ).In patients with preoperative BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2,FBG ( 7.5 ± 2.3 ) mmol/L,2hPG ( 11.3 ±2.9) mmol/L HbAlc (7.3％ ± 1.9％ ),12 mos pest were lower than that of preoperative levels of [FBG(11.7 ±2.3) mmol/L,2hPG(13.5 ±2.4) mmol/L,HbAlc(9.2％ ±2.7％)] (P ＜0.05).Postoperative blood pressure became normal in 5 out of 6 patients complicating preoperative high blood pressure as evaluated on 12 months after operation. Fatty liver ameliorated in 8 out of 17 patients.Conclusions Gastric bypass significantly improves glycometabolism and comorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome.Method 65 patients with Mirizzi syndrome were analysed retrospectively.Results According to Csendes typing, patients with Mirizzi syndrome included type Ⅰ in 18 patients(27 6%), type Ⅱ in 25 patients (38 4%), type Ⅲ in 13 patients(20 0%), type Ⅳin 9 patients(13 8%), all patients were healed by corresponding operation and perioperative management.Conclusions Good outcome of Mirizzi syndrome patients can be achieved by accurate diagnosis,exact operation and active perioperative management.