No abstract available.
Humans* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

BACKGROUNDS: When measuring lung function and response to bronchodilator, MDI(metered-dose inhaler) is commonly used but unfamiliarity of its use and cold sensation by the puffed gas decrease reliability of the result. Spacer can reduce the cold freon effect and undesired oropharyngeal deposition caused by the rapid evaporation of the propellant and there are many studies which showed more effectiveness of spacer on the treatment of children with asthma but no study whether it is effective on the bronchodilator response test in the first medical examination of old age. Therefore, we tested whether the use of spacer can reduce the cold freon effect and improve the bronchodilator response in the first medical examination of old age. METHODS: Two hundred of elderly patients( 65years) who had never used MDI were measured the bronchodilator response. Subjects were randomised to either spacer-user or spacer-nonuser. Twenty minutes after 400 g fenoterol was administered, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) was measured. Bronchoconstriction was defined as a decrease in FEV1 by 10% or greater after bronchodilator inhalation. We further devided each group into normal or obstructive group, obstructive group was defined as FEV1<80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC<70%. RESULTS: In normal group, spacer-user(n=83) showed greater bronchodilator response than spacer-nonuser(n=66), 6.43% vs 3.81% respectively(p<0.05) and two case of bronchoconstriction occured only in spacer-nonuser. In obstructive group, there is no significant difference in bronchodilator response between spacer-user(n=18) and spacer-nonuser(n=33), 12.32% vs 11.16% respectively(p>0.05) but brochoconstriction(n=1) occured only in spacer-nonuser. CONCLUSION: Spacer improved bronchodilator response and prevented bronchoconstriction, in the first medical examination of old age.
Aged ; Asthma ; Bronchoconstriction ; Child ; Chlorofluorocarbons ; Fenoterol ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Paranasal Sinuses*

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive*

Torsion of the appendix testis ranks second in causes of acute scrotal swelling in children Prompt surgical exploration in children with torsion of the appendix testis is necessary if scrotal swelling obscures diagnosis or induces persistent scrotal pain. Exploration of both testes at the first operation adds little trouble to the operation and eliminates the possibility of Further torsion.
Appendix* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Testis*

The aim of this study is to analyze the current status and performance evaluation systems of faculty in Korean medical colleges and professional graduate medical schools (called medical schools). We developed a research tool based on previous studies and distributed it to 40 medical schools from July to October 2017. The response rate was 100%. We calculated the number of faculty members and analyzed the faculty evaluation systems and awareness according to national and private medical schools. As of 2017, the number of medical faculty in Korea was 11,111 (4,973 faculty were employed by their alma mater, which is 44.76% of the total), with non-medical doctor faculty accounting for 754 of the total. The medical schools reflect research achievements as most important for re-appointment and screening to promote faculty, and the area of education is secondary excepting clinical faculty of private medical schools. However, important issues in the faculty evaluation deal with the relevance of research achievement and the need for qualitative assessment. Some medical schools revised or have been revising the faculty evaluation system in areas such as minimum standards of education for promotion and separation of promotion and tenure review. Opening non-tenure track lines for faculty show positive effects such as increasing the number of positions for hire and easing the financial burdens of medical schools. Downfalls include inconsistencies between the responsibilities and actual practices of tenure not being available and the instability of faculty's status. In conclusion, medical schools need to prepare a faculty evaluation system that fits the position of faculty members and attempt to establish a reasonable compensation system.
Compensation and Redress ; Education ; Faculty, Medical ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Reward ; Schools, Medical ; Social Responsibility

Purpose: Pediatric palliative care is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary approach that supports children with life-limiting conditions and their families. However, there is limited evidence on how to effectively support bereaved parents and siblings. The purpose of this study is to explore the therapeutic impact of art therapy for bereaved families, in accordance with John Bowlby’s four-stage theory of mourning. Methods: This single-case study employed the consensual qualitative research method. Art therapy records of bereaved families were reviewed individually, and records from one case were selected. Verbal statements made during the art therapy sessions and photocopies of the artworks were analyzed to understand the mourning process of the family. Results: A total of 113 statements and 12 artworks from 19 art therapy sessions were analyzed. As the art therapy progressed, each family member exhibited a pattern of engaging in more positive and healthy conversations in daily life, demonstrating the final stage of mourning: reorganization and recovery. The family dynamics also revealed that they reconstructed their inner world and redefined the meaning of loss, which is the final stage of mourning. The art therapy provided a safe environment for the family, allowing them to fulfill their wishes and regain the strength needed for recovery. Conclusion This study suggests that art therapy supports bereaved families in alleviating their psychological difficulties, engaging in a healthy mourning process, and functioning as members of society. Further research is needed to better understand the effect of art therapy as a bereavement support tool in pediatric palliative care.

BACKGROUND: The 7-Minute screen (7MS) test consists of four individual tests (Benton orientation test, Enhanced cued recall, Clock drawing and Category fluency). It can be used in the early detection of dementia in the primary care setting. The aim of this study is to develop the Korean version of 7MS and to obtain normal values for the Korean elderly population. METHODS: The 7MS was translated into Korean and modified by a group of several neurologists, psychi-atrists and family physicians. Some pictures that were considered less familiar with Korean elderly people were replaced by familiar items. The Korean version was administered to 330 elderly people who visited one Health Promotion Center. Of these, nineteen subjects were excluded in the final analysis because they did not meet the inclu-sion criteria for normal elderly. RESULTS: The mean age and education level of the subjects were 64.2 +/-5.4 years and 1 1 . 5 +/-4.8 years, respectively. Mean K-MMSE (Korean version of minimental examination) score was 27.63 +/-1 . 7 4 . Mean scores of 4 individual tests of the Korean version of 7MS significantly correlated with education level(for each, p < 0.01), but not with age. The mean score of clock drawing test in men was significantly greater than that of women ( p < 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: We provide normal values of Benton orientation test, Enhanced cued recall and Category flu-ency according to educational level (more than 6 years and 6 years or less than it), and those of Clock drawing test according to gender and education level.
Aged ; Dementia ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Physicians, Family ; Primary Health Care ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical disorders and prevalent/incident insomnia in a community dwelling older population. METHODS: 1,204 people aged 65 or over evaluated at baseline. Insomnia was defined as difficulty in initiation or maintenance of sleep on at least three nights per week over the last month. Reported physical disorders covering 11 common and generally chronic health problems were ascertained. Covariates included were age, gender, education, housing, past occupation, current employment, and depression. Of 879 without insomnia at baseline, 651 (74%) were followed 2 years later, and incident insomnia was evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalent insomnia was significantly associated with 10 of 11 physical disorders. Incident insomnia was associated with 2 physical disorders: eyesight problems and hearing difficulty. Both prevalent and incident insomnia were significantly associated with increased number of physical disorders. CONCLUSION: Certain physical disorders were comorbid and precipitating factors of insomnia in elders.
Aged ; Aging ; Depression ; Employment ; Hearing ; Housing ; Humans ; Occupations ; Precipitating Factors ; Prospective Studies ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders