PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the immunohistochemical distributions of HO-1 and HO-2 with the developmental process of retina, focusing on the time of birth and opening eyes because it is the time of the exposure to hyperoxia and light exposure. METHODS: The retina of 16-day-old embryo, 18-day-old embryo, 20-day-old embryo and postnatal rats at 0 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months were examined by hematoxylineeosin staining and immunohistochemistry of HO-1 and HO-2. RESULTS: Similar distribution of HO-1 and HO-2 from embryo to mature retina were observed. It was observed that HO-1 and HO-2 was contained in ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment layer of the mature retina. In the developmental process, reactivity was observed in the cell body of ganglion cells after 0 day of its birth. The reactivity was increased after 5 days of its birth, staining was observed in nerve cell and nerve fiber of ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner segment of neuroblastic layer, pigment layer at this time. Reactivity of ganglion cell layer and pigment layer was increased intensively after 15 days of its birth and weak reactivity in some of horizontal cells and amacrine cells in inner plexiform layer was observed. The same distribution as that of mature retina was observed after 20 days of its birth. CONCLUSIONS: HO-1 and HO-2 expression was temporally and spatially correlated with the normal development of retina in rats. HO was concerned with the structure and function of retinal development by the activation of its products and with anti-oxidant mechanism on the time of birth and opening eyes.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Embryonic Structures ; Ganglion Cysts ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)* ; Heme* ; Hyperoxia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

The authors performed frontalis sling operation using autogenous levator muscle transposition for ptotic lid between February, 1989 and March, 1993. Four cases were Marcus-Gunn ptosis and one case was paralytic ptosis with aberrant regeneration in patient with oculomotor nerve palsy. The postoperative surgical results were satisfactory cosmetically.
Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Regeneration

The effect of topical steroid on corneal alkali wound has been controversial due to a complexity of its mechanism and a risk of ulceration and perforation. In this study, the effect of topical 0,1% dexamethasone on corneal epithelial wound healing following alkali burn was evaluated quantitatively. 22 eyes wounded by alkali burn out of 22 white rabbits were divided into 3 groups ; A group treated with topical 0.1% dexamethasone for eight weeks, B grouptreated with topical 0.1% dexamethasone for the first one week followed by another seven weeks without treatment, C group with no treatment served as a control. The area of corneal epithelial defect was examined at 6, 18, 30, 42 hours following corneal alkali wound for initial wound healing and examined every other day from 4 days to 48 days following corneal alkali wound for late wound healing. In this study, it was found that topical 0.1% dexamethasone delayed corneal epithelial healing following corneal alkali burn in both stage of initial and late wound healing.
Alkalies* ; Burns ; Dexamethasone* ; Rabbits ; Ulcer ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

An intact basement membrane which provides a firm attachment of basal epithelial cells to the maintain the corneal integrity in alkali wound healing. Despite many therapeutic trials tested, the fate of present investigation, the repair process of basal epithelium and its basement membrane was evaluated morphologically by utilizing a transmission electron microscope. New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5kg, total of 16(16 eyes), were used in this experiment. Initial epithelial wounds were induced by applying a 5.5mm round filter paper, soaked in 1N NaOH, put on the central cornea for 60 seconds. Animals were divided into two groups and treated with 0.1% dexamethasone in the treated group and with balanced salt solution(BSS) in the control eyes q,i,d. for 8 weeks;. In control eyes, the basement membrane started focal disruption at 2 days, became the worst state at 4 weeks, and regained the normal integrity at 8 weeks after initial alkai damage, In dexamethansone-treated eyes. the basement membrance structure was fairly well visible up to 4 weeks and was almost completely disappeared at 8 weeks after intial alkali wounds.
Alkalies* ; Animals ; Basement Membrane* ; Cornea ; Dexamethasone* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Rabbits ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

88 workers exposed to cadmium were examined at the 12 factories using or producing cadmium in order to know the present state of cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction in 1992. Cadmium in blood and in urine were measured and compared by the 3 exposure level of cadmium in air. Cadmium in blood of low, moderate and high exposure group were 2.5, 3,8 and 7.6 microgram/L, respectively. Cadmium in urine were 1.8(1.3), 3.8(2,6) and 7.9 microgram/L(6.1 microgram/g creatinine) , resrectively. However, there was no relationship between Urinary cadmium and beta(2)-microglobulin. Cumulative exposure estimate (CEE) was calculated by multiplying the mean ambient cadmium level of the factory and working duration. CEE has a high correlation with cadmium in blood and urine, but no relation to beta(2)-microglobulin. Because working durations were relatively shorter than European workers', the highest CEE was just 300 microgram. year/m(3), which was not enough to induce renal tubular dysfunction. This study, however, suggested the possibility that renal tubular dysfunction caused by cadmium could be happened in Korea in the near future.
Cadmium* ; Korea ; Occupations*

