PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education on childbirth self-efficacy and perception of childbirth experience. METHODS: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The participants in the study were 31 couples in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The experimental couples were provided with one session on spouse-support enhancement childbirth education the night before delivery. Data were collected at two hours after delivery using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) and perception of childbirth experience scale. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics 18 program. Frequencies, percentage, mean, chi2 test, t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Childbirth self-efficacy significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in perception of childbirth experience in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a one-session childbirth education has beneficial effects on enhancing childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant couples. A one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to promote couple's childbirth self-efficacy and it is also recommended that modifications of program to promote women's childbirth experience should be considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition/psychology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pregnant Women/*psychology ; *Self Efficacy ; Spouses/*psychology

No abstract available.
Arthritis*

To build a clinical data base for the patient is one of the important works in the department of anesthesiology. Many of the works can be accomplished by presonal computer, of which include registration of patient data, searching for articles, and analysis of clinical data etc. We would like to introduce a computer programs for the management of various data of anesthesia department and patients. We expect that more advanced and beneficial programs appear to the management of data for anesthesia department and patients.
Anesthesia Department, Hospital* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Humans ; Microcomputers*

With the improvement of the nutritive conditions and the influence of overflowing informations and various cultural aspects imported from foreign countries, children develop more rapidly in the bodily and sexual growth. This study was conducted to suggest some ideas useful in planning sexual education program in elementary schools and ultimate aim is to promote sexual health. The subject of this survey consisted of 802 fourth, fifth, sixth graders from 6 schools in Seoul, Hongchon and Chunchon. Major findings are summarized as follows. 1. The degree of sexual knowledge of children showed low averaged 26.96 and the degree of sexual attitude showed usual averaged 55.70. 2.With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in sexual knowledge, according to children's grade(F=64.031, p=. 000), father's education(t=-2.504, p=.013), experience of menarche(t=3.470, p=.001), experience of sex-related question to their parents(t=-.6054, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers (t= -3.385, p=.001), experience of sexual education(t=8.607, p=.000) and in sexual attitude, there were stastically significant differences according to children's grade (F=6.588, p=.001), experience of sex- related question to their parents(t=-5.387, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers(t=-2.845, p=.005), experience of sexual education(t=5.070, p=.000). 3. The level of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of childrens' was correlated at significant level(r=.354, p=.000) The findings of this study indicated that variety of the systematic sexual education program suitable for the stage of children should be developed and family, society, contry's higher concern and enlightment are required.
Child ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Reproductive Health ; Seoul ; Child Health

The generally accepted taste pathway in an animal projects ipsilaterally from the solitary nucleus. However, the path-way of gustatory fibers in the human brainstem has not been sufficiently clarified. A 57-year-old hypertensive man was admitted with sudden dizziness and hemiageusia. A neurological examination revealed also a diminution of taste on the left half of his tongue. A MRI showed a high signal intensity in the right lower pontine area. This case suggests that the unilateral lesion of the pons may lead to contralateral taste disturbances.
Ageusia ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cerebral Infarction ; Dizziness ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Pons ; Solitary Nucleus ; Tongue

