The experimental endophthalmitis was obtained by the injection of pneumococcus into the anterior chamber of the rabbit's eyes and the effects of ginseng and steroids were observed. In one group, ginseng extract (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 6 days. In another group, dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly and prednison(R) ophthalmic ointment used topically for 6 days. All groups were treated with atropine and colimycin-T@ ophthalmic ointment topically for 8 days. The eyes were examined clinically and histopathologically. The characteristic pictures of changes of peneumococcal endophthalmitis were stmrnal edema of the cornea by slit lamp biomicroscopic examination. The resuns were as follows: 1. In ginseng injection group, the stromal edema of cornea was more aggravated than control group. 2. In steroids injection group, the stromal edema of cornea was more aggravated than control group. 3. There was no notable difference between the changes in the ginseng injection group and steroids injection group.
Anterior Chamber ; Atropine ; Cornea ; Dexamethasone ; Edema ; Endophthalmitis* ; Panax* ; Rabbits* ; Steroids* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

In the East, Probably one of the most commonly performed esthetic operation is the piercing of the earlobes for earring. the complication of this procedure includes infection, the formation of the hypertrophic scar or keloid, and tearing. Keloid formation is one of the disaterous common complications of the ear piercing. the patients regard the keloid as a cosmetic blemish and they complain that they cannot wear earrings. We have experienced 5 patients of earlobe keloid complicated from piercing of the earlobes. We used intralestional steroid njection, in conjunction with surgical excision and pressure therapy for treatment of the keloid. Among various techniques for reconstructing a piercing, we chose modified Pardue's method for artificial earlobe cleft after wide excision of the keloid. the result was good and satisfactory without any complication after 4 to 24 months of follow-up. the purpose of this paper is to present a simple method of treatment of the earlobe keloid with preservation of the perforation for an earring.
Body Piercing ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Ear* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keloid*

The authors analysed statistically 169 cases of enucleation among 132, 168 outpatients, 3, 786 inpatients, 4,640 eye operations who visited to the National Medical Center for 16 years duration from Jan. 1962 to Dec. 1977. 1) The incidence of enucleation is 0.13% of all eye outpatients. 2) The male and female ratio is 2.2:1. 3) The frequency of enucleation is as follows, malignant tumor, retinoblastoma(the majority) 42 cases(24.9%), corneal disease, staphyloma(the majority) 38 cases(22.5%), glaucoma 30 cases(17.8%), panophthalmitis 23 cases(l3.6%), trauma 19 cases(11.2%) and phthisis bulbi 17 cases(10.0%).
Corneal Diseases ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Male ; Outpatients ; Panophthalmitis