Light andelectron microscopic findings of Fuchs`dystrophy were examined in a corneal button obtained following a penetrating keratoplasty. In light microscopic study, an avascular connective tissue was observed between the epithelial basement membrane and Bowman`s layer. Fibroblast-like cells scattered on the denuded surface of the Descemet`s membrane were found in a flat-mounted specimen examined after alizarine red and tryphan blue staining. A slightly thickened Descemet`s membrane covered with the disorganized endothelium was observed in a electron microscopy. Swollen organelles and vacuoles in the cytoplasm were found as an internal structure of the endothelium.
Basement Membrane ; Connective Tissue ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelium ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Membranes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organelles ; Vacuoles

The development of standards and guidelines of rehabilitation nursing has been the major concerns for providing better nursing to the rehabilitation clients. As the patients with stroke and spinal cord injuries are the most prevalent physical disabilities in Korea, this study focussed on the nursing diagnoses of these two groups of patients. In order to identify the nursing diagnoses frequently used in their practice for the patients with stroke and spinal cord injuries, a survey was done with the questionnaire form developed by the research team. The surveyee were the staff nurses working at rehabilitation wards more than 2 years from 8 general hospitals in Korea. They identified and set the priorities of 13 nursing diagnoses from 79 stroke patients and 10 nursing diagnoses from 35 patients with spinal cord injuries during the periods from March 1 to June 2, 1999. The identified nursing diagnoses for the stroke patients are impaired physical immobility, sensory-perceptual alterations, activity intolerance, self -care deficit, altered defecation, altered urination, risk for injury, unilateral neglect, impaired skin integrity, altered thought processes, pain, altered health maintenance, dysreflexia. The identified nursing diagnoses for spinal cord injuries are altered urination, altered defecation, impaired skin integrity, pain, risk for injury, reflex incontinence, impaired physical immobility, self-care deficit, activity intolerance, knowledge deficit.
Defecation ; Diagnosis* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reflex ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Self Care ; Skin ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Stroke* ; Urination

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is sporadic in South Korea. Since porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) infection was identified in South Korea in 1996, the TGE infection has decreased with the PRCV occurrence. In this study, we described the sero-surveillance of TGE/PRCV infection by using a commercially available ELISA kit. A total of 1,295 sera from slaughtered pigs and 69 sera from wild boars were collected in years 2009 and 2010 throughout the country and tested for antibodies against TGE and PRCV. Although there was no clinical sign observed for TGE and vaccination had not been done for TGEV, 4.9% of sera showed positive for antibody against TGEV. Furthermore, 63.7% of finisher and 8.7% of wild boars were positive for antibody against PRCV. Our result suggests that the TGEV infection might still be present in some farms in South Korea.
Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastroenteritis ; Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus ; Republic of Korea ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus ; Vaccination

Pulmonary blastoma are a family of tumors in which the glands or mesenchyme composing the neoplasm are primitive or embryonal in appearance. We report a pulmonary blastoma occurring in a 31 years old man. An abnormal shadow was detected in the right lower lung field in a routine chest X-ray film. The preoperative imaging films showed about a 5cm sized well circumscribed solid tumor of the right lung. A preoperative clinical diagnosis of primary lung cancer was considerd. The operative field showed that the hard, round mass, 6 x 5 x 4cm in diameter was localized in middle lobe of the right lung, and partially adhered to the upper lobe, pericardium and diaphragm. Right middle lobe lobectomy, right upper lobe wedge resection, partial pericardiectomy and diaphragm resection with plication was performed with radical lymph node dissection. Histopathologic diagnosis was pulmonary blastoma (Biphasic blastoma). It is considered that the prognosis of biphasic blastoma is worse than WDFA(well differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma). There are no other available treatments except for surgical resection. It is suggested that it is necessary to collect as many cases as possible, to make definite classifications and to examine the clinical course and prognosis of pulmonary blastoma.
Adult ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mesoderm ; Pericardiectomy ; Pericardium ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Blastoma* ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

We report a case of 29-year-old, morbidly obese, diabetic primigravida who had undergone previously primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement for an inferior wall myocardial infarction at 10 weeks of gestation. She remained asymptomatic with medication during the remainder of her pregnancy, but preoperative echocardiography revealed left ventricular dilation and a restrictive diastolic dysfunction with a preserved ejection fraction (46%). She developed acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension after an elective Cesarean delivery under continuous epidural anesthesia despite the meticulous restriction of fluid.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Cesarean Section ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Stents