Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a major pathogen in both community and healthcare associated infections.The pathogenicity of staphylococcus aureus is a complex process involving a variety of extracellular and cell wall components that are coordinately expressed during different stages of infection.Accessory gene regulator (agr)-mediated quorum sensing plays a major role in staphylococcal pathogenesis.However,agr dysfunction strains exist extensively in staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.This review will mainly focus on the influence of agr dysfunction on staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation,clinical course and outcome of infectious diseases,and antibiotic resistance.

Diabetes-related macular exudation is a common fundus change associated with diabetes mellitus,charactered by hard exudates of macular area.It is one of main causes of lowing vision in diabetic patients.The incidence of diabetes-related macular exudation is increasing recent years,and therefore the diabetic maculopathy is also a matter of urgent concern.Domestic and international studies suggested that many systemic factors,such as blood glucose level,blood pressure,hypertension,higher blood lipid,inflammatory factors and genetic predisposition,exert impacts in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic retinopathy.However,whether the hard exudates of macular area also is associated with systemic factors mentioned above is unclear up to now.Since the hard exudates of diabetic maculopathy may leads to permanent loss of visual function,it is very important for us to find the effective prevent and managing approaches.This paper aimed to review the progress in this field and summarize the relevant risk factors that must be strictly controlled.

Sepsis is a complex systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection.Sepsis can deteriorate to severe sepsis,septic shock,and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Due to the use of antimicrobial agents,fluid resuscitation and the developments of all kinds of support life,the treatment of sepsis has greatly improved over the past years.However,the mortality rates of sepsis still remain high.Rapid,accurate and early diagnosis of sepsis is a key factor to lower the high mortality rate of sepsis.Recently,it has been found that some biomarkers are closely associated with early diagnosis of sepsis and are helpful for the treatment.These biomarkers for early diagnosis include presepsin(sCD14-subtype),neutrophil CD64,soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1),soluble CD163,microRNAs,copeptin,and so on.Examining these biomarkers alone or in combination will bring new opportunities for the early diagnosis of sepsis,and hopefully provide new ideas for the treatment of sepsis.This article reviews the progress on the current emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis.

Objective To investigate the authors, the institution and endemic distribution of these authors of Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, and understand the current situation and problems in the field of Orthopaedics. Methods The authors, the co-authors and the core authors of papers published in Chinese Journal of Orthopedics from 2005 to 2009 were quantitatively analyzed using literature search through CMCI.The distribution of institution, region and highly quantitative organization were also analyzed. Results The 1182 papers were published by the Journal within 5 years. There were 1108 papers with one or more co-authors; the cooperative rate and degree were 93.74% and 5.02, respectively. 74 papers were written by single author, which accounted for 6.26% of all papers. 615 authors (75.18% of all first authors) published only one paper. There were 295 (24.96%) papers from 67 (8.19%) core authors. 601 (50.85%) papers were from 20 high-productivity institutes. The top three high-productivity institutes were Tianjin hospital, Beijing Jishuitan hospital and Nanjing Drum Tower hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. The number of papers were 89 (7.53%), 75 (6.35%) and 43 (3.64%), respectively. The number of papers from the teaching hospital,provincial or municipal hospitals, military hospitals were 722 (61.08%), 226 (19.12%) and 157 (13.28%),respectively. According to the distribution of Province, Beijing was the first of place with 264 (22.34%) papers, followed by Shanghai by 160 (13.54%) papers and Tianjin by 136 (11.51%) papers. The distribution range of the authors has been expanded to five countries. Conclusion The influence of the Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics has greatly increased. Authors of the Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics have a highly cooperative rate. There is a group of active and talented core authors who has a great influence on the journal. But the number of core authors and the papers published by core authors need to be expanded.

This article introduces the classifications of medical devices by FDA and EU and compares them with the situation in China. Towards the problems found, several reasonable advices are put forward.
China ; Durable Medical Equipment ; classification

This article described the current status of problems in quality and safety in TCM industry. It also emphatically discussed the quality and safety control in TCM production process. In addition, this article used the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system to conduct a hazard analysis on TCM production process and determined the critical control points, and carried out the corresponding control measures, with a purpose to realize effective regulation and control of hazard factors and ensure TCM quality and safety.

Objective: To explore the relationship between ERCC 1, Ki67, PCNA expression with anthracycline chemotherapeutic drugs′sensitivities in breast cancer tissues.Methods:The ERCC1,Ki67,PCNA expression in 93 breast cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The efficacy of chemotherapy was observed and the difference of anthracycline chemotherapy effect among patients with different ERCC 1,Ki67,PCNA expression was compared.Results:The positive rate of ERCC1 was 65.59%,the positive rate of Ki67 was 69.89%,the positive rate of PCNA was 64.52%.The total effective rate of ERCC 1-positive group was 50.82%,and ERCC1-negative group was 84.38%.In Ki67-positive group,the effective rate of patients in 25%-50%intensity was 73.68%, the effective rate of patients in 50%-75% intensity was 85.71%, the effective rate of patients in >75%intensity was 88.89%, and Ki67-negative group was 60.71%.In PCNA-positive group , the effective rate of patients in 25%-50%intensity was 52.94%, the effective rate of patients in 50%-75% intensity was 62.07%, the effective rate of patients in >75%intensity was 71.43%, and PCNA-negative group was 81.82%.These differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.01 ,P<0.05 , P<0.05).Conclusion: There are correlations between ERCC1,Ki67,PCNA expression with anthracycline chemotherapeutic drugs′sensitivity of patients with breast cancer.Combined detection of multi-factor in clinical is more helpful for the selection of chemotherapy drugs and the formulation of chemotherapy regimen.

Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) inhibitors have the anti-tumor ettect,which have been known early.The traditional mTOR inhibitors include rapamycin and its derivatives,which have been applied in clinical use early.Nowadays,some new small molecule inhibitors such as the PI3K/mTOR duel inhibitor,Torinl,one after another are found to play a unique role in the tumor therapy.

Acute leukemia (AL) is a malignant disease of clonal hematopoietic stem cell abnormalities.Chemotherapy is the main method for the treatment of AL,but the chemotherapy drug resistance has become a major obstacle to successful treatment.There is often a series of drug cooccurrence of drug resistance,and that is multidrug resistance.

Objective To investigate the moderator of children' s perceptions quality of parental involvement on parenting style and children' s sport expectancy-value beliefs.Methods 595 students of grade 2 to 6 from five elementary schools were chosen and analyzed.Data were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software packet using independent sample t test,One-Way ANOVA,correlation analysis and hierarchical regression statistical analysis of regulation.Results Children' s expectancy beliefs was predicted by authoritarian and behavior encouragement(β=0.076,t =2.35,P=0.019 ;β =0.111,t =3.748,P =0.000).Children' s value beliefs was predicted by affect -warmed and behavior encouragement (β =0.070,t =2.883,P =0.004 ;β =0.070,t =2.745,P =0.006).Children' s sport behavior was predicted by trust-encouragement(β=0.294,t=3.193,P=0.001).The prediction of expectancy beliefs was significant positive by the interaction between indulgence and time involvement (β=0.078,t =2.065,P =0.039).The prediction of expectancy beliefs was significant negative by the interaction between authoritarian and time involvement(β=-0.084,t =-2.454,P=0.014).The prediction of expectancy beliefs was borderline significant positive by the interaction between neglecting and equipment provision(β=0.073,t =1.94,P =0.053).Conclusion Different parenting styles are significant predicators of children sport involvement.Children' s perceptions quality of parental involvement play an important role on parenting style and children' s sport expectancy-value beliefs.