Objective To evaluate the hospitalization charges of medical-insured patients with different in-comes, different age and the burdens shared by individuals, to analyze the multiple factors that influence the charges and provide basis for goverment policy making. Method We investigate the medical costs and incomes of 1588 medi-cal-insured inpafients in a Nantong hospital ,study the expenditure burdens and influencing factors of patients with dif-ferent income and different age appling T-test,F-test,and χ2 test. Results There is singificant difference in expendi-ture burdens between patients of different income level ,the expenditure burdens are obviously heavier in group of old age patients than in other age groups. Conclusion It is necessary to reinforce the government functions and perfect the health security system, low income groups should be given more attentions and cares.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the development of hospital preparation in our hospital. METHODS:The method of SWOT analysis was applied to analyze competitive strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenge about the develop-ment of pharmaceutical preparations in our hospital,and to explore the development strategies of hospital preparation. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:The strengths include the prominent specialty characteristics of clinical key subject,a long R&D history,diverse dosage forms and varieties,definite therapeutic efficacy,etc. The weaknesses contain production capacity shrinkage,deficient con-struction of professional team,external exchange and cooperation deficiency,etc. The opportunities contain national health con-sciousness enhancement,hospital preparation included into local medical insurance reimbursement,etc. The threats contain great difficulty to register new preparation and low preparation pricing,etc. It is suggested to rely on advantage resources to enhance clin-ical formulation development,strengthen human resource management and team building,strengthen cooperation and exchanges to enhance research and development,strengthen the meticulous management to improve operational capacity,in order to formulate scientific development strategy.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of TGF-? 1 signal transduction blocked by antisense-Smad 4 gene on progression of experimental liver fibrosis of Kunming mice.MethodsWe transfered retrovirus-mediated antisense Smad 4cDNA into the CCl4/ethanol induced cirrhotic liver of Kunming mouse model to investigate the antisense-Smad 4 gene integration by Southern blot. The expression of Smad 4 in cirrhotic liver was observed by Northern blot, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The fibrotic degree of the livers among the three groups were compared.ResultsThe antisense-Smad 4 gene was confirmed to integrate into the liver of the retrovirus-treated mouse .In the non-treated cirrhotic liver, the expression of Smad 4 mRNA was significantly increased than normal liver, the antisense Smad 4 gene could decrease the expression of Smad 4. Compared with the non-treated liver, the fibrotic septa of the liver in the retrovirus-treated mouse were fewer,narrow, and incomplete,and their fibrotic degree of the treated-liver was reduced.ConclusionThese results indicate that antisense-Smad 4 gene can reduce the expression of Smad 4,inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Age and dental age are shown to have some limitations in predicting skeletal maturity.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the mandibular length in boys and girls with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns by using the cervical vertebrae maturation, and to provide valid reference index for orthodontical treatment.
METHODS:The lateral cephalograms of the 160 cases of Class I (40 males and 40 females) and Class II (40 males and 40 females) skeletal patterns, aged 8-15 years, were taken before orthodontic treatment. The sample was grouped according to stages of the cervical vertebrae maturation (Hasse and Farman method), and the mandibular length was measured separately. The results were statistical y analyzed by the independent-sample t test.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No matter you are a male or female, the mandibular length of Class I was greater than that of Class II at the early stages of growth and development. In the Class I pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at accelerated, transition, and deceleration stages (P<0.05), whereas in the Class II pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at accelerated, transition, and deceleration stages (P<0.05). The present results indicate a sexual dimorphism in the mandibular length at almost al stages of bone maturation, but the possibility of a later“catch up”growth period occurs on Class II girls. And this information has important orthodontic clinical implications.

The effects of o-methyldauricine ( OMD ) , a derivative of dau-ricine, 2.5 & 5 nig/kg given intravenously on ECG & haemodyna-mics were studied in 14 anaesthetized dogs.OMD significantly decreased systolic & diastolic blood pressure dose-dependently, accompanied by a decrease in total peripheral resistance, an increase in strok volume & a slight increase in PEP/LVET. These haemodynamic effects are similar to those of dauricine. It produced a decrease in heart rate & no changes of mean pulmonary artery pressure & pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. 2.5mg/kg of OMD did not influence ECG significantly; 5 mg/kg of that slightly prolonged PR interval & did not alter QRS width & QTc interval significantly. Comparing with the results reported previously about dauricine the data suggest that OMD is similar to dauricine in hypotensive effect & different in effects on ECG from dauricine that prolonged PR interval & QRS width significantly.

