No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Humans

Treatment for the femoral shaft fractures in adolescents is somewhat controversial. These fractures have been treated nonoperatively, but adolescents tolerate prolonged immobilization less well than younger children and conservative treatment in this age group may result in more complicationssuch as malunion, shortening and angular deformities more often than those in the younger age group. Recently there has been a tendency to choose the operative method rather than traditional traction and casting technique for femoral shaft fractures in elderly children and adolescent The purpose of this study is to find better treatment for the femoral shaft fractures in adolescents. Fifty six femoral shaft fractures in 56 patients aged 10 to 14 years old were treated with traction followed by casting, open reduction and internal fixation with plate, closed intramedullary nailing, or external fixation using A-0 external fixator, and evaluated respectively for at least 1 year. External fixation may be benefit to patients with concomittant injuries and result in psychological settle down, early mobilization out of bed, short hospital stay, save of cost,and early return to daily living activities without any disadvantages such as malunion, leg length discrepancy or awareness of growing arrest in spite of negligible pin tract infection. Result of this study suggests that external fixation for the femoral shaft fractures may be an one of the attractive treatment option in adolescents.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adolescent* ; Aged ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Leg ; Length of Stay ; Traction

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli*

The AO internal fixation system(the Fixateur Interne) is effective in reducing and stablizing a variety of unstable thoracolumbar fracture patterns. It is relatively effective in decompressing the canal of retropulsed bony fragments associated with burst fracture. Sixty-Two patients with unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures were treated with the AO internal fixator. They were followed for an average of 21 months(range 15-29 months). A compartive radiographic analysis of kyphosis and vertebral height was made using pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up radiogram. Changes in neural canal compromise were measured in 18 cases of burst fractures. Failure of instrumentation occured in 9 cases which were carefully analyzed. Recently, we've constructed the system of which the Schanz screws would be directed divergently in sagittal plane in the hope that the load to the screws might be reduced, thus the failure rate.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hope ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Kyphosis ; Neural Tube ; Spine

PURPOSE: There is increasing awareness of the clinical importance of early detection and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) injury. We evaluate the usefulness of Magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the diagnosis of PCL injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the MR images of 140 cases with clinically suspected knee injury. Arthroscopic or surgical correlation was available in 63 cases. We observed the finding and extent of PCL injury and other associated abnormalities. The frequency of anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligament was evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven PCL injuries were observed, six midsubstance tears, two tibial attachment tears, two fernoral attachment tear, one laxity. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MR imaging diagnosis are 100%, 98.1%, 98.4%. MR findings of PCL injury are discontinuity and focal mass formation, irregular increased signal intensity, detachment or redundancy of the ligament with avulsed bony fragment. In all cases of injured PCL, other associated abnormalities of adjacent structures were observed. Accessory anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments were observed in 67.4%(87/129). CONCLUSION: MR imaging is useful in evaluation of presence or absence of PCL injury, accurate extent of PCL injury and other important associated abnormalities of adjacent structures.
Diagnosis ; Knee Injuries ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The present study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of NLVs among diarrheagenic children and in healthy adults in Seoul and its vicinity with the use of an EIA and an Western blot (WB) based on recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein (rNV) and crude virus preparations as antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 34 (83%) of 41 tested using the EIA and in 21 (54%) of 39 using the WB, suggesting that the NLVs with epitopes common to rNV are prevalent in Seoul area. Diarrheal children who were known to have been infected with several other strains of the NLVs showed no significant antibody response to the rNV. Infection with rNV occurred earlier in life: primary infections with rNV were common before the age of 6 months and over 91% of children had evidence of infection by that age by the EIA. Since the amount of the NLV antigens available for seroepidemiologic surveys is limited, we tried to detect NLV antibody by using crude virus preparations as antigen. One crude virus preparation of a child whose stool yielded genetically distinct NLV revealed the presence of the plural number of bands upon SDS-PAGE, but precipitated only one band (62 kDa) after the WB with a serum (collected 10 days after the onset of symptoms) of another diarrheal child. The WB assay we present in this report revealed that the NLVs are prevalent among Korean population and that the sera contained antibody to a single major structural protein, with molecular sizes of 58 to 62 kDa, compatible with the sizes reported for the Norwalk virus and Snow Mountain agent proteins, respectively. When the results of the WB were compared with those obtained by the EIA, the EIA antibody assay was sensitive enough to detect an antibody rise of as much as 4096-fold but not as specific as the WB. The WB assay presented in this paper will provide a powerful tool to elucidate not only antigenic structures of the NLVs but also seroepidemiology of the NLV infection. The availability of an unlimited source of antigen will enable a large scale serologic studies that will greatly increase our understanding of the role of NLVs in human enteric illness.
Adult ; Antibody Formation ; Blotting, Western ; Capsid Proteins ; Capsid* ; Child ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Norovirus* ; Norwalk virus* ; Seoul* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Snow

BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone(hGH) plays a central role in linear bone growth and body metabolism. Its mitogenic effect in human tissues is mediated via direct and indirect actions. As proposed by the "somatomedin hypothesis", many circulating GH-mediated effects are exerted indirectly and systemically via stimulation of hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). Given additional evidences for the expression of growth hormone receptor(GH-R) and IGF-1 receptor(IGF-1R) on many target tissues including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts, it is now evident that the GH can act via systemic IGF-1 secreted by the liver and locally produced IGF-1, as well as directly through the GH receptor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the effect of IGF-1 on the morphologic changes, proliferation, and melanization of cultured human melanocytes but also on its signal transduction pathway through the IGF-1R. METHODS: Melanocytes were exposed to IGF-1 at 10, 25, 50, 75, 100ng/ml and we examined the changes of cell morphology, number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, MTS assay, and melanization according to the concentrations and exposure times of IGF-1. Also, the activity of p44/42 MAPK/ERK according to the various exposure times of IGF-1(25ng/ml) was examined using the Western blotting method to find out about the signal transdution pathway of IGF-1. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1. There were no significant morphological changes of cells between the control and experimental groups according to the concentrations and exposure times of IGF-1. 2. The effects on melanocytes according to the concentrations of IGF-1 5 days after adding IGF-1 : 1) The number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and MTS assay were significantly higher than those of control group in all experimental groups(p<0.05). 2) The melanin content showed an insignificant decrease in all experimental groups. 3) The melanocytes responded independent of the IGF-1 concentration in the assay of cell number, [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTS. 3. The effects on melanocytes according to the exposure times(3 days, 5 days, 7 days) of IGF-1(25 ng/ml) : 1) The number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and MTS assay increased as time went by, and was significantly higher than those of control group at all exposure times(p<0.05). 2) The melanin content decreased after exposure of IGF-1, especially that of 3 days exposure group showed a significant decrease(p<0.05). 4. The activities of p44/42 MAPK/ERK increased suddenly at 5 minutes with a peak at 60 minutes and then abruptly decreased at 120 minutes after adding IGF-1 CONCLUSION: In summary, this study demonstrates that IGF-1 has no effect on the morphology, but it does increase the proliferation and slightly decrease the melanization of cultured human melanocytes. In addition, it is suggested that IGF-1 plays a role in regulation of proliferation of melanocytes via the receptor PTK pathway with activation of p44/42 MAPK/ERK.
Blotting, Western ; Bone Development ; Cell Count ; Fibroblasts ; Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Keratinocytes ; Liver ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Metabolism ; Signal Transduction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of project perception for those nurses from research-driven hospitals and to analyze the effect of research-relevant performance in the health care field focusing on the mediated effect of research capacity and job satisfaction. METHODS: Data were collected from June, 2014 to July, 2014, and participants were 106 research nurses in Research-driven hospitals. Descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS: As a result, Research-relevant performance according to project perception of research nurses from Research-driven Hospitals was not statistically significant, but research capacity and job satisfaction had a mediating role. Evaluation System Perception was significantly different from Research Capacity (p<.001), Research Capacity was significantly different from Job Satisfaction (p<.001), Job Satisfaction was significantly different from Research Performance (p<.001) CONCLUSION: The results indicate that research capacity building and job security research nurses are able to contribute to improving research performance of research-driven hospitals.
Capacity Building ; Delivery of Health Care ; Job Satisfaction* ; Negotiating*

A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the female urinary bladder, which is accompanied by endometriosis of the urinary bladder and the uterus, is reported. The carcinoma protruded into the vesical lumen as a fungating mass, and had a tubulocyotic pattern. The tumor cell had intracytoplasmic glycogen and electron microscopically short microvilli on their surface, resembling clear cell acenocarcinoma of the female genital tract including ovary. This is the fourth case report of clear cell adenocarcinoma complicating vesical endometriosis, and may support the view that clear cell carcinome arises from endometriosis which, in turn, from the Mullerian remnant.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma