Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is one of the common complications of hospitalized patients and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide, which causes an exacerbation, prolonged hospitalization and increased medical costs. Because of higher illness severity and more invasive operations, patients in neurosurgical intensive critical unit (NICU) are more susceptible to HAI such as hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and surgical site infection (SSI), leading to theincrease of mortality. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of HAI is an important challenge during the treatment of diseases in NICU. In this paper, we summarized the common types, pathogenic characteristics, prevention measures and antimicrobial treatment of HAI in NICU, aiming to provide ideas and reference on HAI treatment for medical personnel in NICU.

Delayed cerebral vasospasm is a common complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its study has become a topic of general interest in neurology. The article reviews the effects of neuropeptide Y, nitric oxide, endothelin-1,bilirubin oxidation product, Rho kinase, immuno- inflammation, and apoptosis from the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.

AimTo compare the protective immunity against challenge infection in mice immunized by crude antigen preparations derived from adult worms, newborn larvae and musele larvae of T richinella spiralis. MethodIntestinal adult worms, muscle larvae and blood absolute eosinophil level were counted; the level of serum IgG to antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae was detected by ELISA. ResultsAdults reduimg rate was 82.19 %, 72.31% and 42.88 % in the adult, newborn larvae and muscle larvae antigen groups respectively. Muscle larvae were reduced 68.83%. 78.19% and 51.96% respectively. The serum IgG titer in all immunized groups increased significantly, the GMRT values of adult, newborn larvae and mudscle larval antigen groups were 7.46, 5.28and 4.92times higher than that in control group respectively. Periphery blood absolute eosinophil level enhanced significantly. ConclusionThe data demonstrate that all of the adult, newborn larvae and muscle larvae antigens of T. spiralis can activate specific humoral and cellular immunity which induce protection to challenge infection in mice. Among these antigens, adult and newborn larvae antigens show better immunogenicity and it may be possible that adult antigen will provide a potential vaccine for trichinosis.

Animal models are highly valuable systems that have been extensively used to elucidate human disease pathogenesis and to find therapeutic ways to treat human diseases .Since non-human primates are close to humans,monkeys are important model species in exploring the mechanisms and treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases , neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive function, and neural circuits.However, due to the lack of embryonic stem cell lines in large animals, the traditional gene targeting technology is difficult to establish primate animal models of human diseases . CRISPR/Cas9, as a recently developed tool for genome modifications , has been successfully used to target genomic loci in mouse, rat, monkey, and other species.Here, we discuss the utilization of CRISPR /Cas9 technology in establishing monkey models for studying human neurodegenerative diseases .

Objective To explore the clinical significance of lipid levels including total cholesterol TC triglyceride TG high?density lipoprotein HDL?C low density lipoprotein LDL?C and apolipoprotein APOAⅠand APOB of elder?ly patients with hepatic schistosomiasis. Methods A total of 280 hospitalized elderly patients with hepatic schistosomiasis 198 cases of chronic liver fibrosis and 82 cases of hepatocirrhosis were chosen as study objects and their clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Meanwhile the lipid levels between the patients with liver fibrosis and hepatocirrhosis and those among the patients with ABC degrees of Child?pugh grading of liver function were compared. Results Among the 280 patients the abnormality rates of the lipid levels were 34.8% 69/198 and 100% 82/82 in the liver fibrosis group and he?patocirrhosis group respectively and the difference between them were statistically significant χ2=5.74 P 0.05 . The levels of TC HDL?C LDL?C APOAⅠof the patients in the latter group were significantly lower than those in the former group all P 0.05 . The levels of TC TG HDL?C APOAⅠ APOB of the patients with C degree liver function were significantly lower than those of the patients with A degree liver function and the levels of TC TG HDL?C of the former were also lower than those of the patients with B degree liver function all P 0.05 . Conclusions The lipid levels of the elderly patients with he?patic schistosomiasis reduce obviously in the course of hepatocirrhosis and it is correlated with the damage level of the liver. Lipid and apolipoprotein detections have certain values on the illness judgment and prognosis assessment.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of the children with svstemic inflammatorv re- active syndrome(SIRS)receiving micro-dose heparin at early stage of the diseases.Methods The 53 cas- es diagnosed as SIRS were included in the randomized control trial.They were divided into two groups,26 cases in control group and 27 cases in therapeutic group.The children in control group received therapy for their primary diseases and other routine managements for SIRS.The children in therapeutic group received both above therapy and micro-dose heparin(5-10 U/kg,1 fime/6hours)via subcutaneous injection at earlv stages of diseases for 3 days.Results There were improvements in both control and therapeutic group, platelets count increased,C-reactive protein decreased (P＜0.01),there were significant diffemnce in platelets and C-reactive protein between two groups,the time of platelets recovery in therapeutic group [(28±9)h]Was less than that in control group[(55±14)h](P＜0.01).In therapeutic group,the dumtion of SIRS was shortened (P＜0.05),mortality and the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction svndrome (MODS)and disseminated intravascular eoagultion(DIC)were decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Con- clusion Early micro-dose heparin in SIRS can shorten its duration and decrease the mortality and the inci- dence of MODS in the children with SIRS.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the vines of Piper hancei for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding on its effective components. Methods Compounds were separated by column chromatography with silica gel and polyamide, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical evidence (IR, UV, MS, (~1H-NMR), (~(13)C-NMR)). Results Nine compounds were isolated from the chloroform extract fraction. Their structures were identified as: futoamide (Ⅰ), trichostachine (Ⅱ), retrofractamide A (Ⅲ), pipercide (Ⅳ), guineensine (Ⅴ), piperine (Ⅵ), piperettine (Ⅶ), piperovatine (Ⅷ), and (2E, 4E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-hepta-2, 4-dienamide (Ⅸ). (Conclusion )Compounds Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅶ-Ⅸ are isolated from the plant for the first time.

Medical consumables management plays an important role in hospital management from the view of both enhancing the hospital management and facilitating the computation of consuming material cost.Based on the practical experience of the consumables management system,this paper presents a plan for medical consumable management system based on C/S mode,and its main functions and features.

Objective To investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the pathogenesis of TWP in treatment of RA.Methods A rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was developed and CIA rats were divided into the model group, the TWP group, the MTX group and the combination treatment group. And the tissues and blood were drawn from the rats 4 weeks later. HMGB1 expression in synovium, joint and the sera were tested by immunohistochemical stain and ELISA. Results HMGB l expression of the model in the synovium, joint and serum [(23.8±2.2) ng/ml] were remarkably higher than the control [(7.4±1.6) ng/ml] (P＜0.01); HMGB1 expression of the treatment groups in synovium, joint and serum [ (13.3±3.1), (17.4±4.9), (11.7±1.5 ) ng/ml]is obviously lower than the model (P＜0.01), and were higher than that of the controls(P＜0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 participates in the hyperplasia of synovial membrane, cartilage and bone destruction of CIA. The molecular mechanism for the TWP and MTX in the trentment of synovitis and bone destruction of RA is correlated with the expression of HMGB1.

In order to investigate the effects of simvastatin on secretion and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production and mRNA expression of IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that simvastatin could significantly suppress LPS-induced IL-6 production and mRNA expression in adipocytes (P<0.05), but increase the LPS-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). It was suggested that simvastatin could exert beneficial effects on prevention of obesity-induced metabolic changes in adipocytes.