Reflux esophagitis is considered as a commonly-seen esophageal disease.In recent years,certain advances were archived internationally in researches about its pathogenesis,treatment,complications,etc.This article reviewed advances in researches of reflux esophagitis in the year 2016.

Hypertension is a global problem,affecting both developed and developing nations. The mor-bidity of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased year by year in recent years. Hypertension in children can cause target organ damages(mainly renal,cardiovascular,central neurological,or optic fundal). In clinical practice,we need to find simple and easy methods for early recognition of target organ damages,thus se-rious consequences in adult hypertension may be prevented.

Prof. SHI Xue-min is the first one who proposes the theory of quantitative needling manipulation. This theory requires corresponding quantitative marker of each point. In order to meet this quantitative requirement, he set up strict and rigorous needling methods for each point. Part of his experience in this regard is introduced in this article.

ABSTRACT: "Association of the kidney with the ears" is central to the traditional Chinese medical (TCM) theory of the viscera and their manifestations. Previous studies have shown that thyroxin, aldosterone, calcium and iron might be the material basis of the correlation between the kidney and the ears. Due to restriction in research techniques and methods, there has been no further progress in this research field, whose modern biological mechanisms and scientific connotations have not been explained clearly. In recent years, the progress of biological techniques and research on kidney essence provided promising opportunities for research of the association between the kidney and the ears. This article summarized the study progress of "association of the kidney with the ears" theory and posed some meaningful study thoughts. Presbycusis is a kind of degenerative disease caused by aging, which is one aspect of aging of the human body. Because aging is considered as physiological "kidney deficiency", presbycusis can be regarded as a model of "kidney deficiency" deafness. In conclusion, investigating the correlation between "kidney deficiency" and presbycusis using biotechnology systems combined with "essence of kidney", should provide a sound basis for study of the theory of the relationship between the kidney and the ears. This will provide new and valuable information for the modern biological research about the theory of visceral associations in TCM.

The pathological changes of hallux valgus are diversity, including adduct of metatarsus primus, increasing of the intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsal bones, increasing of hallux valgus angle, dislocation of sesamoides, lost of soft tissue balancing. X-ray is the most important method to measure the pathological changes of hallux valgus. The multiformity of hallus valgus pathological changes makes manner of repairing variety. The main methods include operation on soft tissue, osseous surgery, fusion of joint and figuration of joints. The selection of the surgical methods should be individualization according to the idiographic pathological changes of hallux valgus patients.

BACKGROUND: At present, the artificial total hip replacement(THR) is the first choice of the hip joint disease for the old, and the choiceness rate is 84% according to the Harri' s grade, and the therapeutic effect is content. The occurrence rate of the sciatic nerve injury in the THR is reported to be 0.46% in and 0. 08%-9.7% abroad.OBJECTIVE: To study the influencing factors of the sciatic nerve injury in the THR through the anatomical location analysis.DESIGN: Single sample study based on the human anatomical samples.SETTING: Human Anatomy Laboratory in the Medical Department of the Huzhou Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed in the Human Anatomy Laboratory in the Medical Department of the Huzhou Normal University from March to May in 2003. There were 56 pelvis samples of the normal human adult cadaver, 27 males and 29 females.METHODS: The origins and the pathways of the sciatic nerves and the relation of the sciatic nerve and the acetabulum were analyzed, and the sciatic nerve injury induced by the clasp and the screw fixation in the THR was measured and analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The location relation of the sciatic nerve and the acetabulum.RESULTS: The distance between the sciatic nerve and the bottom of the acetabulum was(6.00 ±0. 85) mm on the left and(6.00 ±0. 71) mm on the right. The distance between the sciatic nerve and the edge of the acetabulum was(13.00 ±0. 75) mm on the left and(14.00 ±0.06) mm on the right. The SN circumference on the edge of the acetabulum was(32.00 ± 0. 28) mm on the left and(31.00 ± 0.68) mm on the right. The distance between the bottom of the acetabulum and the greater sciatic foramen was(29.00 ±0. 36)mm on the left and(29.00 ±0.24) mm on the right.CONCLUSION: It is confirmed that the clasp and the screw fixation can be done on the safe region at the 1-3 o' clock and the 5-6 o' clock. The obsolete fracture and dislocation of the acetabulum, the unsuitable clasp location and the unsuitable location of screw fixation may induce the iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on tumor angiogenesis, and its usage in tumor therapy. Methods　The recent literatures about VEGF and angiogenesis were reviewed and analyzed. The advances of VEGF study were summarized. The effects of anti-angiogenesis in tumor biological therapy were introduced.Results　Angiogenesis had been identified as an important factor for promoting tumor growth. VEGF was a basic and pivotal factor in tumor angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis treatments aimed at VEGF, including the applications of VEGF inhibitor and gene therapy of adenovirus medium, had got great progress. Conclusion　 VEGF is a leading factor of tumor angiogenesis, the anti-angiogenesis therapy aimed at VEGF has probably provided a new chance to malignant tumor treatment.