Reconstruction of an eye lid or even a part of it requires a minimum of three elements; an outer layer of skin; an inner layer of mucosa; and a semi-rigid skeleton interposed between them. The upper lid is the most difficult to reconstruct as it must be movable. This report contains of a congenital upper lid coloboma of which reconstructed by Abbe-type full thickness flap of the lower eye lid. He is a 15 years old boy who has congenital middle third defect of left upper eye lid. The defect was rectangular shape, the edge rolled, and without lashes and glandular structures, with the base located at the central portion of upper lid margin. The inner margin is about 3mm apart from superior lacrimal punctum. He has no other associated congenital anomalies. His visual acuity of left eye was light perception that resulted from chronic exposure keratopathy. The authors operated a case of congenital lid colob@ma and obtained good cosmetic result.
Adolescent ; Coloboma* ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Skeleton ; Skin ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE:Obesity is a common complication in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. We analysed body composition, metabolic parameters and evaluated for correlation between adiponectin and metabolic parameters in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. METHODS:Sixteen patients with craniopharyngioma (9 males, 7 females) were included in this study (patient group). The data of patient group were compared to those of children who visited the clinic for normal short stature with appropriate gestational age (14 males, 4 females) (control group). Height SDS, weight SDS, BMI were calculated. Total body fat, abdominal fat distribution were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin were measured after overnight fasting. The degree of insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. RESULTS:Four of 16 patients were obese. and three were overweight. Patient group had higher total body fat percentage (27.5+/-6.8 vs 17.6+/-6.8, P=0.01), triglycerides (207.9+/-241.6 vs 76.7+/-30.8, P=0.001), lower HDL-cholesterol (37.5+/-14.6 vs 61.4+/-15.4, P=0.000) and adiponectin levels (7.1+/-4.2 vs 10.7+/-4.3, P=0.012). Adiponectin levels were correlated negatively with total body fat percentage (r=-0.631, P= 0.009), abdominal fat distribution (r=-0.547, P=0.03), triglycerides (r=-0.518, P=0.04), insulin (r=-0.525, P=0.037) and correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (r=0.572, P=0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma, had tendency to develop obesity, dyslipidemia and Insulin resistance. Therefore, patients who were surgically treated, should be closely monitored to minimize the effect of metabolic syndrome on their health and well being.
Abdominal Fat ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Craniopharyngioma* ; Dyslipidemias ; Electric Impedance ; Fasting ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine whether prepubertal children born with low birth weight (LBW) have decreased insulin sensitivity, compared with children born with normal birth weight and to know a relationship between insulin sensitivity and adiponectin concentration in those children. METHODS: LBW (n=33) was defined as a birth weight less than 2.5 kg and control (n=20) was defined as a birth weight between 2.5 kg and 4.0 kg. Height and weight were measured for calculation of BMI. Fasting blood samples were taken for the measurements of glucose, insulin, lipid and adiponectin concentration. Body fat mass and abdominal fat ratio were measured. HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated, as a mean of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: Children with LBW showed significantly higher levels of QUICKI and adiponectin than control group (P<0.05). Taller children with LBW (height SDS>-1) were more resistant to insulin than shorter children with LBW (height SDS<-1), but there was no difference in adiponectin level between those two groups. Younger (age<6 yr) children with LBW were more sensitive to insulin and had higher levels of adiponectin than older(age>6 yr) children with LBW. In children with LBW, age was negatively correlated with QUICKI adjusted by BMI percentile (r=-0.373, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the levels of adiponectin increase to compensate for the diminished insulin sensitivity in younger children with LBW and this phenomenon is faded away with aging. Additionally, the results suggest that LBW children with better postnatal growth have a tendency to have insulin resistance.
Abdominal Fat ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Aging ; Birth Weight ; Child* ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin*

PURPOSE: To make a contribution to raising the quality of nursing and home healthcare services through reviewing the present state of home healthcare nurse specialist training institutions and education programs and creating concrete measures to establish high-quality education courses. METHOD: International comparative study of accreditation criteria and curriculum in home healthcare nurse specialist program. RESULT: The Authorization Standards of home healthcare nurse training institutions consists of 8 items, 23 evaluation criteria and 72 evaluation indexes. Proposal to develop a specialist training program: Curriculum. Modify and complement a present homecare nurse education program. Curriculum 1. Designate two forms of certification. The first certification has been granted the authority to serve as a manager and open a home healthcare agency to nurses having masters degrees and clinical experience for five years. The second certification is allowed to perform general home healthcare after having completed a short term training course. Currculum 2. To meet increasing demands, granting a certification to perform home healthcare to registered nurses having clinical experience of more than three years. CONCLUSION: These results can be utilized in the home healthcare educational program for raising the quality of nurses and home healthcare services.

