No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: To study the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, many investigators have reported the methods to detect cell proliferation in tissues including PCNA, thymidine autoradiography, flow cytometry and Ki-67. PCNA, also known as cyclin, is a cell related nuclear protein with 36KD intranuclear polypeptide that is maximally elevated in S phase of proliferating cells. In this study, PCNA was identified by paraffin-embedding tissue using immunohistochemistry which has an advantage of simplicity and maintenance of tissue architecture. The variation of PCNA expression is known to be related with proliferating fraction, histologic type, anatomic(TNM) stage, degree of cell differentiation, S-phase fraction and survival rate. We analyzed the correlation between PCNA expression and S-phase fraction, survival. METHODS: To investigate expression of PCNA in primary lung cancer, we used immunohistochemical stain to paraffin-embedded sections of 57 resected primary non-small cell lung cancer specimen and the results were analyzed according to the cell type, cell differentiation, TNM stage, S-phase fraction and survival. RESULTS: PCNA expression was dMded into five group according to degree of staging(-, +, ++, +++,++++). Squamous cell type showed high positivity than in adenocarcinoma. Nonsignificant difference related to TNM stage was noticed. Nonsignificant difference related to degree of cell differentiation was noticed. S-phase fraction was increased wit advance of PCNA positivity, but t could not reach the statistic significance. The 2 year survival rate and median survival time were -50% 13 months, +75% 41.3 months, ++73% 33.6 months, +++67% 29.0 months, ++++25% 9 months with statistic significance (P<0.05, Kaplan-Meier, generalized Wilcox). CONCLUSION: From this study. PCNA expression was high positive n squamous cell cancer. And, there was no relationship between PCNA positivity and TNM stage, cellular differentiation or S-phase fraction. But, the patients with high positive PCNA staining showed poor survival rate than the patients with lower positive PCNA. It was concluded that PCNA immunostaining is a simple and useful method for survival prediction in paraffin embedded tissue of non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Autoradiography ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclins ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Nuclear Proteins ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Research Personnel ; S Phase ; Survival Rate* ; Thymidine

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Hip Joint* ; Hip*

No abstract available.
Exostoses*

To determine the neuromuscular effect and its reversals of gentamicin, alone or in combination with metocurine, pharmacodynamic studies were done using a common peroneal nerve- anterior tibialis muscle preparation in 24 adult cats weighing 2.5-4.0 kg. The median effective dose of gentamicin obtained by cumulative dose-response study was 21.6+/-4.83 mg/kg. Under the pretreatment of gentamicin, the onset and duration of metocurine was 1.32+/-0.91 min and 28.8+/-10.95 min, respectively. There was no significant difference in the recovery indicies for its reversal between neostigmine and calcium. Each values of recovery indices were 1.85+/-0.65 and 2.05+/-1.00 min with neostigmine and calcium, respectively. These results suggested that gentamicin by itself had neuromuscular blocking effect. With the pretreatrnent of gentamicin, the onset of metocurine was shortened to one third and its duration was prolonged as much as seven times. Additionally, metocurine induced neuromuscular block with pretreatment of gentamicin was reversed completely.
Adult ; Animals ; Calcium* ; Cats* ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Agents ; Neuromuscular Blockade*

Dieulafoys lesion consists of abnormally large gastric submucosal artery which ruptures into the stomach causing massive or recurrent intragikstric bleeding. The lesion is very small and easily overlooked even at laparatomy and aan only be correctly diagnosed by endoscopy or arteriography if the patient is actively bleeding. Three patients who were admitted with bleeding of upper gastrointestinal tract and eventually diagnosed as having Dieulafoys lesions were analysed. All were men with age range of 44 to 55 years. All patient were asymptomatic before presenting with hematemesis. Two of the three patients had had history of upper Gl bleeding. One patient used analgesics daily for ureteral colic and two patient drank alcohol excessively. Gastroscopy was performed during the bleeding episode in all three patients. Dieulafoy's lesion was seen in all three cases and in the second case, there was concomittent diffuse petechia in the whole stomach. The lesion was situated on the posterior wall of upper body in one, on anterior wall of upper body in another, lesser curvature side of gastric fundus in the other case. All three patient underwent laparotomy for persistent bleeding and the lesion was suture ligated only in two patients while in one patient vagotomy and pyloroplasty was added. Resection biopsy was performed in two cases and both revealed only normal gastric mucosa. All patients discharged after complete recover.
Analgesics ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Biopsy ; Endoscopy ; Gastric Fundus ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastroscopy ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Renal Colic ; Rupture ; Stomach ; Sutures ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Vagotomy

Extraosseous pulmonary chondrosarcoma is a rare neoplasm, which is characterized into two groups. One is termed a primary chondrosarcoma, and arise de novo (bronchial cartilage), the other is termed a secondary chondrosarcoma, and is superimposed on preexisting benign cartilagenous neoplasms, such as a chondroma or hamartoma. The preferred treatment is surgical resection. We recently experienced a secondary chondrosarcoma changed from a hamartoma.A 54-year-old woman was referred to our hospital becaused of an abnormal chest X-ray with mild dyspnea. We performed a percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy and sputum examination. The abnormal mass had been diagnosed as a chondromatous hamortoma wit active pulmonary tuberculosis, which had been treated with anti-tuberculosis regimens. Despite her medication, and abnormal mass had grown. Therefore, we undertook a pneumonectomy with chest wall reconstruction.Histopathologically, the mass was grade II, dedifferenciated chondrosarcoma, with chronic granulomatous inflammation and necrosis.We suggest this case had changed from a chondromatous hamartoma to a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, with associated pulmonary tuberculosis. We report this case with a brief literature review.
Biopsy, Needle ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; Sputum ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase is the main target enzyme for the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have been shown to suppress carcinogenesis in both experimental models and epidemiological studies. COX-2 plays an important role in solid tumor growth, invasiveness and angiogenesis, through, in part, the synthesis of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In this study, the prognostic significance of an increase in COX-2 expression in lung cancer samples was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression of COX-2, by immunohistochemistry, was studied in paraffin-embedded tumor blocks obtained from 84 patients(male 67, female 17, with a mean age of 63, ranging from 34 to 84 years) who had undergone surgery at Wonkwang University Hospital, between 1997 and 2002. For the evaluation of the relationships between COX-2 expression, and the clinical stage, metastasis to lymph nodes and survival, those cases showing the respective antigen expression in >10% of the tumor cells were considered positive. RESULT: Of the 84 patients, 61 (73%) exhibited more than 10% COX-2 immunoreactivities in the tumor and normal cells, whereas the remaining 23 showed no increase in the expression of COX-2. There was no significant relationship between the increased expression of COX-2 and the disease stage(p=0.1002) or cell type(p=0.152). The median survival was longer for the patients with a negative, compared to positive, COX-2 expression(36 compared to 24 months, p<0.05). The two year-survival rate was also higher in the patients with a negative COX-2 expression (78%) than those with a positive expression (47%, Kaplan-Meier, Log Rank, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The median survival was longer in the patients with a negative, compared to positive, COX-2 expression was longer than those with positive COX-2, having undergone complete resection due to primary non-small cell lung cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Dinoprostone ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Models, Theoretical ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes, which are in volved in the degradation of many different components of the extracellular matrix. There is increasing evidence indicating that individual MMPs have important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. A tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMPs) has been reported to inhibit tumor invasion by inactivating the MMPs. In this study, the correlation between MMPs and TIMPs expression, and the clinical outcome was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1,2 were performed on paraffin-embedded tumor sections from 74 resected primary non-small cell lung cancers. RESULTS: In 74 patients, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 24 (34%), 19(26%), 27(36%) and 32(43%) of the paraffin-embedded tumors, respectively. The median survival of the MMP-2 positive cases was significantly shorter than that of the negative cases(20 vs 34 months). The median survival of the TIMP-2 positive cases was also was significantly longer than that of negative case (34 vs 18 months). The MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression level had a positively correlation with a more advanced stage and lymph node metastasis. There was inverse correlation between TIMP-2 expression and tumor invasion. The median survival of the MMP-2 negative/TIMP-2 positive cases was higher than that of the other cases. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis are closely related to MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. There was an inverse correlation between TIMP-2 MMP-9 expression, and tumor invasion.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2

BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, and it induces apoptosis in a variety of solid tumor cell lines including non-small cell lung cancer cells. However, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAID) can enhance tumor response to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation. It was previously demonstrated that a combination treatment with As2O3 and sulindac induces the apoptosis of NCI-H157 human lung carcinoma cells by activating the caspase cascade. This study aimed to determine if a combination treatment augmented its apoptotic potential through other pathways except for the activation of the caspase cascade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The NCI-H157 cells were treated with As2O3, sulindac and antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The cell viability was measured by a MTT assay, and the level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation was monitored fluorimetrically using a scopoletin-horse radish peroxidase (HRP) assay. Western blotting and mitochondrial membrane potential transition analysis were performed in order to define the mechanical basis of apoptosis. RESULTS: The viability of the cells was decreased by a combination treatment of As2O3 and sulindac, and the cells were protected using antioxidants in a dose-dependent manner. The increased H2O2 generation by the combination treatment was inhibited by antioxidants. The combination treatment induced changes in the mitochondrial tran-smembrane potential as well as the expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins, and increased cytochrome c release into the cytosol. However, the antioxidants inhibited the effects of the combination treatment. CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with As2O3 and sulindac induces apoptosis in NCI-H157 human lung carcinoma cells via ROS generation with a mitochondrial dysfunction.
Acetylcysteine ; Antioxidants ; Apoptosis* ; Arsenic* ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Glutathione ; Humans* ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Lung* ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Peroxidase ; Raphanus ; Sulindac*