Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is one of the common complications of hospitalized patients and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide, which causes an exacerbation, prolonged hospitalization and increased medical costs. Because of higher illness severity and more invasive operations, patients in neurosurgical intensive critical unit (NICU) are more susceptible to HAI such as hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and surgical site infection (SSI), leading to theincrease of mortality. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of HAI is an important challenge during the treatment of diseases in NICU. In this paper, we summarized the common types, pathogenic characteristics, prevention measures and antimicrobial treatment of HAI in NICU, aiming to provide ideas and reference on HAI treatment for medical personnel in NICU.

Delayed cerebral vasospasm is a common complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its study has become a topic of general interest in neurology. The article reviews the effects of neuropeptide Y, nitric oxide, endothelin-1,bilirubin oxidation product, Rho kinase, immuno- inflammation, and apoptosis from the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.

AimTo compare the protective immunity against challenge infection in mice immunized by crude antigen preparations derived from adult worms, newborn larvae and musele larvae of T richinella spiralis. MethodIntestinal adult worms, muscle larvae and blood absolute eosinophil level were counted; the level of serum IgG to antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae was detected by ELISA. ResultsAdults reduimg rate was 82.19 %, 72.31% and 42.88 % in the adult, newborn larvae and muscle larvae antigen groups respectively. Muscle larvae were reduced 68.83%. 78.19% and 51.96% respectively. The serum IgG titer in all immunized groups increased significantly, the GMRT values of adult, newborn larvae and mudscle larval antigen groups were 7.46, 5.28and 4.92times higher than that in control group respectively. Periphery blood absolute eosinophil level enhanced significantly. ConclusionThe data demonstrate that all of the adult, newborn larvae and muscle larvae antigens of T. spiralis can activate specific humoral and cellular immunity which induce protection to challenge infection in mice. Among these antigens, adult and newborn larvae antigens show better immunogenicity and it may be possible that adult antigen will provide a potential vaccine for trichinosis.

BACKGROUND: Benzo[a] pyrene(BaP) is kind of polyaromatic hydrocarbon which is a chemical pollutant extensively existing in living and productive environments. It is found overseas that it has neurotoxic effects under certain conditions.OBJECTIVE: To study the neurotoxicity of BaP and its effects on expression of two heat stress proteins(HSPs) HSP70 and HSP90β in brain tissue of mice.DESIGN: Randomized case control study of experimental animals.SETTING: Laboratory of thermobiology and molecular toxicology of a unversity, department of preventive medicine of a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Thermobiology and Molecular Toxicity Laboratory, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science and Technology University. Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with each of 10 mice including 3 administrated groups, 1 vehicle group and 1 control group. All mice in 3 exposed groups were intraperitoneally administrated BaP dissolved in corn oil at dose levels of 7.8mg/kg, 3.2 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg respectively for four times per week. The mice in vehicle group received an equal volume of com oil and the mice in control group received no additional treatment.METHODS: The signs of neurotoxicity in each group were examined and recorded during the administration. At the end of 8-week administration, the brains were excised to calculate brain tissue organ coefficient. Western blot method was used to assay the HSP70 and HSP90β.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of BaP on HSP70 and HSP90βin brain tissue of mice.Bap exposure groups was much lower than that of control group( P ＜ 0. 01,P ＜ 0. 001 ) while the organ coefficient of high dose group was much of HSP70 was characterized by greatly increased expression in low dose group while the relative expression of HSP90β was increased in middle and high dose groups.CONCLUSION: BaP has certain neurotoxic effects. With the increase of toxic dose, the expression of HSP90β increases which can be used as signal of toxic damage under certain conditions.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of lipid levels including total cholesterol TC triglyceride TG high?density lipoprotein HDL?C low density lipoprotein LDL?C and apolipoprotein APOAⅠand APOB of elder?ly patients with hepatic schistosomiasis. Methods A total of 280 hospitalized elderly patients with hepatic schistosomiasis 198 cases of chronic liver fibrosis and 82 cases of hepatocirrhosis were chosen as study objects and their clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Meanwhile the lipid levels between the patients with liver fibrosis and hepatocirrhosis and those among the patients with ABC degrees of Child?pugh grading of liver function were compared. Results Among the 280 patients the abnormality rates of the lipid levels were 34.8% 69/198 and 100% 82/82 in the liver fibrosis group and he?patocirrhosis group respectively and the difference between them were statistically significant χ2=5.74 P 0.05 . The levels of TC HDL?C LDL?C APOAⅠof the patients in the latter group were significantly lower than those in the former group all P 0.05 . The levels of TC TG HDL?C APOAⅠ APOB of the patients with C degree liver function were significantly lower than those of the patients with A degree liver function and the levels of TC TG HDL?C of the former were also lower than those of the patients with B degree liver function all P 0.05 . Conclusions The lipid levels of the elderly patients with he?patic schistosomiasis reduce obviously in the course of hepatocirrhosis and it is correlated with the damage level of the liver. Lipid and apolipoprotein detections have certain values on the illness judgment and prognosis assessment.

Animal models are highly valuable systems that have been extensively used to elucidate human disease pathogenesis and to find therapeutic ways to treat human diseases .Since non-human primates are close to humans,monkeys are important model species in exploring the mechanisms and treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases , neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive function, and neural circuits.However, due to the lack of embryonic stem cell lines in large animals, the traditional gene targeting technology is difficult to establish primate animal models of human diseases . CRISPR/Cas9, as a recently developed tool for genome modifications , has been successfully used to target genomic loci in mouse, rat, monkey, and other species.Here, we discuss the utilization of CRISPR /Cas9 technology in establishing monkey models for studying human neurodegenerative diseases .

Objective To investigate the causes and remedial measures of the failure of continuous epidural for labor analgesia. Methods Nine hundred and fifty-two primiparas who received voluntary labor analgesia were selected. They received epidural block in the L2-3 interspace, and epidural catheter was inserted 4 cm into the epidural space. The method of labor analgesia was continuous intravenous injection combined with self controlled analgesia. The visual analogue score (VAS) >5 scores was analgesia failure. Withdrawing the epidural catheter 1 to 2 cm and replacement of the catheter or changing to subarachnoid space combined with epidural block was used to rescue the analgesia failure. The production process progress and satisfaction rate of postpartum 24 h were recorded. Results The analgesia failure was in 144 cases, and the analgesia failure rate was 15.1%(144/952), among which the epidural catheter was inserted into blood vessels in 47 cases, the epidural catheter was blocked by a blood clot in 13 cases, the epidural catheter bent in 9 cases, the unilateral block or partial block was in 31 cases, the epidural catheter migrated in 37 cases, the catheters left the epidural cavity in 5 cases, and dural puncture was in 2 cases. Eighty-seven cases were treated by withdrawing the epidural catheter 1 to 2 cm, 48 cases were treated by replacement of the catheter, and 9 cases were treated by changing to subarachnoid space combined with epidural block. The satisfaction rate of postpartum 24 h was 96.7%(921/952). Conclusions The failure of continuous epidural block for labor analgesia is higher. According to the different causes, the most of the failures could be rescued by withdrawing the epidural catheter 1 to 2 cm, replacement of the catheter or changing to subarachnoid space combined with epidural block.

G protein-coupled receptor 30(GPR30) was a novel estrogen receptor identified as membrane associated receptor in the late 1990s.This new member of estrogen receptors was independent of the classic nuclear estrogen receptor ? and ? due to the low homology and signifi cant difference between them.It was reported that GPR30 localized endoplasmic reticulum predominantly,which was expressed in diverse cancer cells and a wide range of systems throughout the body.The rapid non-genetic response,partially at least,transcription regulation of estrogenic effects were mediated by the novel receptor via transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and modulation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and Ca2+.These pathways,possibly coordinate with ER?,were involved in various physiological,physiopathological and carcinogenesis process.Theoretically,GPR30 would be a novel therapeutic target in estrogen-related diseases such as breast carcinoma.

Objective:To establish the medical equipment maintenance management system based on HRP, to break through and solve various problems that the traditional manual management mode couldn't resolve in the medical equipment maintenance and repair, and to ensure the normal development of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Using the network information technology, combining with the characteristics of the hospital industry, referring to the enterprise resource planning management system, to establish a new hospital medical equipment maintenance management system.Results: The system management module included a series functions, such as maintenance reports, maintenance applications, applications for repair, maintenance grades, maintenance items, fault types and maintenance methods. This module unified the technology and methods, contents and procedures of equipment maintenance, and the system also included maintenance plan, maintenance report and early warning function for the equipment using. Besides, the design of specially displayer would real-time display maintenance information.Conclusion: HRP system was used to replace the traditional manual management mode and it can break and resolve various problems of medical equipment repair and maintenance at the present hospital, such as record and save the maintenance information, provide high efficiency and high quality service for the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and data support for statistical analysis.

Objective To investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the pathogenesis of TWP in treatment of RA.Methods A rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was developed and CIA rats were divided into the model group, the TWP group, the MTX group and the combination treatment group. And the tissues and blood were drawn from the rats 4 weeks later. HMGB1 expression in synovium, joint and the sera were tested by immunohistochemical stain and ELISA. Results HMGB l expression of the model in the synovium, joint and serum [(23.8±2.2) ng/ml] were remarkably higher than the control [(7.4±1.6) ng/ml] (P＜0.01); HMGB1 expression of the treatment groups in synovium, joint and serum [ (13.3±3.1), (17.4±4.9), (11.7±1.5 ) ng/ml]is obviously lower than the model (P＜0.01), and were higher than that of the controls(P＜0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 participates in the hyperplasia of synovial membrane, cartilage and bone destruction of CIA. The molecular mechanism for the TWP and MTX in the trentment of synovitis and bone destruction of RA is correlated with the expression of HMGB1.