No abstract available.
Biliary Atresia* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Ventilation*

"Dual LAD" was defined as the early bifurcation of the proximal LAD into two vessels : a short LAD which remained in the anterior interventricular sulcus and does not reach the apex, and a long LAD which leaves the anterior interventricular sulcus only to return to the distal sulcus and continue to the apex. Recognition of "Dual LAD" is essential to prevent errors of interpretation of the coronary arteriogram and for planning of optimal surgical therapy. We report 2 cases of "Dual LAD" with the review of the literatures.
Coronary Vessels*

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.
Adult ; Anodontia ; Beauty ; Dentists ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Internet ; Korea ; Male ; Tooth

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.
Adult ; Anodontia ; Beauty ; Dentists ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Internet ; Korea ; Male ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Improvements in catheter equipments and increasing experience of the operators have brought about a broadening of the indications and applications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA). In particular, coronary angioplasty has been employed in total occlusions.We evaluated the initial success rate and safety of PTCA total occulsive coronary artery disease. METHODS: To assess the success rate and safety of PTCA total coronary artery occlusion, the data of 24 patients(male 19, female 5, mean age 55+/-9 years), in whom PTCA for total occlusion were performed, were examined. RESULTS: Primary success rate of procedure was 66.7%(16 out of 24 lesions).The success rate according to the duration of total occlusions was 8 out of 11(72.7%) with occlusions<4 weeks duration and 3 out of 7(42.9%) with occlusions>4 weeks duration(p=0.07). There was no difference in success rate according to vassel dilate(left anterior descending 75.0%, right coronary 44.4%) and length of occluded lesion(0.93%+/-0.47%cm, p=0.35). Eight procedural failures included inability to cross the lesion with a guide wire in 6 and inability to dilate the lesion in 2, but there was no emergency coronary bypass surgery or cardiac death. CONCLUSION: Even though the recanalization of occluded coronary arteries has a lower initial success rate than angioplasty for stenotic arteries, PTCA in total occlusion can be performed as a safe and effective therapeutic modality in selective patients.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* ; Arteries ; Catheters ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Indications and applications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) have been broaden recent years. We evaluated the initial success rate and safety of PTCA in mulitiple lesions and vessels. METHODS: To assess the success rate and safety of PTCA In mulitiple lesions and vessels, the data of 60 lesions from 28 patients(male 23, female 5, mean age 56+/-12 years), in whom PTCA for multiple lesions and vessels were performed, were examined. Initial results and complications were compared in 37 lesions undergoing multivessel and 23 lesions undergoing multilesion PTCA. RESULTS: Overall primary success rate of procedure was 82%(49 out of 60 lesions). Angioplasty was attempted in mean 2.1 stenotic lesions per patient. Primary success rate per lesion was 84%(31 of 37) among those who underwent multivessel and 78%(18 of 23) among those who underwent multilesion PTCA(p>0.05). Success rate according to the combination of dilated vessels was 85.7%(12 of 14) in left anterior descending(LAD) and left circumflex(LCX), 83.3%(10 of 12) in LAD and right coronary artery(RCA), 100.0%(4 of 4) in LAD and diagonal branch, RCA and LCX in 75.0%(3 of 4), and 66.7%(2 of 3) in LAD, LCX and diagonal branch. Eleven failures(18.3%) included inability to pass the guide wire cross the lesion or inability to locate the balloon catheter in 5(8,3%), abrupt closure in 2(3,3%), coronary spasm in 1(1.7%) and major branch occlusion in 3(5.0%), but there was no emergency coronary bypass surgery or cardiac death. CONCLUSION: Coronary angioplasty in selected patients with multivessel and multilesion coronary artery disease might be useful and have relatively good initial results, but the long-term efficacies with other forms of treatment must be evaluated prospectively.
Angioplasty* ; Catheters ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Death ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Spasm

PURPOSE: In premature, neurologic sequelae is most important long-term complication. So we investigated the relationship between brain ultrasonographic findings and neurologic outcome. METHODS: Infants weighting less than 2,000gm who were discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Jan 1, 1989 to Dec. 31 1992, were investigated. All ultrasound images were examined for evidence ICH/IVH, periventricular echogenicity, and cystic PVL. Infants were assessed neurodevelopmentally in the neonatal period and at least until 12 months corrected for gestation age. RESULTS: 1) Total 291 infants were discharged, but expired, against medical advice discharged, and lost follow-up infants were exculded, 187 infants were investigated for the realtionship between brain ultrasonographic findings and neurologic outcomes. 2) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae (cerebral palsy) according to birth weight was as follow: 4 cases (50%) of less than 1,000gm; 13 cases (24.5%) of between 1,001gm and 1,500gm; 11 cases (5.6%) of between 1,501gm and 2,000gm, 3) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae according to intraventricular hemorhage (IVH) was as follows : no IVH, 1 cases (1.4%) of 69 case; IVH gradeI, 9 cases (16.1%) of 56 cases; IVH grade II, 9 cases (17%) of 53 cases; grade III, 5 cases (55.6%) of 9 cases. 4) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae according to the degree of periventricular echogenisity (PVE) was as follows : normal PVE, none of 53 cases; transient increased PVE, 1 case (2.5%) of 40 cases; persistent increased PVE, 6 cases (8.3%) of 72 cases; cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), 17 cases (77%) of 22 cases. 5) Mantel-Haenszel chi-square analysis for the relationship between IVH and PVE showed significant correlation (p<0.05). 6) Linear logistic regression analysis for risk factors of neurologic sequelae showed that low birth weight and PVE were significant factors (p<0.05), but IVH was not significant factor (p>0.05). 7) The severity and nature of neurologic sequelae correlated with the locations and the severity of cystic PVL. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that low birth weight and PVL are risk factors of neurologic sequelae, and location and extent of PVL correlate with severity and type of neurologic sequelae. So early detection and follow-up examination of PVL by brain ultrasonography are needed for early detection of neurologic sequelae and minimization of handicaps.
Birth Weight* ; Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Logistic Models ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: In premature, neurologic sequelae is most important long-term complication. So we investigated the relationship between brain ultrasonographic findings and neurologic outcome. METHODS: Infants weighting less than 2,000gm who were discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Jan 1, 1989 to Dec. 31 1992, were investigated. All ultrasound images were examined for evidence ICH/IVH, periventricular echogenicity, and cystic PVL. Infants were assessed neurodevelopmentally in the neonatal period and at least until 12 months corrected for gestation age. RESULTS: 1) Total 291 infants were discharged, but expired, against medical advice discharged, and lost follow-up infants were exculded, 187 infants were investigated for the realtionship between brain ultrasonographic findings and neurologic outcomes. 2) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae (cerebral palsy) according to birth weight was as follow: 4 cases (50%) of less than 1,000gm; 13 cases (24.5%) of between 1,001gm and 1,500gm; 11 cases (5.6%) of between 1,501gm and 2,000gm, 3) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae according to intraventricular hemorhage (IVH) was as follows : no IVH, 1 cases (1.4%) of 69 case; IVH gradeI, 9 cases (16.1%) of 56 cases; IVH grade II, 9 cases (17%) of 53 cases; grade III, 5 cases (55.6%) of 9 cases. 4) The proportion of infants with neurologic sequelae according to the degree of periventricular echogenisity (PVE) was as follows : normal PVE, none of 53 cases; transient increased PVE, 1 case (2.5%) of 40 cases; persistent increased PVE, 6 cases (8.3%) of 72 cases; cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), 17 cases (77%) of 22 cases. 5) Mantel-Haenszel chi-square analysis for the relationship between IVH and PVE showed significant correlation (p<0.05). 6) Linear logistic regression analysis for risk factors of neurologic sequelae showed that low birth weight and PVE were significant factors (p<0.05), but IVH was not significant factor (p>0.05). 7) The severity and nature of neurologic sequelae correlated with the locations and the severity of cystic PVL. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that low birth weight and PVL are risk factors of neurologic sequelae, and location and extent of PVL correlate with severity and type of neurologic sequelae. So early detection and follow-up examination of PVL by brain ultrasonography are needed for early detection of neurologic sequelae and minimization of handicaps.
Birth Weight* ; Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Logistic Models ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Ultrasonography

This study was done to determine the value of thallium-201 stress myocardial perfusion scanning for identifying disease in the individual coronary arteries. Segement analysis of rest and stress myocardial perfusion scanning was performed in 65 subjects who underwent coronary arteriography. Anterolateral wall detects had a sensitivity of 70%, a spectivity of 92%, and a predicitive accuracy of 93.3% for identifying left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery disease(CAD). Anteroseptal wall defects had a sensitivy of 62.5%, a specificity of 80%, and a predictive accuracy of 83.3% for identifying LAD CAD. Septal wall defects had a sensitivity of 67.5%, a specificity of 92%, and a predictive accuracy of 94.4% for identifying LAD CAD. Inferior wall defects had a sensitivity of 65.4%, a specificity of 89.7%, and a predictive accuracy of 80.9% for identifying right CAD. Posterolateral wall defects had a identifying left circumflex CAD. Thus, although senmental analysis of stress myocardial perfusin scanning can identify LAD CAD with high sensitivity and specificity, only moderate sensitivity and specificity are achieved in identifying right CAD or left circumflex CAD. But stress myocardial perfusion scanning has tendency to identify the most severely ischemic area, use of segmental analysis may be of benefit in the evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease before or after coronary artery bypass graft and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Perfusion* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transplants