In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

It has been suggested that the frictional force between bracket and arch wire may impede the tooth movement. The present study was aimed to compare and analyze the effect of wire size, type of ligation, and duration of ligation on the magnitude of frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and stainless steel bracket under the artificial saliva. The results were as follows: 1. Type of ligation and size of wire were the main influencing factor on the level of friction. 2. Stainless steel ligature generated higher frictional forces thanelastomeric module. 3. The rectangular wire consistently exhibited more frictional force values than round wires, while there was no significant difference between frictional forces of round wires. 4. In elastic ligature, frictional force decreased with time. 5. Artificial saliva had no significant influence on the frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and bracket.
Chromium ; Cobalt ; Friction* ; Ligation ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Saliva, Artificial* ; Stainless Steel ; Tooth Movement

The ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations were performed in order to diagnose a suspected neoplastic orinfectious diseases in 52 patients with focal liver disease. Of these, neoplastic lesions were suspected in 31patients and infectious lesions in 21 patients ultrasonically and/or clinically. The overall accuracy for bothsuspected malignant and infectious disease was 79%(41/52). The primary indication for fine needle aspiration wasto document the presense of malignancy and to avoid a diagnostic laparotomy, and to drain hepatic abscesses.Consequently we were convinced that the ultasound
Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Methods ; Needles ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The relationship between menopausal status at diagnosis and the prognosis in breast carcinoma remains uncertain. However, it is widely considered that breast cancer in young women is more lethal than in older patients. We therefore attempted to determine whether menopausal status could be a useful prognostic factor for breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of premenopausal women who had undergone a definite operation between Jan. 1997 and Dec. 1998 in the Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center. Clinical features, histopathologic findings, and prognostic factors were evaluated and compared with those for the equivalent surgical group of postmenopausal women. RESULTS: There were 207 cases (86.3%) of infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 10 (4.2%) of infiltrating lobular carcinomas, 6 (2.5%) of ductal carcinomas in situ, and 16 (6.7%) of special type cancers which showed good prognosis. There were some differences in these incidences from those of the postmenopausal women, but they were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Tumor size and lymph nodal status showed no difference between the two groups (P=0.288), nor were there any significant differences in terms of TNM stage, ER/PR status, nuclear or histologic grade (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There were little differences in pathologic and prognostic factors between premenopausal and postme no- pausal breast cancer patients. Premenopausal status and young age did not have poorer prognostic factors and were predicted to have not worse prognosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The relationship between menopausal status at diagnosis and the prognosis in breast carcinoma remains uncertain. However, it is widely considered that breast cancer in young women is more lethal than in older patients. We therefore attempted to determine whether menopausal status could be a useful prognostic factor for breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of premenopausal women who had undergone a definite operation between Jan. 1997 and Dec. 1998 in the Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center. Clinical features, histopathologic findings, and prognostic factors were evaluated and compared with those for the equivalent surgical group of postmenopausal women. RESULTS: There were 207 cases (86.3%) of infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 10 (4.2%) of infiltrating lobular carcinomas, 6 (2.5%) of ductal carcinomas in situ, and 16 (6.7%) of special type cancers which showed good prognosis. There were some differences in these incidences from those of the postmenopausal women, but they were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Tumor size and lymph nodal status showed no difference between the two groups (P=0.288), nor were there any significant differences in terms of TNM stage, ER/PR status, nuclear or histologic grade (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There were little differences in pathologic and prognostic factors between premenopausal and postme no-pausal breast cancer patients. Premenopausal status and young age did not have poorer prognostic factors and were predicted to have not worse prognosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic and CT findings of hepatosplenic tuberculosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and CT findings of confirmed hepatosplenic tuberculosis in 12patients. Six were men and six were women ; their average age was 41, and most were in their twenties. Lesions ofthe liver and spleen, as well as associated findings such as abdominal tuberculosis and other organ involvement oftuberculosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were three cases of hepatic tuberculosis, seven of splenictuberculosis, and two of hepatosplenic involvement of tuberculosis. On the basis of the ultrasonographic and CTfindings, hepatosplenic tuberculosis was classified as one of two patterns : miliary or micronodular, ormacronodular. The micronodular type was more common (9/12 cases) being characterized by innumerable micronodules,and with easy coalescence in the liver and spleen in five of the nine cases. The macronodular type of low densitymass was noted in the other three patients. Splenomegaly was noted in 12 cases and hepatomegaly in ten. Pulmonarytuberculosis-including the miliary type(n=5)-was noted in eight patients. Associated abdominal tuberculosis suchas lymphadenopathy with central low density and peripheral rim enhancement (n=6), tuberculous peritonitis(n=3),highly attenuated ascites(n=6), adrenal tuberculosis(n=1), renal tuberculosis(n=1), ovarian abscess(n=1), psoasabscess(n=1), and systemic tuberculosis such as central nervous system tuberculoma(n=2), cervicallymphadenopathy(n=4) and tuberculous spondylitis(n=1) were noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography and CT werevaluable in the detection and diagnosis of hepatosplenic tuberculosis
Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Splenomegaly ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; Tuberculosis, Hepatic ; Ultrasonography

