Mild cognitive impairment caused by craniocerebral trauma is the key points and difficulties in judicial authentication. This article has comparative analysis of each mode of event-related potential (classical Oddball, Eriksen flanker task and so on), which can provide a more objective method for such craniocerebral trauma cases in clinical forensic judicial authentication.
Cognitive Dysfunction ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Evoked Potentials ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans

Objective To discuss causes and corresponding prevention for groin pain occurred early after total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods A retrospective study was done on 189 cases(193 hips)treated with THA including unilateral procedures in 185 hips and bilateral procedures in eight hips to analyze common causes for early groin pain.Results Groin pain was found in 9.3% hips(18/ 193)during hospital stay,including 1.6%(3 cases)with deep infection,1.6%(3 cases)with incision infection,1%(2 cases)with posterior dislocation,4.1%(8 cases)with leg lengthening and 1%(2 cases)with hematoma.Conclusions Despite of the numerous diagnostic alternatives available to the orthopedic surgeon,detailed history,careful physical examination,necessary laboratory and imaging stud- ies can contribute to a correct determination of causes for groin pain.Meanwhile,appropriate indication, accurate preoperative radiographic measurement,intraoperative standardized surgical procedures and per- fect rehabilitation are necessary to avoid complications.

Abstract: Malaria, an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium infection, is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended by WHO as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in malaria-endemic areas. The application of artemisinin and its derivatives has played an integral role in reducing the global incidence of malaria. However, in recent years, the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance has brought great challenges to global malaria control and elimination. At present, the mutation of K13 gene on chromosome 13 of Plasmodium falciparum is most closely related to artemisinin resistance, but in recent years, studies have shown that K13 cannot explain all artemisinin resistance. This article reviews the recent research progress in the field of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, including definition of artemisinin resistance, detection methods and molecular markers related to resistance. In addition, some of the issues discussed in this review remain controversial and require further study.

In this article, the Chinese Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Subject Headings, Standards of the People's Republic of China - Classification and Codes of Diseases and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Terms in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy were compared. Three standards were compared from the terminology quantity, content and classification. Each standard has its special feature. The compatibility and consistency are not strong in these standards. More authoritative traditional Chinese medicine terminology standards need to be established for the application in the clinical practice and scientific research.

OBJECTIVEIt has been known that the intrahepatic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in the fibrogenesis in livers. Aldosterone (Aldo), the principal effector molecule of the RAAS, exerts local effects on cell growth and fibrogenesis. However, the signal transduction mechanisms underlying the effects of Aldo on hepatic fibrogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aims to investigate the signal transduction mechanism underlying the effects of Aldo on the signal passageway of active protein-1 (AP-1).

METHODSIn vitro, HSCs-T6 cell line was treated with Aldo for 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 180 min, and protein expression of Phospho-P42/44 was detected by Western blot. In addition, HSCs-T6 cell line was preincubated for 60 min or not with U0126 (an inhibitor of the MAPK/ERK kinase), and also with antioxidant-N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prior to exposure to Aldo for the indicated times. Protein expression of Phospho-P42/44 was measured by Western blot. DNA biding activity of AP-1 was analyzed by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA). By means of RT-PCR, expression of alpha1(1) procollagen mRNA was detected.

RESULTSAldo stimulated HSC via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. Time course experiments showed that Aldo induced Phospho-P42/44 expression, which was abrogated by U0126, reaching a maximum at 10 minutes, and then declined progressively. NAC inhibited the Phospho-P42/44 expression. EMSA showed that stimulation of HSC by Aldo markedly increased AP-1 DNA binding activity. U0126 markedly reduced AP-1 DNA binding activity induced by Aldo; NAC partly decreased AP-1 activity induced by Aldo. Aldo up-regulated expression of alpha1(1) procollagen mRNA, which was attenuated by U0126 and NAC.

CONCLUSIONStimulation of HSC by Aldo results in activation of AP-1 via ERK1/2 pathway, leading to up-regulation of AP-1 target gene alpha1(1) procollagen mRNA expression.

Aldosterone ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type I ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; metabolism

This is to report the screening, extracting and validating antitumor components and compounds from Stellera chamaejasme L. under the case of discrete distribution of active data. In this work, different components from Stellera chamaejasme L. were collected by HPD macroporous resin and polyamide resin column, and their antitumor activity on A549 were tested by MTT assay. Activity results indicate that activity of components at 30-39 min is more potent than that of Stellera chamaejasme L. extract, and the activity of components at 33.97 min is equivalent to positive drug, cis-platinum at 100 microg x mL(-1), but with totally different mode of action. Under the case of discrete activity, the weight analysis is capable of screening active components and compounds from natural products.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry

To analyze the characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its compliance with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom, for the sake of providing a basis for clarifying the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation in DN. Adopting the traditional epidemiological retrospective method, thirty-eight TCM syndromes and urinary protein with medium or low molecular weight, as well as urinary enzyme, including 24 h urinary protein (Upro), urinary albumin( UAlb), urinary retinal binding protein( URBP), urinary cystatin C (UCysC), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), were collected from 108 patients with stage III DN, and a multiple factor regression analysis between them was conducted. As the results, the levels of Upro, UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG were increased in 108 patients with stage III DN. Qi-Yin deficiency type was the major type. The level of UAlb in patients with Qi-Yin deficiency type was significantly higher than those without Qi-Yin deficiency type (P < 0.05). The elevation of Upro with the factors as swift digestion with rapid hungering, lassitude and lack of strength, weakness of waist and knees was complied, the elevation of UA1b with the factors as dry mouth with desire to drink, the elevation of URBP with the factors as numbness of extremities, shortness of breath, the elevation of UCysC with the factors as clear urine in large amounts, and the elevation of UNAG with the factors as frequent micturition, were complied respectively. In conclusion, for 108 stage III DN patients. The increase in urinary protein spectrum including UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG is the major characteristic. Shen and Pi are the major organs related to the appearance of urinary protein; Pi-Shen deficiency is the basic pathogenesis. The level of UAlb is taken as one of the objective syndrome factors for Qi-Yin deficiency type. The levels of UNAG and UCysC are possibly the objective syndrome factors for Shen-Qi deficiency type.
Diabetic Nephropathies ; complications ; diagnosis ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; complications ; urine ; Qi ; Regression Analysis ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention and mechanism of Qushi Huayu Recipe (QHR) on gene expression profiles in high lipid diet induced fatty liver rats.

METHODSFatty liver model was prepared in 20 male SD rats using single high fat diet (88% common forage +2% cholesterol +10% lard). Four weeks after modeling they were divided into the model group and the QHR group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. QHR (at 0. 93 g crude drug/100 g body weight) and distilled water was respectively to rats in the QHR group and the model group by gastrogavage while modeling, once per day. Meanwhile, 10 SD male rats were recruited in a normal group, administered with equal volume of distilled water by gastrogavage. At the end of week 8 all rats were sacrificed, and blood and livers were collected for subsequent analysis. Contents of liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) , activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using biochemical assay. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed using H&E and oil red O stain. Liver gene expressions were detected by Affymetrix gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were compared between the QHR group and the model group, functions of differentially expressed genes and signal pathways involved analyzed. Ten differentially expressed genes involved in glycolipid metabolism with fold change more than 2 were selected for verification by real-time PCR.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and serum activities of ALT and AST obviously increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and activities of ALT and AST obviously decreased in the QHR group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). QHR could reduce high fat induced fatty degeneration of liver cells , alleviate inflammation, and improve pathological changes of liver tissue. (2) Compared with the model group, there were 80 differentially expressed genes (with fold change > 2, P < 0.05) with clear functions and appointed gene names, including 44 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated genes. Eighty genes were involved in 27 signal pathways with statistical difference, including glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin signal pathway, drug metabolism signal pathway, etc (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR results of 10 glycolipids metabolism regulating genes such as Gk, Scd1, Gpat2, G6pc, Irs1, and so on showed that all RT-PCR genes were completely coincide with up-regulated or down-regulated tendency in results of gene chips. 80% genes had approximate fold change.

CONCLUSIONQHR could regulate gene expressions related to fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, and drug metabolism in high fat diet induced fatty liver rats, and its comprehensive pharmacological actions could be manifested.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; drug effects ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective To observe the change of learning and memory and the expression change of GABAR1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NMDAR2B)in right frontal lobe of the brain of the aged rats after the inhalation of sevoflurane.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group C,n=10)and experimental group (group T,n=40).The control group received air at room tempreture.Experimental groups were divided into two groups:group T1 (2 h)and group T2 (4 h)according to the time of inhalation of sevoflurane at 3% concentration.Ev-ery group was equally divided into two groups and Morris water maze was performed on day 1 and day 7 after sevoflurane inhalation.Then the right frontal lobe was gathered and the mRNA transcription and protein expression of GABAR1 and NMDAR2B were detected by Quantitative Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence technique.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was prolonged in groups T1 and T2 after 1 day of inhalation of sevoflurane (P<0.05),and the times of space explora-tion reduced (P<0.05).mRNA transcriptional and protein content of GABAR1 were significantly upregulated in frontal lobes of groups T1 and T2,mRNA transcriptional and protein content of NMDAR2B were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05).After inhalation of sevoflurane for 7 days, the protein expression of NMDAR2B in the frontal lobe of group T1 was lower than that of group C (P<0.05).In group T2,the escape latency was prolonged (P<0.05),the number of space explo-ration traversals was decreased (P<0.05),the expression of GABAR1 protein in frontal lobe was up-regulated (P<0.05),and the expression of NMDAR2B protein was down-regulated (P<0.05), and the amplitude was higher than that in group T1 (P<0.05).Conclusion Continuous inhalation of sevoflurane can reduce the spatial memory ability of aged rats,and the effect of prolonged inhalation is greater and longer.This effect is related to the expression of neurotransmitter receptors such as GABAR1 and NMDAR2B in the frontal lobe.