No abstract available.
Arthritis*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education on childbirth self-efficacy and perception of childbirth experience. METHODS: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The participants in the study were 31 couples in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The experimental couples were provided with one session on spouse-support enhancement childbirth education the night before delivery. Data were collected at two hours after delivery using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) and perception of childbirth experience scale. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics 18 program. Frequencies, percentage, mean, chi2 test, t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Childbirth self-efficacy significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in perception of childbirth experience in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a one-session childbirth education has beneficial effects on enhancing childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant couples. A one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to promote couple's childbirth self-efficacy and it is also recommended that modifications of program to promote women's childbirth experience should be considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition/psychology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pregnant Women/*psychology ; *Self Efficacy ; Spouses/*psychology

The generally accepted taste pathway in an animal projects ipsilaterally from the solitary nucleus. However, the path-way of gustatory fibers in the human brainstem has not been sufficiently clarified. A 57-year-old hypertensive man was admitted with sudden dizziness and hemiageusia. A neurological examination revealed also a diminution of taste on the left half of his tongue. A MRI showed a high signal intensity in the right lower pontine area. This case suggests that the unilateral lesion of the pons may lead to contralateral taste disturbances.
Ageusia ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cerebral Infarction ; Dizziness ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Pons ; Solitary Nucleus ; Tongue

To build a clinical data base for the patient is one of the important works in the department of anesthesiology. Many of the works can be accomplished by presonal computer, of which include registration of patient data, searching for articles, and analysis of clinical data etc. We would like to introduce a computer programs for the management of various data of anesthesia department and patients. We expect that more advanced and beneficial programs appear to the management of data for anesthesia department and patients.
Anesthesia Department, Hospital* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Humans ; Microcomputers*

With the improvement of the nutritive conditions and the influence of overflowing informations and various cultural aspects imported from foreign countries, children develop more rapidly in the bodily and sexual growth. This study was conducted to suggest some ideas useful in planning sexual education program in elementary schools and ultimate aim is to promote sexual health. The subject of this survey consisted of 802 fourth, fifth, sixth graders from 6 schools in Seoul, Hongchon and Chunchon. Major findings are summarized as follows. 1. The degree of sexual knowledge of children showed low averaged 26.96 and the degree of sexual attitude showed usual averaged 55.70. 2.With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in sexual knowledge, according to children's grade(F=64.031, p=. 000), father's education(t=-2.504, p=.013), experience of menarche(t=3.470, p=.001), experience of sex-related question to their parents(t=-.6054, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers (t= -3.385, p=.001), experience of sexual education(t=8.607, p=.000) and in sexual attitude, there were stastically significant differences according to children's grade (F=6.588, p=.001), experience of sex- related question to their parents(t=-5.387, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers(t=-2.845, p=.005), experience of sexual education(t=5.070, p=.000). 3. The level of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of childrens' was correlated at significant level(r=.354, p=.000) The findings of this study indicated that variety of the systematic sexual education program suitable for the stage of children should be developed and family, society, contry's higher concern and enlightment are required.
Child ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Reproductive Health ; Seoul ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

BACKGROUND:Cytoprotective effect of Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (NHE1) inhibitors has been studied in ischemic/reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect and the mechanism of NHE1 inhibitor (Cariporide(R)) on IR injury of rat kidney. METHODS:IR injury was produced by clamping both renal arteries and then rats were treated with intravenous (IV) Cariporide(R) (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of Cariporide(R) treatment on subsequent IR injury were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular injury, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha), apoptosis, and the expression of MAPKs. RESULTS:BUN and serum creatinine increased after IR injury compared with sham-operated controls. However, treatment with Cariporide(R) significantly reduced BUN and serum creatinine. IR injury caused severe destruction of renal tubular cells in the outer medulla, but treatment with Cariporide(R) decreased the tubular damage. Treatment with Cariporide(R) also significantly decreased the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA compared with IR injury. Apoptotic cell death was increased with I/R injury, but was significantly decreased in kidneys treated with Cariporide(R). At molecular basis, caspase 3 protein decreased more in Cariporide(R)-treated group than in IR injury group. The expression of MAPKs significantly increased with IR injury compared with sham- operated controls. However, kidneys treated with Cariporide(R) showed further increase of ERK expression compared with IR injury, but showed a significant decrease of JNK expression. CONCLUSIONS:NHE1 inhibitors, Cariporide(R), partially prevented IR injury-induced acute renal failure by the mechanism involving apoptosis, inflammation and MAPKs.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Constriction ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Kidney* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Artery ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

This study was performed to compare the sensitivity of flow cytometry crossmatch(FCXM) with conventional lymphocytotoxic crossmatch(CXM), and its clinical impact. Total 174 pair of sera from potential living renal transplant donors and recipients were tested from Jan. 5, 1995 to April 3, 1996 with conventional CXM and FCXM at Kangnam St. Mary's hospital. Of 174 potential living donor/ recipient pairs, two (1.1%) had positive warm T (TW)/CXM, 3(1.7%) positive warm B(BW)/CXM, and 5(2.9%) positive warm TandB/CXM. Of 164 potential CXM-negative living donor/recipient pairs evaluated with FCXM, ten (6%) had positive T/ FCXM, and thirty one (19%) positive B/FCXM. Of 45 living donor renal transplantation with negative TW/CXM, one (2.2%) had a positive BW/CXM, 11 (24.4%) positive B/FCXM, and 2 (4.4%) positive T/ FCXM. They had been followed up over 3 months. Acute rejection episodes were observed in 8 patients. Of these patients, two had positive B/FCXM and one had a positive T/FCXM. In conclusion, FCXM is more sensitive than conventional CXM. Further follow-up study is necessary to know whether this higher sensitivity leads to fewer graft rejection.
Flow Cytometry* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Living Donors* ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVES: ACKD has been described mainly in patients treated with hemodialysis(HD), and there are only a few reports about the prevalence of ACKD in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Therefore, we compared the prevalence of ACKD in patients receiving HD and CAPD, and evaluated the possible factors which may affect the development of ACKD. METHODS: Forty nine HD and 49 CAPD patients who had received dialysis therapy for at least 12 months were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients who had a past history of polycystic kidney disease and had acquired cystic kidney disease on predialysis sonographic exam were excluded. Detection of ACKD was made by ultrasonography and ACKD was defined as 3 or more cysts in each kidney. RESULTS: The prevalence of ACKD was about 31+ACU- (30/98) and there was no significant difference between HD and CAPD patients(27+ACU- vs. 34+ACU-, p +AD4- 0.05). The prevalence of ACKD was not associated with age, sex, primary renal disease, the levels of hemoglobin, BUN, and serum creatinine. However, the duration of dialysis was significantly related to the development of ACKD (presence of ACKD, 74.4 42.4 months vs. absence of ACKD, 37.8 24.1 months, p +ADw- 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ACKD is not different according to the mode of dialysis, and the major determinant of acquired cyst formation is duration of dialysis.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Comparative Study ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Human ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney, Cystic/etiology+ACo- ; Kidney, Cystic/epidemiology+ACo- ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/methods ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/adverse effects+ACo- ; Prevalence ; Renal Dialysis/methods ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects+ACo- ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Statistics, Nonparametric

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the effects of pretreatment of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase expression and apoptotic cell death in rat kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Three experiments were done separate ly, In the first experiment, the effect of MMF (20 or 60 mg/kg) on I/R injury was observed. In the second experiment, MAP kinase expression were observed according to the time interval after I/R injury. Finally, the effect of pretreatment of MMF (20 or 60 mg/kg) on I/R injury in terms of apoptotic cell death and MAP kinases were evaluated. We also studied pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-alpha) using PCR. RESULTS: BUN and Serum creatinine level in creased in rats with I/R injury but their levels were significantly decreased with MMF Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha & IL-1) and apoptosis-related gene (caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities) were also significantly decreased as compared with rats with I/R injury. Expressions of MAP kinase were significantly increased in kidneys with I/R injury compared with sham-operated control, but significantly decreased with MMF pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment of MMF showed a significant decreases of apoptotic cell death, apoptosis-related genes, and MAP kinase expression. This may explain beneficial effect of MMF on subsequent I/R injury.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death* ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Kidney* ; Phosphotransferases* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury