Avariety of symptoms can occur following traumatic brain injury(TBI) or other types of acquired brain injury. These symptoms can include problems with short-term memory, attention, planning, problem solving, impulsivity, disinhibition, poor motivation, and other behavioral and cognitive deficit. These symptoms may respond to certain drugs, such as dopaminergic agents. Amantadine may protect patients from secondary neuronal damage after brain injury as a effects of NMDA receptor antagonists and may improve functioning of brain-injured patients as a dopaminergic agonist. Clinically, based on current evidence, amantadine may provide a potentially effective, safe, and inexpensive option for treating the cognitive, mood and behavioral disorders of individuals with brain injury. The rationales for using amantadine are discussed, and pertinent literatures are reviewed.
Amantadine* ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Dopamine Agents ; Dopamine Agonists ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Memory, Short-Term ; Motivation ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Problem Solving

We reported two cases of amantadine treatment in traumatic brain injury patients and reviewed the literature of amantadine treatment of those patients. Problems with short-term memory, attention, planning, problem solving, impulsivity, disinhibition, poor motivation, and other behavioral and cognitive dificit could occur following traumatic brain injury or other types of acquired brain injury. this report described results of amantadine using in two patients with this type of symptom profile. Patients received neuropsychiatric examination as well as BPRS and Barthel index. These patients were improved, respectively from 57 point to 82 point(case 1), from 85 to 94(case 2) in Barthel index, and from 66 point to 35 point(case 1), from 55 to 32 point(case 2) in BPRS. These two patients did not reveal any other adverse effect. The rationale for using amantadine were discussed.
Amantadine* ; Brain Injuries* ; Dopamine Agonists ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Memory, Short-Term ; Motivation ; Problem Solving

Twelve cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system experienced between 1980 and 1990 were investigated by histological and immunohistochemical findings correlated with clinical observation. Of the 12 patients, 6 were male and 6 were female. Their ages ranged from 31 to 58 years(mean, 45.8 years). All Tumors were supratentorial except 1 case which was found in the spinal cord. The fronto-parietal lobe was the most common site, which accounted for 66.7%. Histologically, all the tumors showed unfavorable histology. Diffuse large cell type was the most frequent(66.7%). Immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies revealed predominance of B-cell phenotype. Although most cases were treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation, the outcome was poor in all.
Female ; Male ; Humans

Granulomatous(lobular) mastitis is a distinct disease entity of unknown etiology which is characterized by noncaseating granulomatous lobulocentric inflammation. We describe a rare case of granulomatous(lobular) mastitis of a 36 year-old pregnant woman a review of the literature. The mass which was discovered in the third month of her pregnancy, began as a localized, nontender mass on the left breast and persisted during her entire pregnancy. It decreased slightly in size when she began taking post-partum bromocriptine. Clinically and mammographically, the mass was highly suspected as a carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. Fine needle aspiration smears revealed numerous aggregates of granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes admixed with multinucleated giant cells of Langhans' and foreign body type, and collections of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ziehl-Neelsen, silver methenamine and PAS stain were negative for acid-fast bacilli, fungus, and bacilli on the smear respectively. Histologically, granulomatous inflammation was centered on the breast lobules. Caseation necrosis was absent, instead, numerous microabscesses were formed in the center of the granulomas. Cultures of the fresh tissue for the AFB, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungus were all negative. Excision of the mass was performed without further treatment and there was no recurrence of the mass 6 months postoperatively. An autoimmune mechanism, infection, and some association with oral contraceptives have been suggested as etiologic factors in the literature.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Leukemia is a rare disease in the newborn infant. We have presented an autopsy case of congenital acute myelocytic leukemia in a female neonate and discussecd with review of literature. At birth, she was relatively in good health with 4.2 kg in body weight except a large cephalhematoma on left parietal scalp and multiple subcutaneous nodules with ecchymosis on entire body surface. Hemoglobin concentration was 12.0 gm/, Hct 34.6% and erythrocyte count was 2.24 millions. Of 212,400 leukocytes/mm2, 47% were myeloblast. Biopsy of skin nodules reveal leukemia cutis, which disappear dramatically with anticancer drug. The infant was expired 12 days after admission due to intracerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Biopsy

