Based of the study on the impact of protoplasts under different conditions of enzymolysis solution, culture time, enzymolysis time and enzymolysis temperature in sequence using orthogonal test. The best optimal condition of producing protoplast was :0.5% helicase add 0.5% lysozyme and 1.0% cellulase, enzymolysis time was 3 hours , enzymolysis temperature was 32℃,under these condition the production of protoplast can be 4.25?10~(6 )per mL. Ca~(2+) and PEG can increase the regeneration ratio of protoplast.After induced mutation by complex factor under DES,UV and LiCl,the mutagenesis strain which own increasing enzyme activity and transmissibility steaty was obtained.

In our university,the training for geriatric postgraduates of clinical medicine is now in the initial stage.Therefore,it is important to explore the training model to improve the quality of postgraduate.The program focused on cultivating geriatric postgraduates' ability of diagnosis and treatment,helping them have the concept of integral service and enhancing their teaching and thinking ability of clinical sciences to provide high-level comprehensive geriatric doctors for the society.

Objective: To find the reason of risk on medical equipment. Methods: Based on RCA, to adopt the event classification to evaluate the X-ray equipment, high-frequency electro tome, electro-cardiac monitor, infusion pump, ventilator, defibrillators and infant incubator, discuss the root cause of medical risk. Results:To deduce the medical equipment risk by PM and quality control. Conclusion:With the analysis of quality control, the application of RCA is gradually explained in management of medical equipment.

BACKGROUND:It is confirmed that the onset of osteoarthritis is closely related to inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and their correlation with the severity of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Synovial fluid specimens of 78 patients were harvested to detect the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 using ELISA assay. The severity of osteoarthritis was estimated by the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to explore the pairwise correlations between interleukin-6, matrix metaloproteinase-3 and HSS score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluid were (13.1±5.7) and (989.3±429.5) μg/L, respectively; the HSS score was (56.4±12.0) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 had a significant positive correlation (r=0.70,P< 0.001); the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 had a negative correlation with the HSS scores (r=-0.70,r=-0.75,P < 0.001). Experimental findings show that there is a positive correlation between interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluids, and these two cytokines also have a positive correlation with the severity of osteoarthritis, indicating that to measure interleukin-6 and matrix metaloproteinase-3 levels in the synovial fluids of osteoarthritis patients is important for early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective]To observe the effect of abdominal acupuncture combined with body acupuncture on chloasma of stagnation of the liver-type. [Method] 30 patients were randomized into treatment group and control group, 15 in each. Treatment group were given abdominal needle combining acupuncture treatment, control group were only given acupuncture treatment. Each group were treated once a day, 5 times made a course, after each course had a rest for 2 days. After 4 courses, to observe the effect and the skin color score, and area score and declined index. [Results]After treatment, the two groups were effective, but the treatment group was more obvious, and scores difference compared with the control group was statistically significant(P<0.01). The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group 86.67% in the control group, there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). [Conclusion]Abdominal hepatic stagnation type treated by acupuncture combined with body acupuncture on chloasma treatment, no pain or abdominal pain to a lesser degree, even more easily accepted by patients, is better than body acupuncture.

Objective To investigate the distribution of intramuscular nerves in the different skeletal muscles of the rabbit. Methods Muscle architecture and modified sihler's neural staining methods were used. Results The nerve branches of innervating flat M.pectoralis major arose from the anterior pectoral and posterior pectoral nerve.The former innervated cross fibers mainly,it penetrated the middle of muscle belly and formed a “U-Shaped” nerve ansa.The latter innervated oblique fibers mainly.There were many anastomoses between them.The nerve of pennate M.plantaris derived from tibial nerve.After entering muscle,the nerve trunk gradually divided into many primary branches toward medial and lateral fibers,these branches then subdivided into numerous arboroid second and terminal branches toward all of muscle fibres;The nerve of innervating spindle M.extensor digitorum longus came from N.fibularis communis.Two extramuscular nerve trunk were seen.Superior trunk mainly innervated those muscle fibers of inserting in the second toe,Inferior one mainly distributed to the fibers of rest within this muscle.Conclusion The spatial arrangement of the muscle fibres were related to distribution of the intramuscular nerves;Walking of intramuscular nerve branches had two patterns which run perpendicular and/or parallel to muscle fasciculi.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of insulin on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods GDM patients were randomly divided into group A and group B,group B were treated with short term intensive insulin pump therapy,and group A were treated with insulin pump in short term combined with biosynthetic human insulin therapy.Results The body mass index and diabetes family history rates pre-pregnancy in group B were significantly higher than group A(P<0.05).Logistic analysis showed that family history of BMI pre-pregnancy and diabetes family history were independent risk factors for GDM drug treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the group B,the improvement of blood glucose levels and the incidence of complications in patients with group A were better than the former(P<0.05).Conclusion Rational application of insulin can improve the efficacy of clinical treatment of GDM, reduce the incidence of complications, with high safety.

Ras is a kind of protein closely related to neoplasms,the persistent activation of which would induce tumorigenesis and progression.RASAL1 is a Ca~(2+) regulated ras GTPase-activating-like protein, the loss or decreased expression of RASAL1 induces ras activation, then results in tumongenesis and progression.In this review we sum up the mechanism of ras activation, the relationship between neoplasms and RASAL1 and the mechanism of RASAL1 expression decreasing.

Objective To explore effect of miR‐302a on proliferation and apoptosis in folate deficiency mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) .Methods The cases were divided into complete culture medium group (control group) ,folate‐deficient culture medi‐um group (folate‐deficient group) ,folate‐deficient culture medium plus miR‐302a mimic group (miR‐302a group) .The expression of miR‐302a was examed by RT‐PCR in control group and folate‐deficient group .To construct miR‐302a mimic and then was trans‐fected into the folate‐deficient culture medium mESC .Effect of miR‐302a mimic on mESC viability was detected by MTT assay ,the effect of miR‐302a mimic on mESC apoptosis was examed by Annexin V‐FITC/PI flow dual‐staining method ,the effect of miR‐302a mimic on mESC cycle was examed by flow cytometry .The activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and expression of CyclinD1 ,p21 and p27 was assayed by Western blot . Results The expression of miR‐302a was lower in folate‐deficient group(P<0 .01) .Compared with control group ,the viability of mESC was lower ,the apoptosis of mESC was higher ,the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase ,the level of phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR was lower ,the expression of CyclinD1 was lower ,the expression of p21 and p27 was higher in folate‐deficient group , with statistical significance (P<0 .01) .Compared with folate‐deficient group ,the viability of mESC was higher ,the apoptosis of mESC was lower ,G1 phase was shortened ,the level of phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR was higher ,the expression of CyclinD1 was higher ,the expression of p21 and p27 was lower in miR‐302a group with statistical significance (P<0 .01) .Conclusion These results suggested miR‐302a exerted anti‐apoptosis and promote cell proliferation in folate‐deficient culture medium ,which might be related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway .

Objective To assess the effects of hydrocortisone (HC) on brain injury in septic shock rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Pathogen-free Wistar male rats were chosen to produce septic shock model by injection of LPS (Escherichia coil,O55:B5),25 mg/kg LPS was given by femoral vein.All rats in accordance with the random number table,were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,LPS group,and low dose of HC group (HC 5 mg/kg).Every group had ten rats.Six hours after the septic shock model was established,the blood sample and brain tissue were collected to perform histopathological examination and measure the serum level of neuron specific enolase (NSE).Results The serum level of NSE,brain water content,inflammation score,neural damage score,vascular reaction score in LPS group were significantly higher than those in control group [(10.078 ± 0.526) μg/L vs.(3.719 ± 0.602) μg/L,(82.328 ±0.011) ％ vs.(78.896 ±0.005) ％,(2.750 ±0.463) scores vs.(0.125 ±0.345) scores,(2.875 ± 0.353) scores vs.(1.125 ± 0.354) scores,(2.875 ± 0.463) scores vs.(0.500 ± 0.534) scores,P ＜ 0.01,respectively].After HC treatment,the serum level of NSE,brain water content,and brain tissue pathological score [(6.297 ± 1.393) μg/L,(80.283 ± 0.005) ％,(0.625 ± 0.744) scores,(1.375 ± 0.744) scores,(1.250 ± 0.463) scores] were significantly lower than those in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).Conclusion After giving low dose of HC,the serum level of NSE,brain edema,brain pathological changes all got improvement,which indicated that low dose HC could have protect effect on septic encephalopathy induced by LPS.