We have attempted to define the acetabular remodelling after varus derotation osteotomy and limitations of pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of DDH. We studied the case of thirty eight patients (42 hips) who were divided into three groups according to age at operation and into two groups, subluxation with acetabular dyaplasia and complete dislocation. The cases were evaluated the influence of femoral remodeling, age, acetabular response and instability and requirement of other additional surgery. The length of follow up ranged from two to fourteen years. A return to a valgus femoral neck shaft angle by remodeling was observed in case without avascular necrosis of femoral head. Acetabular correction by remodeling occurred in case of well reduced the femoral head in the socket. Acetabular remodeling was observed even in age of 8. Twenty eight of 42 hips which were complete dislocation required no pelvic osteotomy. A varus derotation osteotomy is a necessary procedure for hip stability and open reduction in treatment of DDH. Good results should be anticipated in patient whose femoral head was well seated in the acetablum.
Acetabulum ; Dislocations ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels*

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic findings and usefulness of MRI and MR arthrogram in recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI and MR arthrogram of thirty-two cases of thirty patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate glenohumeral ligaments, pattern of labral injury, bony Bankart lesion, capsular stripping, Hill-Sachs lesion, and loose body. RESULTS: Labral abnormalities was detected on MRI in 23 cases(72%) and MR arthrogram in 22 cases(69%) as labral tear, detachment, and deficiency. All cases involved anteroinferior labrum. On MR arthrogram, labral abnormalities was confined to anteroinferior portion in 4 cases(18%), extended into midglenoid level in 13 cases(59%), and that into anterosuperior portion in 5 cases(23%). Capsular stripping was noted on MRI in 6 cases(19%) and MR arthrogram in 12 cases(38%). Loose body was detected only on MR arthrogram in 5 cases (16%). Bony Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion was detected equally on MRI and MR arthrogram in 2 cases (6%) and 21 cases(66%) respectively. We obtained identical findings on both MR arthrogram and operation field in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: MRI with its excellent soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capafility helps detection of labral injury in recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. MR arthrogram is slightly invasive, but shows good artatomic details of labral-ligamentous-capsular relationship and thus provides accurate detec- tion of pattern of labral injury, capsular stripping, and loose body.
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder*

No abstract available.
Dilatation* ; Mammary Arteries* ; Transplants*

To evaluate the health risk of the workplace environment of a general hospital toward the hospital workers, a questionnaire survey on the perception of risk at the workplace environment and environmental measurements at 27 locations with 240 workers in the hospital were made from October 25th, 1993 to October 30th, 1994. The results were as follows; 1. By the environmental measurements, 86 workers(36%) were found to be exposed to poor or harmful degree of general illumination, 193 workers(80%) were exposed to poor or harmful local illumination, 34 workers(14%) were exposed to poor or harmful degree of thermal condition and l80 workers(75%) were exposed to poor or harmful noise level, but nobody was exposed to poor or harmful dust and toluene concentration. Also nobody was exposed to poor or harmful level of radiation or anticancer/antibiotic agents. 2. The subjective perceptions on the environmental conditions felt by the workers were different from the objective findings by the environmental measurements. The workers underscored the poor illumination state and overscored the dust concentrations. Also workers oversensitized about the thermal condition, the noise level, the radiation level, the toluene concentration and anticancer/antibiotic agents. 3. The sources of noise were the dialogue(179 workers) and the office instruments(131workers). The sources of dust came from the clothes(108 workers) and the building materials(79 workers). 4. The questionnaire survey showed that the 28 workers were exposed to poor or harmful level of the antibiotics, 10 workers to alkali or acid and 6 workers to drug dust in the pharmacy but the above findings could not be proved by the environmental measurements.
Alkalies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dust ; Hospitals, General* ; Lighting ; Noise ; Pharmacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Toluene

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, assertiveness. METHOD: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. RESULTS: 1. Attributes of assertiveness were defined as 1) Self-esteem 2) Comprehension to others 3) Clarification of the subject 4) Verbal communication 5) Non-verbal communication 2. The antecedents of assertiveness consist of these facts 1) The occurrence of a conflict situation 2) The occurrence of will to stick to one's opinions 3. There are consequences occuring as a result of assertiveness 1) Positive self-confidence 2) Increased comprehension or consideration to others 3) Expand of mutual respect 4) Maintenance of continuously cooperative relationship with each other 5) Output of acceptable results to each other. CONCLUSION: Assertiveness is a core human behavior and is key to interpersonal relationships. Using the components of the concept of assertiveness, many conflicts in a nursing situation can be effectively prevented.
*Assertiveness ; Communication ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Self Concept

This study was to examine the association of the health-related behaviors and subjective symptoms with smoking. Data were collected by questionnaire survey during regular health examination from Mar. 23 to Mar. 31, 1992 for 1,615 male freshmen of a university in Kwangju City. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Among the freshmen, 26.9% reported that they were smokers. 69.4% for smokers started smoking for the recent 4 years, and 63.4% for smokers smoked 10 cigarettes or more a day. 2. Meal regularity, meat eating, use of coffee or tea and alcohol drinking were positively associated with the status, the duration and the amount of smoking while the vegetable preference was negatively associated with the status and the duration of smoking. 3. There was no evidence of familial aggregation in smoking status except that of siblings. 4. Respiratory symptoms like cough or phlegm, dyspnea were positively associated with the status, the duration, and the amount of smoking. General symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, back pain, facial edema, and weight loss were positively associated with the duration and the amount of smoking. Other symptoms like headache, dizziness, and myalgia were not associated with smoking. 5. In multivariate' logistic regression analysis, cough or phlegm, dyspnea, chest pain, facial edema, and back pain were related to smoking status.
Alcohol Drinking ; Back Pain ; Chest Pain ; Coffee ; Cough ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Eating ; Edema ; Fatigue ; Gwangju ; Headache ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Myalgia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Siblings ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tea ; Tobacco Products ; Vegetables ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma*

To find the characteristics of the subjective symptoms and its related factors among the patients with the cervicobrachial syndrome, an interview survey was made toward 137 patients complaining the symptoms in cervicobrachial area out of 313 workers occupied in a microwave-oven assembling factory from December 1993 to February 1994. Results were as follows : 1. The patients were classified by the severity of the syndrome as 6 persons (4.4%) at grade I (the mildest grade), 48 persons (35.0%) at grade II, 47 persons (34.4%) at grade III-1, 11 persons (8.0%) at grade III-2 and 25 persons (18.2%) at grade IV. 2. Only 3.6% of the total patients under the study felt the main symptoms of the cervicobrachial syndrome 36 months before this study, and then the number of patients increased gradually, but the incidence of the syndrome increased suddenly from 25.1% to 74.9% since the factory had elevated the height of the belt conveyer-worktables from 75.0cm to 87.7 cm 13 months before the study. 3. Although the higher percentage of the female workers felt the subjective symptoms including the pain at the neck and shoulder, the discomfort or pain at the back and the discomfort or pain at the wrist or the finger than male workers significantly (p<0.05). The male workers, however, showed more abnormal X-ray findings than the female workers significantly (p<0.05). 4. Between the prevalence of the cervicbbrachial syndrome and the number of actual workers occupied at the factory during last-24 months, a negative correlation (r=-0.508~r=-0.665) was observed. 5. The measured workplace environment of the studied factory (average temperature: 13.3 degrees C, average noise: 78.8 dB, average illumination: 241.4 Lux) was the poorer condition than the recommended level (17degrees C or more, lower than 75 dB and 400 Lux or more). 6. Neither items to check the cervicobrachial syndrome during the entrance and health maintenance examinations nor early treatment program for the syndrome were found, at the factory. In conclusion, the primary cause of the cervicobrachial syndrome of the workers were considered due to their repeated monotonous motions on the neck, the shoulder, the arms and the hands for a long duration (2-3 years) with the uncomfortable working posture under the uncomfortable workplace environments, and the condition got aggravated due to the inappropriated health management program for its secondary prevention.
Arm ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lighting ; Male ; Neck ; Noise ; Posture ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires* ; Secondary Prevention ; Shoulder ; Wrist

PURPOSE: Four finite element models were constructed in the mandible having a single implant fixture connected to the first premolar-shaped superstructure, in order to evaluate how the shape of the fixture and the implant-abutment connection would influence the stress level of the supporting tissues, fixtures, and prosthethic components. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The superstructures were constructed using UCLA type abutment, ADA type III gold alloy was used to fabricate a crown and then connected to the fixture with an abutment screw. The models BRA, END, FRI, ITI were constructed from the mandible implanted with Branemark, Endopore, Frialit-2, I.T.I systems respectively. In each model, 150 N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 150 N of 40.oblique load was placed on the buccal cusp. The displacement and stress distribution in the supporting tissues and the other components were analysed using a 2-dimensional finite element analysis. The maximum stress in each reference area was compared. RESULTS: 1. Under 40.oblique loading, the maximum stress was larger in the implant, superstructure and supporting tissue, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. 2. In the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA and END). 3. In the superstructure and implant/abutment interface, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA and END). 4. In the implant fixture, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA and END). 5. The stress was more evenly distributed in the bone/implant interface through the FRI of trapezoidal step design. Especially Under 40.oblique loading, The maximum stress was smallest in the bone/implant interface. 6. In the implant and superstructure and supporting tissue, the maximum stress occured at the crown loading point through the ITI. CONCLUSION: The stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by shape of a fixture and implant-abutment connection. The magnitude of maximum stress was reduced with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) in the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue. Trapezoidal step design of FRI showed evenly distributed the stress at the bone/implant interface.
Alloys ; Crowns ; Dental Occlusion ; Finite Element Analysis ; Mandible ; Prostheses and Implants