A case of congenital ectodermal iris cyst was presented, which occured in the right eye of a 26-year-old Korean male. Congenital iris cyst is a rare cyst of iris. Decreased visual acuity and white small sized mass at the pupillary margin of the right iris were his chief complaints prior to his visit to hospital. Visual acuity was O.D. 0.4, O.S. 1.2 and I.O.P. was normal. Surgical removal was successful and lost in follow up. Histology confirmed the lesion to be congenital ectodermal iris cyst.
Adult ; Ectoderm* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris* ; Male ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal therapeutic range of serum carbamazepine concentration in agitated brain injured patients. METHODS: Five traumatic brain injured patients exhibiting agitated behavior were treated with carbamazepine during acute rehabilitation. Carbamazepine dose was increased from 400 mg to 1600 mg gradually and blood samples were analyzed for serum carbamazepine concentration. The presence and degree of posttraumatic agitation was measured by the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) developed by Corrigan. Therapeutic serum concentration of carbamazepine was defined as serum carbamazepine concentration at a point of time maintaining the ABS scores below 21. RESULTS: After carbamazepine therapy, ABS score was changed from 36.2 to 19.8 and the therapeutic serum concentration of carbamazepine was 10.18 ug/ml on average. Experienced adverse effects were drowsiness, gastrointestinal trouble, slurred speech, headache, leukopenia, abnormal liver function test, hair loss, skin rash, and double vision. But most of these adverse effects were mild, transient, and reversible with an adjustment in dosage or rate of dosage increase. CONCLUSION: In the agitated brain injured patient, success in controlling the agitated behavior requires raising the dose of carbamazepine to high serum concentration levels above 10 ug/ml, as long as adverse effects do not intervene. Therefore we suggest that the therapeutic range of serum carbamazepine concentration for agitated brain injured patients is above 10 ug/ml.
Brain* ; Carbamazepine* ; Dihydroergotamine* ; Diplopia ; Exanthema ; Hair ; Headache ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Liver Function Tests ; Rehabilitation ; Sleep Stages

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences of the tendon reflex responses (TRR) between medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscles in healthy subject and spastic patients. METHOD: The TRR of medial and lateral heads were evaluated in 20 healthy subjects and 20 spastic hemiplegic patients. From 5 repeated trials on each subject, the shortest latency and duration, and the largest peak-to-peak amplitude of TRR were chosen for the representative value. RESULTS: 1. The evoked potentials by tendon reflex in medial head of gastrocnemius demonstrated significantly higher amplitude than in the lateral head of gastrocnemius in patients (P<0.05) and the evoked potentials in lateral head of gastrocnemius demonstrated significantly higher amplitude than in the medial head of gastrocnemius in healthy patients (P<0.05). 2. Mean latency of the evoked potentials by a tendon reflex in both heads of gastrocnemius in the spastic patients and healthy subjects were not significantly different (P>0.05). 3. Mean duration of the evoked potentials by a tendon reflex in both heads of gastrocnemius in spastic patients and healthy subjects were not significantly different (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the medial head of gastrocnemius is activated more than the lateral head of gastrocnemius by a tendon reflex in recording evoked potentials of the spastic patients.
Evoked Potentials ; Head* ; Hemiplegia* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Muscles ; Reflex, Stretch* ; Tendons*

No abstract available.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Early Diagnosis* ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis*

PURPOSE: It is very important to evaluate and fix coronoid process fractures because they are a critical element for a stable, effective elbow function. The lateral view of the elbow joint is used for a radiographic evaluation of the coronoid but an understanding of the fracture pattern is often difficult because of overlap of the radial head and obliquity of the fracture line. We developed the coronoid view, which is a new radiograph for an evaluation of the coronoid process fracture, and discuss its advantages for a postoperative follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The coronoid view was designed for an evaluation of the anteromedial fragment of the coronoid process. After the patient sat on his side, the shoulder was abducted 45degrees and the elbow was flexed 90degrees The X-ray beam was shot perpendicular to the table. Since shoulder was abducted 45degrees the fracture line of the coronoid process can be parallel to the X-ray beam, and the radial head can be cleared. CONCLUSION: The coronoid view can be a good alternative radiograph for an evaluation of a coronoid process fracture because the beam is parallel to the fracture line. The coronoid view can be particularly useful in postoperative patient follow-up where computed tomography is impractical due to metal implants and cost.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Shoulder

BACKGROUND: Current status of external quality assessment (EQA) of laboratory tests for syphilis in Korea was analyzed to find out the problems that should be improved in the future. METHODS: Based on the data from the external quality assessment program performed twice a year by the Immunoserology Subcommittee of the Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory from the year 2004 to 2006, discordance rates were analyzed according to the test method and commercial kit used. RESULTS: Among the laboratories participating in the EQA program for syphilis test, about 90% of them used non-treponemal tests and about 55% treponemal tests. The non-treponemal tests included RPR (rapid plasma reagin) and VDRL tests used in 88% (363/412) and 11% (45/412), respectively, of the laboratories. The discordance rates were 2.2% for RPR test and 3.6% for VDRL. For the treponemal tests, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) was used in 60-76% and Immunochromatography assay (ICA) in about 30% of the laboratories in 2006. A high discordance rate of over 10% was reported in both TPHA and in ICA methods, possibly due to a low titer (1:1 in VDRL) of EQA samples in 2005. Analysis of the accumulated data from year 2004 to 2006 showed that the discordance rates of TPHA, ICA, and FTA-ABS were 4.6%, 3.7%, and 2.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For syphilis tests, RPR test, TPHA, and ICA are mainly used in Korea. A high discordance rate is still reported in TPHA and ICA, especially when testing samples with a low titer. Further analysis of data and education of laboratory personnel are needed for the improvement of the EQA program.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; False Positive Reactions ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Humans ; Korea ; Quality Control ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Syphilis/*diagnosis ; Syphilis Serodiagnosis/methods/*standards ; Treponema Immobilization Test

No abstract available.
Arthritis*

PURPOSE: We evaluated both the patients and the normal volunteers to determine the diagnostic criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the radiologic finding of Thirty degree of caudal tilt view (TCTV) and Supraspinatus outlet view (SOV) of 100 shoulders from 85 patients with clinically proved subacromial impingement syndrome and normal 100 shoulders from 60 volunteers. RESULT: In TCTV, the protrusion of acromion below the line of extension from inferior surface of clavicle was shown in 94% of the patient group and 48% in normal group. Sharp tip of acromial protrusion was detectable in 55.3% of the patient group and 10.4% in normal group. In SOV, curved type of acromion was seen in 53% of the normal and 50% in patient group. Hooked type of acromion was detected in 3% and 31% of the normal and patient group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Protrusion of acromion at TCTV itself was not a criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome, but more than 7 mm below the line of extension from inferior surface of clavicle was meanigful. In SOV, hooked type of acromion was a criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome but curved type is was not a finding of diagnostic significence. Acromial spur formation on TCTV and SOV was important criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome.
Acromion ; Clavicle ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: We evaluated both the patients and the normal volunteers to determine the diagnostic criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the radiologic finding of Thirty degree of caudal tilt view (TCTV) and Supraspinatus outlet view (SOV) of 100 shoulders from 85 patients with clinically proved subacromial impingement syndrome and normal 100 shoulders from 60 volunteers. RESULT: In TCTV, the protrusion of acromion below the line of extension from inferior surface of clavicle was shown in 94% of the patient group and 48% in normal group. Sharp tip of acromial protrusion was detectable in 55.3% of the patient group and 10.4% in normal group. In SOV, curved type of acromion was seen in 53% of the normal and 50% in patient group. Hooked type of acromion was detected in 3% and 31% of the normal and patient group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Protrusion of acromion at TCTV itself was not a criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome, but more than 7 mm below the line of extension from inferior surface of clavicle was meanigful. In SOV, hooked type of acromion was a criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome but curved type is was not a finding of diagnostic significence. Acromial spur formation on TCTV and SOV was important criteria of subacromial impingement syndrome.
Acromion ; Clavicle ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome* ; Volunteers