PURPOSE: Since the introduction of newborn screening, the detection rate of transient hypothyroidism has been increased. Therefore, we aimed to reevaluate the prevalences of congenital hypothyroidism according to etiology and to evaluate the clinical characteristics to differentiate between transient and permanent hypothyroidism before L-thyroxine withdrawal to avoid unnecessary prolonged treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 25 male and 46 female patients diagnosed as congenital hypothyroidism by newborn screening from 1992 to 2002. We performed thyroid function test such as T3, TSH and total T4 before 1997, and free T4 from 1997. RESULTS: Since the introduction of newborn screening, the prevalences of permanent congenital and transient hypothyroidism were 53.5% and 46.5%, respectively. Thyroid dysgenesis was more common in females (males 3, females 22, P<0.05). Among 58 patients, who were not confirmed as thyroid dysgenesis at L-thyroxine therapy, the proportion of transient and permanent hypothyroidism were 32 (55.2%) and 26 (44.8%) respectively. There were no significant differences in free T4, total T4, TSH levels at initial diagnosis between transient and permanent hypothyroidism patients. Permanent hypothyroidism patients could not withdraw L-thyroxine during the first 3 years. Among 32 patients with transient hypothyroidism, 30, 23, and 17 patients continued L-thyroxine therapy at 1, 2, and 3 years of age, respectively. The mean duration of L-thyroxine therapy was 26.4+/-11.8 months. The dose of L-thyroxine had been significantly decreased since 6 months of age in the patients with transient hypothyroidism (P<0.05). The patients with thyroid aplasia received the highest dose of L-thyroxine from 6 to 36 months of age (P<0.05). Among 13 patients who were confirmed as thyroid dysgenesis at L-thyroxine therapy, 12 patients were confirmed as permanent hypothyroidism, while one patient, who was diagnosed as thyroid aplasia by thyroid scan, revealed normal thyroid gland and could be ceased thyroid hormone therapy at 3 years of age. CONCLUSION: We could not differentiate between transient and permanent hypothyroidism by free T4, total T4 and TSH levels at the initial diagnosis. We could diagnose as permanent hypothyroidism in patients with thyroid dysgenesis and with higher or appropriate L-thyroxine doses for weight to maintain euthyroid during follow-up. We therefore suggest that diagnostic test maybe done before 3 years of age in some patients who had the histories of suspecting transient hypothyroidism and significantly low L-thyroxine doses for weight.
Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Records ; Neonatal Screening ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Dysgenesis ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: It is known that 3-50 percent of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients develop autoimmune thyroid disease. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD) developed in patients with T1DM in Korean. METHODS: The medical records of 139 patients, who were followed up in Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Jan. 1981 to Jul. 2004, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Forty-four males and 95 females were enrolled. At least one of the autoantibodies for thyroid was positive in 54 cases. The detection rate for AITD was not correlated with sex ratio, control of T1DM, body mass index, age at diagnosis of T1DM, and familial history of thyroid disease, between two groups. In the male group, AITD was more frequently found at a younger age than in the female group. The frequency of AITD was significantly higher in the goiter group without sex differences. In the thyroid disease group, 40 patients(74.0 percent) were euthyroid, seven patients(12.9 percent) were hypothyroid, and seven patients(12.9 percent) were hyperthyroid. CONCLUSION: We should monitor thyroid function and autoantibodies routinely in T1DM patients who develop goiters, or young boys with T1DM.
Autoantibodies ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Goiter ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: (Cheonggukjang) is a traditional fermented soybean paste with significant health-promoting effects. On the other hand, there have been insufficient studies on the safety and efficacy of (Cheonggukjang), which is produced using traditional methods containing toxins and biogenic amines (BAs). This study compared the laxative effect of (Cheonggukjang), containing high or low levels of toxins and BAs (HTBC or LTBC) in a loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation mouse model.MATERIALS/METHODS: To induce constipation, Lop (5 mg/kg) was administered orally to ICR mice twice a day for 4 days, and the dose was increased to 8 mg/kg after a 3-day rest period. (Cheonggukjang) (500 mg/kg, HTBC, or LTBC respectively) was administered for four weeks before the Lop treatment. RESULTS: The number of stools, fecal weight, water contents, gastrointestinal transit, and histological alterations were recovered significantly in the HTBC or LTBC groups. HTBC and LTBC administration did not induce significant changes in body weight, dietary intake, and behavior. The opioid-receptor downstream signaling pathway in colon tissues was also evaluated. The c-Kit, stem cell kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases subfamilies, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38, were all downregulated in the HTBC or LTBC-administered mice colon compared to the Lop group. CONCLUSION These results show that (Cheonggukjang), containing high levels of toxins and BAs, have a similar laxative effect in a mouse model of Lop-induced constipation.