Atopic dermatitis is estimated to affect 15-20% of the childhood population and there id considerable evidence that the prevalence is increasing. But it is frequently under diagnosed and inappropriately treated yet. Atopic dermatitis can have a large social;. emotional and financial effect on the child and their family. Atopic dermatitis also commonly predated the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Therefore early diagnosis and proper treatment are the key for control the atopic dermatitis itself and modify the future repiratory allergies. This review will cover the new diagnostic criteria and treatment briefly.
Asthma ; Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis

At the preliminary survey of Seosan demonstration project for integration of family planning and maternal and child health service, 6 questions about morbid conditions of all household members were included. Definition of morbid condition used at the survey was self-conceived physical or mental infirmity which had been caused by diseases or accidents, resulting in obstacles to ordinary daily life for past 30 days. Analyzing those morbidity data, the following results were obtained. 1. The morbid person rate was 192.2 per 1,000 persons and the morbidity rate 214.2 per 1,000 persons. 2. The percentage of household which had at least one morbid person was 61.9% and average number of morbidity per one household was 1.1. 3. Analyzing the 1st morbid condition of the total 4,433 morbid persons, morbidity rate of male was 194.6 per 1,000 persons and that of female was 189.8 per 1,000 persons. 4. The highest age specific morbidity rate was that of 0~4 years of age, and it was 304.3 per 1,000 persons. The lowest was that of 10~14 years of age and the rate of 93.8 per 1,000 persons. 5. The following was the order of five major diseases which were classified according to 17 International Classification of Diseases. (1) Symptoms and Ill defined conditions : 17.3% (2) Disease of the Digestive system : 15.7% (3) Infections and Parasitic disease : 14.3% (4) Disease of the Respiratory system : 13.7% (5) Disease of the Nervous system and sense organs : 9.4%. 6. 30 leading morbid conditions were described in Table III-2 and which composed 70.6% of total morbid conditions. 7. The percentage of the morbid conditions of which duration was longer than 90 days was 40.5%. 8. Of the total 4,433 morbid persons, 4,394 morbid persons responded for the morbid condition management method. Of those, Hospital & clinic (35.3%), drug store (40.0%), herb drug store (3.6%), health center (2.2%) ware selected for the 1st place or method for management morbid condition, and 18.0% did not search for morbid condition management.
Child ; Child Health Services ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Digestive System ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Nervous System ; Parasitic Diseases ; Respiratory System ; Sense Organs

Single breath-hold gradient echo images with Small Tip. Angle Gradient Echo(STAGE) were evaluated in the study of liver in 16 patients(4 normal liver, 5 hepatoma, 5 cholangiocarcinoma, 1 hemangioma, 1 cavernous transformation of portal vein). We obtained one slice of gradient echo during single breath-hold at the level of pathology defined on conventional spin echo inage. Single breath-hold gradient echo images were compared with spin echo images for image quality and artifacts. Single breath-hold gradient image showed improved resolution of vascular detail and excellent contrast between lesion and adjacent normal liver in hepatoma. Cholangiocarcinoma showed decreased contrast between lesion and biliary trees but improved contrast between lesion and blood vessel. Cavernous transformation of porta vein was noted as tortuous vessel of high signal intensity. Single breath-hold gradient echo scan increased vascular artifact, but decreased respiratory artifact leading to improved image quality. Single breath-hold technique can reduce can reduce imaging time and improve image quality and may be used as complementary method to the spin echo scan.
Artifacts ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Hemangioma ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Pathology ; Trees ; Veins

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

From December 1987 to September 1988, clinical evaluation were performed at the Yeungnam University Hospital on 138 patients with exudative pleural effusion comparing with biochemical, bacteriologic, cytologic and pathologic studies. The results were as follows 1. Among these 138 cases, Incidence of tuberculosis was 57.3%, neoplasm 26.8%. High tendency in malignant pleural effusion occurred in elder age. 2. In tuberculosis pleural effusion, the rate of positive smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli in the pleural fluid was 3.7% and positive biopsy for granuloma 75%. 3. In malignant pleural effusion, the rate of positive cytology for cancer cell in the fluid was 42% and positive biopsy 60%. 4. Analysis in tuberculosis and malignancy showed the tendency of high pH, WBC, protein and of low glucose, but there were clinically not significant in differentiating malignant pleural effusion from tuberculous pleural effusion. 5. Among 23 cases in which the pleural tissue findings were chronic nonspecific reaction pathologically, tuberculosis (52.2%), malignancy (26%), and idiopathic (21.8%) eventually in follow up studies.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the valuability of dipstick IgE detection method as a screening test for allergic diseases, we compared the results of dipstick test to that of RAST and skin prick test. METHODS: Twenty children who visited to pediatric allergy clinic in Soon Chun Hyang University were enrolled to comparative study of dipstick IgE detection method to Skin prick test and RAST. Dipstick IgE detection method was performed by using AllergodipR(Allergopharma Joachim Ganzer KG). We compared the sensitivity and specificity of dipstick IgE detection method to RASt and skin prick test. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of AllergodipR for inhalant allergen(D.pteronyssinus) to RAST were 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of AllergodipR for inhalant allergen(D. pteronyssinus) to skin prick test were 77.8% and 90.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of AllergodipR for food allergen to RAST were 0% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of AllergodipR for inhalant allergen(D. pteronyssinus) to skin prick test were 0% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The dipstick method(AllergodipR) can be used as a screening test for detection of specific IgE to inhalant allergen.
Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Tests ; Skin*

PURPOSE: Cough variant asthma may be defined as a presentation of asthma that fulfills all the criteria of asthma, inflammatory process of the airways and airway hyperresponsiveness. Because of the cough is only the manifestation in cough variant asthma especially in children, it may be very difficult to assess by the physical examination and routine spirometry. Airway function may be further evaluated by bronchial provocation, usually with methacholine or exercise, to supprot or exclude the diagnosis of asthma. In children too young to perform pulmonary function tests, a therapeutic trial can serve as a diagnostic tool. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteroid treatment to the children with cough variant asthma. METHODS: Forth-eight children who visited to our pediatric allergy clinic having a chronic cough more than 3 weeks were enrolled to our study. We defined a children who showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness after exercise challenge as a cough variant asthma. We analyzed the changes of PEFR before and after exercise and treatment for 4 weeks. RESULTS: 1) All the patients with cough variant asthma or sinobronchitis have a night aggravating cough as a sole manifestation. 2) The baseline % predicted PEFR showed within normal range in the study subjects. But there was significant decrease of % perdicted PEFR after execise challenge in the patients with cough variant asthma. 3) There was significant increase of % predicted PEFR after treatment with inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteroid in the patients with cough vatiant asthma. Also it is noted in the patients with sinobronchitis treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSION: We can find significant improvement of clinical manifestation and pulmonary function in the patients with cough variant asthma who treated with inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteoid. Because of many children suffering from chronic cough may have a cough variant asthma, we emphasized that inhaled bron-chodilator and corticosteroid treatment is effective for long-term control of cough variant asthma.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Asthma* ; Child ; Cough* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inhalation* ; Methacholine Chloride ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Physical Examination ; Reference Values ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Therapy* ; Spirometry

PURPOSE: We analyzed the patients who needed reoperation after undergoing a thoracolumbar spine operation and investigated the causes, pattern of timing, medical history and clinical outcome after reoperation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 2,198 patients who underwent spine surgery for thoracolumbar spine disease from 1988 to 2011, we targeted 193 patients who underwent reoperation. We studied the causes, operative method of initial surgery, time-variant causes and outcome of reoperation. RESULTS: The number of patients who underwent thoracolumbar spine reoperation was 193 out of 2,198 and the reoperation rate was 8.7%. We researched time-variant causes of reoperation. In six weeks after the initial operation, exploration for hematoma and neurologic deficit was 18 (26.8%), recurred heniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) was 18 (26.8%), and surgical site infection was 17 (25.4%). From six weeks to six months, recurred HIVD was 10 (47.6%), surgical site infection was 7 (33.3%), and after six months, adjacent segmental disease (ASD) was 38 (35.7%), recurred HIVD was 26 (23.2%), and implant related problem was 17 (16.0%). CONCLUSION: Causes of thoracolumbar spine reoperation included complications (2.8%); infection, hematoma, neurologic deficit, incomplete decompression, and natural courses (5.9%); ASD, recurred HIVD, implant related problem, instability after decompression, tumor recur, progression of deformity.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Reoperation ; Spine

Spontaneous gastric perforation is an important but rare cause of gastrointestinal perforation in neonates. Just over 200 cases have been reported in the literatures. In spite of recent surgical advances in its managements, mortality rate has been reported as high as 25~50%. Because of physiologic differences, immature immune mechanisms, variations in gastrointestinal flora and poor localization of perforation, a neonate with gastric perforation is at high risk. The pathogenesis is greatly debated. Five patients with spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation who were operated upon at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from 1980 to 1993 were reviewed. Four patients were male and one female. The first indication of perforation was 1 day to 6 days of life. All of 5 perforations were located along the greater curvature of the stomach. The size of perforation ranged from 2 cm to 10 cm. Debridement and primary closure were performed in all patients. The operative mortality was 40%(2 of 5). The cause of perforation was not identified in all cases. Prematurity and necrotizing enterocolitis, synchronous or metachrotlous, were thought to be crucial prognostic factors. Earlier recognition and surgical intervention are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Debridement ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mortality ; Seoul ; Stomach

The left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) in the hypertensive patients is known to be associated with relatively higher risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this sense the reversal of LVH with blood pressure control, if attained, could yeild an additional benefit of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and/or mortaility associated with hypertension. However pathogenesis of LVH, the attitude of the LVH to regerss with blood pressure control in a particular patient and whether the regression is really beneficial are not clear. In order to see the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors on LVH and the age group difference of the LVH regresion, if attainable, 26 hypertensive patients with LVH(LVMI:Left Ventricular Mass Index>125g/m2) were treated with enalapril or captopril for more than 12 weeks and the LVMI followed and the regression rates in younger group "A"(less than 50 years of age) and elder group "B" were compared(LVMI, level of blood pressure, kinds and dosage of enalapril or captopril were not different between the two groups). The LVMI was significantly decreased in both groups, in group A from 191.6+/-74.9g/m2 to 139.7+/-52.0g/m2, and in group B from 185.5+/-58.7g/m2 to 163.9+/-58.7g/m2. In group A the percent decrease of LVMI was significantly higher than that of group B(25.3+/-14.9% versus 10.3+/-8.6%, p<0.005). Above results suggest that enalapril and captopril are equally effective in reducing LVMI in hypertensive patients with LVH and the regression of the LVMI is more marked in the younger age group in this relatively short-term treated small population study.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensins* ; Blood Pressure* ; Captopril ; Enalapril ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Mortality ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A*