Objective To understand the ammonia pollution level in indoor air in Chengdu city,China.Methods 50 newly decorated houses included resident houses,offices and public places were selected in Chengdu city.The national standard method of China-Berthelot spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of ammonia in indoor air.Results The result showed that the average concentration of ammonia was 0.307 mg/m3,the rate of exceed standard limit was 58.33%,the highest concentration was 0.598 mg/m3,which was almost three times of the national standard limit.At 4 months after decoration,the concentration of ammonia decreased near to the national standard limit(0.20 mg/m3).Conclusion As the time goes on,the concentration of ammonia in indoor air shows a downtrend,and in general,it will reach to the safe level in 4 months after decoration,so it is suggested to move in the newly decorated houses after five months since the decoration finished will be better for human health.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sufentanil postconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the relationship with autophagy.Methods Thirty pathogen-free healthy adult male Wistar rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 180-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each)using a random nunber table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and sufentanil postconditioning group (group SP).The left renal pedicle was clamped for 45 mnin with an atraumatic vascular clamp followed by reperfusion,and the right kidney was removed immediately after onset of reperfusion in anesthetized rats to establish the model of renal I/R injury in I/R and SP groups.In group S,the left renal pedicle was only isolated,and the right kidney was removed.Sufentanil 1 μg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 5 min before reperfusion in group SP,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and I/R groups.At 24 h of reperfusion,blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for measurement of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.The animnals were then sacrificed,and the left renal specimens were obtained for examination of pathological changes (with light microscopes) and for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 in renal tissues (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Conpared with group S,the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly increased,and the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 in renal tissues was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of kidneys were aggravated in I/R and SP groups.Compared with group I/R,the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 in renal tissues was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of kidneys were significantly attenuated in group SP.Conclusion Sufentanil postconditioning can attenuate renal I/R injury,and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of autophagy in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To improve information management of hospital infections.METHODS:The hospital infection monitoring and management software developed by the hospital where the authors work was applied to monitor the risk factors of hospital infections at real time and selectively.RESULTS:The software could be applied to investigate the situation of antibacterial use in hospital,evaluate the rationality of drug action,monitor the incidence of hospital infections,and analyze the risk factors of hospital infections.CONCLUSIONS:The hospital infection monitoring and management software is con-venient and easy to operate,which can enhance the efficiency and effect of the management of hospital infection.

Objective To explore whether intravenous injection of hydrogen‐rich saline having the protective effect on sodium taurocholate induced severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) associated lung injury(APALI) in rats and its possible mechanisms .Methods Fifty‐four healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham‐operation group (Sham group) ,model group (SAP+ NS group) and hydrogen water treatment group (SAP + HRS group) ,and each group was subdivided into 6 ,12 ,24 h subgroups .Six rats were killed at each time point for collecting serum ,lung tissue and pancreas tissue .Serum TNF‐αand IL‐1βlevels ,lung wet /dry weight ratio ,expression of TNF‐αmRNA and IL‐1βmRNA in the lung tissue were detected .The pathological evaluation of pancreas and lung tissue injury was performed .Results (1)The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in serum ,pancreas and lung tissue pathological scores ,TNF‐αmRNA and IL‐1βmRNA expression levels in the lung tissue and lung wet dry weight ratio at the time points of 6 , 12 ,24 h in the SAP+NS group and the SAP+ HRS group were higher than those in the sham group (P<0 .05) .(2) Compared with the SAP+NS group ,the levels of serum TNF‐α,TNF‐αmRNA expression level in the lung tissue and lung wet dry weight ra‐tio at all time points in the SAP+ HRS group were lower(P<0 .05);the levels of serum IL‐1β,pancreas and lung tissue pathologi‐cal score and IL‐1β‐mRNA expression at 6 h in the lung tissue had no statistical difference between the SAP+NS group and SAP+HRS group ,but which at time points of 12 ,24 h in the SAP+ HRS group were lower than those in the SAP+NS group(P<0 .05) . Conclusion HRS realize the protection on APALI possibly via its elective anti‐oxidation action for inhibiting oxidative stress injury related cytokines expression .

Objective To investigate the effect of a new type of retrograde reperfusion on the intraoperative internal environment and hemodynamics during classic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods 20 patients underwent classic OLT using a new type of retrograde reperfusion in our center.Blood sampling was done at different parts or time points including:before blood venting via the portal vein (PV) of the donor liver,5 ml of blood was collected from the superior vena cava (PSVC),inferior vena cava (PIVC) and portal vein (PPV).During retrograde reperfusion through the inferior vena cava (IVC),5 mL of blood was collected when the volume of blood venting reached 5 ml (T1),100 ml (T2),and 200 ml (T3),respectively.The differences of data were compared after the blood samples were analyzed.In addition,the number instances of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) were recorded.Results All operations were completed successfully,in which PRS occurred in 4 patients (20％).The most notable findings are the significant changes of nearly all data at T1,T2 and T3,including pH value,PvO2,SvO2,BEecf,HCO3-,Lac,K +,and Ca2 +,compared with PIVC (P ＜ 0.05) and a trend toward recovery in all the data.Yet their levels at T3 did not come back to the levels at PIVC (P ＜ 0.05).Besides,for pH value,Lac,K +,HCO3-and BEecf,there were no significant differences between PSVC,PIVC and PPV (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions During classic OLT,the main factors leading to a disordered internal environment after recirculation stem from venous retum within the donor liver.This new type of retrograde perfusion can eliminate some of the harmful metabolites inside the donor liver in time and to some extent reduce internal environment disorders as well as drastic hemodynamic fluctuations after recirculation.