BACKGROUND: The heart rate adjusted ST segment criteria(Delta ST/HR index and rate-recovery loop or R-R loop) compared to standard ST segment criteria may improve the ability of the exercise electrocardiogram for the prediction of severe coronary artery disease and future cardiac events in patients with chronic angina pectoris, but the predictive value of these criteria for predicting these issues has not been studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: 64 patients with first uncomplicated myocardial infarction were studied. All patients performed predischarge(mean 8+/-4 days) symptom-limited exercise test and coronary angiography(mean 11+/-15 days). During the follow-up period(mean 449+/-273 days), the occurrence of the major cardiac events(death, reinfarction, coronary artery bypass surgery) and minor cardiac event(angina, heart failure) were recorded, and then univariate and multivariate analysis of several clinical and exercise variables known to be as prognostic markers were performed. RESULTS: The results are as follows : 1) The sensitivities of Delta ST/HR index and R-R loop(92%, 83% respectively) for predicting multivessel disease showed no significant difference compared to that of standard ST segment criteria(83%). 2) Major cardiac events occurred in 12(20%) of 64 patients and only single independent predictive factor for its prediction was multivessel coronary artery disease(p=0.0001), whereas total cardiac event occurred in 32(50%), multivessel disease(p=0.003), and maximal workload <5mets(p=0.038). 3) For the prediction of total cardiac event, DeltaST/HR index and R-R loop(all 97%) were significantly more sensitive(p<0.05) than standard ST segment criteria(78%), and there was a tendency to increase in specificity in R-R loop(84%) compared to DeltaST/HR index(59%) or standard ST segment criteria(66%). 4) The negative predictive value of all negative test of three ST segment criteria for predicting total cardiac event was 100%. CONCLUSION: Although the heart rate-adjusted ST segment criteria have no advantage over standand ST segment criteria for the prediction of severe coronary artery disease, they can be more useful prognostic markers by enhancing the accuracy of the predischarge exercise electrocardiogram for the prediction of subsequent cardiac events after a first acute myocardial infarction.
Angina Pectoris ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The purpose of this study was to survey bacteria which was known as a fecal bacteria living in the human and animal gastro and intestinal tract. The colony density of the fecal coliform and fecal streptococci was 280 and 130 in 100ml sample amounts respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is usually exist in swimming pool and was known as indicator of the pool water contamination was detected.
Animals ; Bacteria* ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Rivers* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Swimming Pools

An epidemiological study is to observe and analyse 100 cases of lung cancer in Korean, which had been diagnosed actually at the general hospitals in Korea from 1970 through 1974, to discover the tendency of the lung cancer by sex, age, occupation, duration of clinical symptoms before diagnosis, site of cancer in lung, size of cancer, occurrence, treatment, prognosis, smoking and pathological findings as follows. 1. Males were affected 5.7 times more than females, the peak incidence of lung cancer were 50 years old age group. 2. The occupations of the cases were commerce, agriculture, industry, laborers and teachers, etc. in thht order. 3. The average duration symptoms from onset to diagnosis were 5.5 months. 4. The cancers were affected more right side than left side of the lungs, Particularly the most of them were affected in the upper lobes of the lungs. 5. The average diameter of the tumors was 5.5crX6.5cm, However the largest of them was 10cm X 13cm. 6. The most cases of the lung cancers were occurred primarily. 7. Out of the 100 cases, 58 cases had no treatment, 23 cases had palliative-symptomatic treatment, of cases by special chemo-therapy, 7 cases by surgery, and 5 cases by cobalt 60 or X-gay. 8. In the view point of prognosis, the most cases of the lung cancers died within one year atfer diagnosis. 9. The smoking was one of the causative factor of lung cancer, but there was no significant diferentiation by means of the amount of smoking. 10. The most cases of the lung cancers diangosed histo-pathologically, were epidermoid(squamous) type.
Agriculture ; Cobalt ; Commerce ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Prognosis ; Smoke ; Smoking

To evaluate the changes of Doppler echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular(LV) filling in hypertensive subjects, 34 patients(M : F=17 : 17) with and without LV hypertrophy and 19 healthy, age-matched control subjects(M : F=10 : 9) were examined by M-mode, 2 dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. From the Doppler recording, A2 D(time from second heart sound to the onset of early diastolic mitral flow), peak velocity at early diastole(E) and late diastole(A), ratio of E to A velocity, diastolic filling times, early diastolic deceleration rate(EDDR) and flow velocity integral(FVI) were measured. In the patients without LV hypertrophy, A2 D only was significantly prolonged(127+/-21 vs 83+/-24 msec P<0.01) as compared with the normal subjects, but the patients with LV hypertrophy had more prolonged A2 D(149+/-31 vs 83+/-24 msec P<0.01), higher late diastolic peak velocity(A : 0.58+/-0.17 vs 0.47+/-0.09m/sec, P<0.01) and lower E/A velocity ratio(0.95+/-0.19 vs 1.24+/-0.29, P<0.01) than the normal subjects. There was a significant correlation between A2 D and LV muscle mass index in entire patients with hypertension(r=0.42P<0.01). These data suggest that A2D is the earliest parameter indicating abnormality of LV diastolic function and E/A ratio is not likely to be a definite index of LV diastolic dysfunction but rather be a reliable index of LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with preserved LV systolic funtion.
Deceleration ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Hypertrophy

Coronary spasm may be induced by a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli but specific receptor blockade has not been consistently shown to prevent the attacks. Most patients with variant angina respond well to treatment with calcium antagonists and nitrates. A small proportion of patients are refractory to this therapy. We report a case of the patient with a 9-year-history of variant angina who has been refractory to high doses of calcium antagonists and nitrates. The repeated addition of clonidine was consistently effective in abolishing both symptoms and objective evidence of myocardial ischemia in this particular patient.
Calcium ; Clonidine* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nitrates ; Spasm

We are calling the erupting ground water as drug water or mineral water in Korea and thinking those water and food making water. Authors tried to investigate the evidence of contamination by user on the 10 erupting ground water and gained following results: 1. All of the mineral waters on 10 area in Seoul were unfittable to drinking water standard. 2. In the view of the bacteriology 80% were contaminated by coliform group. 3. The highest value of the free carbon dioxide contents were 652.96 ppm at Sam Sun Mineral Water.
Bacteriology ; Carbon Dioxide ; Drinking Water ; Groundwater ; Korea ; Mineral Waters* ; Seoul* ; Solar System ; Thinking ; Water

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone age and hand anomaly in Down syndrome patients. We reviewed radiographs in 52 children and youths with Down syndrome, aged from 2 to 23 years. The characteristic findings of hand anomaly were observed in the middle phalanx of the fifth finger, with the following incidence; brachymesophalangia (44%), clinodactyly (48%), and dysmesophalangia (15%). Pseudoepiphysis (21%) was found typically at the distal end of the first metacarpal bone and proximal end of the second metacarpal bone. Up to 8.5 years of age, bone maturation was retarded and thereafter bone age accelarated in advance of chronologic age. These findings may provide valuable information relative to the diagnosis and treatment of hand anomaly in Down syndrome.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome* ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship of cold pressor, hyperventilation and exercise test responses to circadian patterns and types of angina in vasospastic angina have still not been known. The aim of this study was to identify subgoups of patients who have similar clinical features and provocation test response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with pure vasospastic angina were studied. Six exercise tests were performed in the early morning, late morning, and late afternoon in consecutive days, and 2 hyperventilation tests and 2 cold pressor tests in the early morning. Circadian distribution and types of angina(at rest, on physical activity or both) were evaluated by clinical history, clinical records and ambulatory ECG recordings during admission and follow-up periods(mean 19+/-9 months). RESULTS: Three patterns of circadian distribution of anginal attacks were identified during all observation periods together(morning and night: MN n=, morning and afternoon or evening: M+/E n=, morning, night and afternoon and/or evening: MN+/E n=1). Exercise test was positive in 36%(40/111) without circadian variation, hyperventilation test in 66%(23/35) and cold pressor test in 6%(2/33). Neither hyperventilation test nor cold pressor test was related to circadian patterns, types or activity of angina, or numbers of spastic artery. But positive exercise test increased significantly in patients with angina on physical activity(43% vs 21%, p<0.05), high activity(57% vs 18%, p<0.01), multivessel spasm(50% vs 27%, p<0.05 ) and circadian patterns of M+/E and MN+/E(29%, 55% vs 4%, p<0.05, p<0.01). All patients with MN had rest angina and single vessel spasm. All 6 patients with M+/E had angina both at rest and on physical activity and 5 single vessel spasm. Eight of 11 patients with MN+/E had angina both at rest and on physical activity and 8 multivessel spasm. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hyperventilation test is highly sensitive in vasospastic angina without any relationship to clinical features, but exercise test response is related well to circadian patterns of angina attacks which are associated with characteristic clinical features.
Arteries ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Motor Activity ; Muscle Spasticity ; Spasm

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical charactoristics of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. STUDY METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of 103 patients with adenocarcinoma of cervix treated at the Kosin Medical center forom 1984 to 1993. RESULTS: The distribution by stage of disease included FIGO stage I, 51(49.6%); stage II, 32(31%); Stage III, 17(16.5%);Stage IV, 3(2.9%). The 2-year survival results for patients with stage I was 93.5%; stage II was 72.4%;stage III was 46.2% and stage IV was none survived. And 4 year survival results,'83.3/o, 591% and 33.3/o in stage I, II and III, reqxetively. The 4-year survivel rate varied significantly according to tumor size and lymph nade metastasis status-below 2cm 84.2%, 2cm~4cm 75%, above 4cm 0%: (stage I);negative node 91.3%, positive node 40% (stage I). The results of resurrent rate according to clinical stage was 11.8%, 25.8%, 84.6% and 100 % in stage I, ll, III and lV, respectively. CONCLUSION: Treatment strategies should be based on the stage of disease, tumor size, lymph node metastasis status and recurrent.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies

30 cases of distal femur fracture were treated with cast-brace for 2 years and 6 months from Feb., 1977 till July, 1979 at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, in Jeon Ju. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In 9 cases, cast-brace were applied initially and other 21 cases were treated with cast-brace secondarily after operation. 2. 20 cases were male and 10 cases were female. 3. 12 cases were on mid 1/3 fracture and 18 cases were distal 1/3 fracture involving 2 condylar fractures. 4. The average duration of fracture healing was 14.7 weeks in the cases with cast-brace which is compared with 20.7 weeks of hip-spica cast control group. 5. A.G.F. of knee joint was 80–115 degree at removal of cast-brace, otherwise merely 50–65 degree at dlscarding of hip-spica cast. 6. There were no complication such as nonunion or delayed union in the cases with cast-brace.
Braces ; Female ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Protestantism