Leukemia is a rare disease in the newborn infant. We have presented an autopsy case of congenital acute myelocytic leukemia in a female neonate and discussecd with review of literature. At birth, she was relatively in good health with 4.2 kg in body weight except a large cephalhematoma on left parietal scalp and multiple subcutaneous nodules with ecchymosis on entire body surface. Hemoglobin concentration was 12.0 gm/, Hct 34.6% and erythrocyte count was 2.24 millions. Of 212,400 leukocytes/mm2, 47% were myeloblast. Biopsy of skin nodules reveal leukemia cutis, which disappear dramatically with anticancer drug. The infant was expired 12 days after admission due to intracerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Kidney Transplantation*

We report a case of secretory carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 21-year old woman. She was aware of a mass in her breast for 10 years and noticed a rapid growth of the preexisting mass during the last years. Histologically, the tumor was composed of micropapillary and microcystic or cribriform glandular structures which contained eosinophilic, mucinous, intraluminal secretions. The center had a dense hyalinized strama with a solid infiltrative growth of tumor cells with intracytoplasmic secretory vacuoles at the periphery. In addition, marked intraductal papillary epithelial proliferations were present at the superficial portions of the tumor near the nipple. Prognostic factors and their relationship to juvenile papillomatosis are discussed with a review of the literature.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

Mullerian adenosarcoma is a tumor composed of a mixture of glandular and stromal elements in which the glandular component appear to be neoplastic but, histologically, benign with the stromal component showing varying degrees of malingancy. We report a case of ovarian m llerian adenosarcoma with sex cord stroma differentiation in the stromal components. A 57 year-old female who presented with palpable mass in the right lower abdomen had undergone through salingo-oophorectomy. Grossly, the ovary was multicystic, and partly showed a solid appearance with multiple polypoid projections into the dilated cystic spaces. On microscopic examination, the tumor consisted of benign to borderline epithelial glands that were lined by variety of mullerian epithelia and sarcomatous component with sex cord-stromal elements, which include sertoliform tubules, Leydig cell like clusters, and granulosa cells.
Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and epiderrnal and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration. The etiology of this disease is still unclear. Recently, there has been growing interest in the probable role of a T cell mediated immune response in the pathogetiesis of psoriasis. The infiltrating cells in psoriatic lesions have been iden- tified by monoclonal ant~ibodies and T cells were found to be the major infiltrating type. OBJECTIVE: This stud was done to investigate the difference of cellular infiltration and adhesion molecule exg!ressions between early and late skin lesions of psoriasis using immunohistochernical studies. Methpds : Patients with psoriatic lesions were divided into two groups. The early gr oup were defined as having skin lisions that had lasted for about 4 weeks, and late group were defined as having skin lesions that had lasted for more than 8 weeks. Then biopsy specirnens were stained using monoclonal antibidies for CD4, CD8, CD1, LFA-1, and ICAM l. RESULTS: 1. CD4 positive cells,vere tly increased in both the early and late groups compared with CD8 positive cells. Z. CD8 positive cells were significantly increased in the late g~roup compared with the early group. 3. CDl-posit,ive dendri!ic cells were more nurnerous in the late group than the early group. 4. There were no significant differences between the early and late group with regard to numbers of LFA-1 positive (ells. 5. ICAM-1 were more strongly expressed on epidermal keratinocytes in the late than the early group. CONCLUSION: CD4-positive cells are important in early and late psoriatic lesions and CD8 positive cells playi more important role in late than early lesions. ICAM-1 and LI'A-1 play a role in cell adhesion of infiltrating cells and lymphocytic rnigration to the epidermis.
Biopsy ; Cell Adhesion ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Keratinocytes ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes