Sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in endometrial cancer is still in the exploration stage. But a good many studies have confirmed the feasibility of SLN detection in patients with early endometrial cancer. Higher detection rate of SLN can be achieved by the combination of blue dye and radiocolloid. Compared with intracervical injection, more injections at different sites of the uterine corpus and hysteroscopic injection may improve SLN detection rate and para-aortic SLN detection rate. SLN detection rates are also related to some other factors such as the amount of tracers, the interval between injection and detection, and the depth of myometrium invasion. Serial-step section of SLN combined with immunohistochemistry staining with anti-cyto-keratin may improve the detection of micrometastasis (MM) in SLN. SLN procedure can detect MM which cannot be found by traditional pathological techniques. The ultrastaging will allow better stratification of patients at intermediate risk and can provide valuable informaiton for the selection of adjuvant therapy, thus decreasing the recurrent rate.

Objective To summarize the experience in the treatment of cardiac and thoracic aortic injury.Methods 30 patients with cardiac and thoracic aortic injury from 1996 to 2007 are retrospectively studied,including the diagnosis,preoperative preparation,main points of the operation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Results 24 patients were completely cured,having no residual in the follow-up periods.4 patients with multiple wound died of complication.2 patients with thoracic aortic injury died in the operation.Conclusion Prompt diagnosis after injury,fast preoperative preparation,precise operative approach and technique,effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation and refraining from omitting associated injury are the key points to the salvage of cardiac and thoracic aortic injury.

Objective To compare the different dehydrations of microwave-vacuurn drying and high temperature drying on contents of the major effective in fructus momordicae.Methods Using two different drying methods for processing of fructus momordicae, the mogroside Ⅴ, vitamin C in dried products which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to a main indicator for comparing different drying methods.Results The contents of mogroside Ⅴ in fructus momordicae which processed by microwave-vacuum drying, microwave-vacuum drying after ripening treatment and high temperature drying were 1.14％, 1.19％ and 0.60％;the contents of vitamin C were 0.21％, 0.30％ and 0.000 06％.Conclusion The processing method of microwave-vacuum drying to keep active components is obviously better than which of high temperature drying.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of compound kushen injection (CKI)in the treatment for patients with advanced liver cancers.Methods Relevantly randomized controlled trials from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP),Wanfang Data,and Pubmed were searched until November,2014.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of supportive care compared with combined therapy of CKI in the treatment for patients with advanced liver cancers were included.The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed independently with bias risk according to the Cochrane collaboration.All data were analyzed with the Review Manager 5.3.Results Eight RCTs involving 472 patients were included.The meta-analysis results suggested that the shortterm efficacy of the treatment group be higher (P =0.008) and that the pain relief be a significant benefit in the treatment group (P ＜0.01).Adverse reactions were not observed.Conclusions CKI is an effective and safe adjuvant drug for advanced liver cancers.

Objective:To sduty the effect of β-lactam antibiotics efiriaxone on the levels of glutamate and glutamate transporter subtype-1 in hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rats.Methods: All rats were divided randomly into three groups:sham group;TBI group and CTX group.The rat model of TBI were made by modified Feeney method ,and treated with ceftriaxone immediately after injury ( 200 mg/kg ).Wet-dry weight method was used to evaluate brain edema.The content of glutamate in hippocampus was measured with the high performance liquid chromatography.The expression of GLT-1 in hippocampus areas was tested by immunohisto-chemical and Western blot methods.Results:Compared with TBI group ,TBI-induced cerebral edema was significantly attenuated ( P<0.05 ) , the content of glutamate in hippocampus was were significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ) , the level of GLT-1 were significantly increased in CTX group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: β-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone can block the excitatory neurotoxicity , reduce the extent of brain edema.

The bovine basilar artery vascular smooth muscle cells(BAVSMC S) were isolated and cultured.The effects of chitosan and enalaprilat on the proliferation of BAVSMC S induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) were evaluated with MTT method,the DNA synthesis in BAVSMC S was measured by thymidine incorporation and total protein of BAVSMC S was detected by coomassie brilliant blue method.The results showed that chitosan can inhibit the proliferation of BAVSMC S induced by AngⅡ in a time and concentration dependent manner,and depress thymidine incorporation of BAVSMC S induced by AngⅡ in a concentration dependent manner chitosan can reduce the content of protein in BAVSMC S induced by AngⅡ.These findings suggested that chitosan is capable of producing an inhibitory effect on proliferation of bovine basilar artery vascular smooth muscle cells induced by AngⅡ .

Objective To observe the influences of electroacupuncture(EA) on the morphological changes in neurons and glia cells in sacral dorsal commissural nucleus(SDCN) of rats with ulcerative colitis(UC),and study the mechanism of acupuncture in modulating central nervous system in UC.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group,UC model group,EA Tsusanli group(UC plus EA at Tsusanli acupoint) and EA non-acupoint group(UC plus EA non-acupoint group).According to the acupuncture duration,EA Tsusanli group was divided into three subgroups: 1-day,3-day and 5-day subgroup(8 rats for each subgroup).UC model of rats was reproduced by instillation of a solution containing ethanol and 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS) into the distal colon.When the treatment was ended,all the rats were sacrificed and SDCN slides were prepared.The expressions of Fos,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and OX42 immunoreactivity in SDCN were assessed and calculated by using single or double immunohistochemical methods.Results In the three experimental groups,the Fos-positive neurons,GFAP-positive astrocytes and OX42-positive microglia were mainly expressed in SDCN.In UC model group and EA non-acupoint group,the expressions of Fos,GFAP and OX42 immunoreactivity were stronger than those in EA Tsusanli group(P

To construct a lentiviral shRNA vector targeting human protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent (PPM1D) gene and detect its effectiveness of gene silencing in human gliomas, specific siRNA targets with short hairpin frame were designed and synthesized. DNA oligo was cloned into the pFU-GW-iRNA lentiviral expression vector, and then PCR and sequencing analyses were conducted to verify the constructs. After the verified plasmids were transfected into 293T cells, the lentivirus was produced and the titer of virus was determined. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the PPM1D expression level in the infected glioma cells. PCR and Western blot analyses revealed the optimal interfering target, and the virus with a titer of 6×10(8) TU/mL was successfully packaged. The PPM1D expression in human glioma cells was knocked down at both mRNA and protein levels by virus infection. The expression of PPM1D mRNA and protein was decreased by 76.3% and 87.0% respectively as compared with control group. The multiple functions of human glioma cells after PPM1D RNA interference were detected by flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Efficient down-regulation of PPM1D resulted in significantly increased cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation and invasion potential in U87-MG cells. We have successfully constructed the lentiviral shRNA expression vector capable of stable PPM1D gene silencing at both mRNA and protein levels in glioma cells. And our data gave evidence that the reduced cell growth observed after PPM1D silencing in glioma cells was at least partly due to increased apoptotic cell death.

Objective To investigate the change of serum pentraxin3 level in different body mass indices groups among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and to analyze its correlation with metabolic indices.Methods A total of 164 T2DM patients were divided into the normal body mass group (A,n=53),over-weight group (B,n=56) and obese group(C,n=55) according to BMI.Serum pentraxin3 level was assayed by ELISA.Then the relationship between serum pentraxin3 levels with BMI.blood glucose,blood lipid andHOMA-IR was analyzed.Results The pentraxin3 levels in the group A,B and C were (3.46±0.19),(2.47 ± 0.21),(1.44 ± 0.18) ng/mL respectively,the pairwise comparison among three groups showed the statistical difference (P＜0.05).The pentraxin3 level was negatively correlated with BMI,TG,LDL-C,FINS and HOMA-IR (r=-0.897,0.621,-0.232,-0.593,-0.487,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI and HOMA-IR were independently correlated with serum pentraxin31evel.Conclusion BMI and HOMA-IR are the independent risk factor for af fecting serum pentraxin3 level in T2DM patients.

Objective Monocular deprivation(MD) and binocular deprivation(BD) were used to examine the experience\|dependent structural plasticity of astrocytes in the central visual brain regions of young rats. Methods Pups eyelids were monocularly or binocularly sutured on postnatal day 7(P7) and maintained until 80?d,while an unoperated light experienced group was used for comparisions(L).Immunohistochemical ABC method was employed to investigate the immunoreactive changes of astrocytic bodies and processes for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) in the central visual brain regions. Results The results showed that the amount of astrocytic bodies and processes in the brain was decreased both in MD and BD groups compared to L group.The amount of GFAP\|positive immunoreactivity in the optic chiasma,optic tract,and contralateral central visual brain regions (including suprachiasmatic nucleus,lateral geniculate nucleus,occipital visual cortex,optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus and pretectal area) was significantly decreased in MD group.GFAP\|positive structures presented complementary distribution in bilateral visual cortex.For bilateral brain regions mentioned above,the amount of GFAP\|positive structures basically disappeared in BD group.There was,however,an increase in the olfactory cortex of GFAP immunoreactive in MD and BD groups. Conclusion\ The data suggested that the structure of astrocytes might be influenced by visual experience during development.