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

BACKGROUND:Cytoprotective effect of Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (NHE1) inhibitors has been studied in ischemic/reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect and the mechanism of NHE1 inhibitor (Cariporide(R)) on IR injury of rat kidney. METHODS:IR injury was produced by clamping both renal arteries and then rats were treated with intravenous (IV) Cariporide(R) (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of Cariporide(R) treatment on subsequent IR injury were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular injury, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha), apoptosis, and the expression of MAPKs. RESULTS:BUN and serum creatinine increased after IR injury compared with sham-operated controls. However, treatment with Cariporide(R) significantly reduced BUN and serum creatinine. IR injury caused severe destruction of renal tubular cells in the outer medulla, but treatment with Cariporide(R) decreased the tubular damage. Treatment with Cariporide(R) also significantly decreased the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA compared with IR injury. Apoptotic cell death was increased with I/R injury, but was significantly decreased in kidneys treated with Cariporide(R). At molecular basis, caspase 3 protein decreased more in Cariporide(R)-treated group than in IR injury group. The expression of MAPKs significantly increased with IR injury compared with sham- operated controls. However, kidneys treated with Cariporide(R) showed further increase of ERK expression compared with IR injury, but showed a significant decrease of JNK expression. CONCLUSIONS:NHE1 inhibitors, Cariporide(R), partially prevented IR injury-induced acute renal failure by the mechanism involving apoptosis, inflammation and MAPKs.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Constriction ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Kidney* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Artery ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: Immunosuppressive agents decrease the immune surveillance mechanisms. As a result, they increase the malignance occurrence rate and decrease the patient survival rate. Especially malignant lymphomas have higher occurrence rate than that in general population. We reviewed clinical characteristics of posttransplant malignant lymphomas. METHODS: 1,450 renal transplant recipients from Kang Nam and Dae Jeon St. Mary's Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence, time interval from the renal transplantation operation, clinical courses of the 7 malignant lymphomas developed were reviewed. RESULTS: After renal transplantation, 45 (3.1% incidence rate) malignant tumors developed. Out of them, 7 were malignant lymphomas and showed higher incidence rate than that in general population. Male and female ratio was 4 : 3. Three of them were diagnosed in a year after renal transplantation, other three were diagnosed between 5 to 6 years, and the last one was diagnosed after 16 years. Primary sites were cervical lymph node in three patients, jejunum in two, were diagnosed between 5 to 6 years, and the last one was diagnosed after 16 years. Primary sites were cervical lymph node in three patients, jejunum in two, and each lung and brain. Histologic findings showed 6 B-cell lymphomas and a T-cell lymphoma. Epstein Barr viral infections were confirmed in 3 out of 7 patients using in situ hybridization. Various treatment modalities were used such as reduction of immunosuppressive agents, administration of antiviral drugs, radiation therapy, administration of chemotherapeutic agents, alpha-interferon and intravenous immune globulins. After treatments, 3 reached complete remission, one partial remission, and 3 deaths. The follow up period in case of complete remission after diagnosis was 45~61 months. CONCLUSION: Malignant lymphomas in renal transplantation recipients treated with immunosuppressive agents are not rare disease. After diagnosis, reduction or cease of immunosuppressive agents and therapy against the tumor were tried, but cease of immunosuppressive agent were frequently refused by the patients. Three patients have survived after treatments.
Antiviral Agents ; Brain ; Daejeon ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Interferon-alpha ; Jejunum ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation

Abdominal wall leakage of dialysate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is uncommon complication. We experienced one case of abdominal wall leakage in CAPD patient confirmed by CT peritoneography. She complained weight gain, decreased ultrafiltration volume, and localized abdominal wall edema without clinical evidence of hernia. CT peritoneography of the abdomen showed leakage of contrast dye from the site of insertion of the CAPD catheter into the anterior abdominal wall. The dialysate was completely drained and CAPD was discontinued. She was switched temporally to hemodialysis and abdominal wall edema disappeared. When CAPD was restarted seven days later, the edema appeared. After CAPD catheter was removed and reinserted at the opposite site, she returned to CAPD without leakage.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Wall* ; Catheters ; Edema ; Hernia ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Renal Dialysis ; Ultrafiltration ; Weight Gain

Following the department store building collapse disaster on June 29, 1995, more than 140 people were brought to emergency care center of the Catholic medical center. Among them three starvated people due to long term confined in the collapsed building and one severe crush injured patient developed to prerenal azotemia and ARF. Case 1, 21- year-old man had been confined in the collapsed building debris for 11 days, he had been able to drink water and showed only mild dehydration on admission. Case 2, 3, 18-year-old woman and 19- year-old woman had been confined for 13 and 17 days even without water intake. They were severely dehydrated, hypotensive and hypernatremia on admission. Case 4, 39-year-old man was crushed by building debris and rescued 22 hours later and was diagnosed as ARF due to traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Case 1, 2 and 3 improved immediately only with fluid therapy. Case 4 progressed to acute tubular necrosis, in spite of therapy, and required hemodialysis. Severe dehydration due to long term starvation in young healthy person over 17 days did not progressed to acute tubular necrosis only with adequate fluid therapy. To prevent acute tubular necrosis in crush injured patient, needs more immediate and intensive fluid therapy at the rescue and careful correction of hypernatremia.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Azotemia ; Dehydration ; Disasters* ; Drinking ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hypernatremia ; Necrosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Starvation ; Structure Collapse* ; Water