A 38-year-old woman, affected by chronic myeloid leukemia, received a BMT from his HLA identical brother. A mild acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed during the first month after the BMT. A typical clinical and electrophysiological feature of myasthenia gravis (MG) developed 3 months after the BMT requiring medication with pyridostigmine and steroids. Laboratory findings including acetylcholine receptor antibody and other autoantibodies were negative. MG is a well-characterized autoimmune disease which, on rare occasions, is also diagnosed as chronic GVHD after BMT. We report a first case of MG during an acute GVHD period. Since the patient had a myasthenic symptom during an acute GVHD period and no evidence of antibody mediated autoimmunity, this is likely to be an immune complication of acute GVHD. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(1):60~61, 2001
Acetylcholine ; Adult ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Autoimmunity ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Siblings ; Steroids

A case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral pigmented nodular adrenal disease in a 35-year-old male is presented. The adrenals showed multiple, black, variable sized nodules. Histologically the cells contained lipofuscin and either had a clear cytoplasm or an eosinophilic cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus. Lymphocytic infiltration and fatty metaplasia within the nodules are two of the prominent histological features. There is extreme internodular atrophy which suggests that primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease is a non-adrenocorticotropic hormone dependent condition. Since the disorder appears to involve primarily the cortex of both adrenals, the treatment of choice is bilateral adrenalectomy followed by steroid replacement. The characteristic clinicopathological manifestations that separate this diagnosis from other types of adrenal disease are also discussed. This is the first reported case in Korea to be documented with the pertinent clinicopathological findings.
Adipose Tissue/pathology ; Adrenal Cortex/chemistry/*pathology/radiography/secretion/ultrasonography ; Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Atrophy ; Case Report ; Cushing Syndrome/*etiology/surgery ; Dexamethasone/diagnostic use ; Furosemide/diagnostic use ; Human ; Hydrocortisone/secretion ; Inflammation ; Lipofuscin/*analysis ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Organelles/ultrastructure

No abstract available.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Thoracic Cavity*

p27Kip1 protein, a negative cell cycle regulator in G1 progression, has been reported to be related with human cancers including colon, breast and non-small cell lung carcinomas. To elucidate a possible prognostic indicator, we studied 49 cases of human breast carcinoma for expression of p27Kip1 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with known prognostic parameters of the breast cancer. p27Kip1 protein was intensely stained in nuclei of carcinoma cells in 26 cases (53.1%). The expression rate of p27Kip1 protein was significantly higher in higher nuclear grade (p<0.05), lower histologic grade (p<0.01), lower N classification (p<0.001) and lower clinical stage (p<0.05) than in lower nuclear grade, higher histologic grade, higher N classification and higher clinical stage, respectively. p27Kip1 protein expression was significantly correlated with progesterone receptor status (p<0.05) or cyclin D expression (p<0.05). No statistical correlations were found between expression of p27Kip1 protein and other parameters including tumor size, estrogen receptor status, p53 overexpression and c-erbB-2 expression. The results suggest that reduced expression of p27Kip1 protein plays a role in biologically aggressive behavior of breast carcinoma and might contribute in predicting breast cancer patient's survival.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Classification ; Colon ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Estrogens ; Humans* ; Lung ; Phosphotransferases* ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone