The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologic result of bone substituting material on defects followed tooth extraction. We compare the histologic findings control, DFDBA, Bio-Oss(R), and Regenafil(TM), Briefly, mandibular premolar teeth were extracted available for bone filling. All alveolar sites were checked after extraction and thoroughly debrided with a dental curet to remove the periodontal ligament. Extraction sites were prepared dehiscence on buccal side 7mm height from alveolar crest. The graft materials were filled into the extraction socket and dehiscenc defects. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after implantation. Both treated and control mandibular sites were histologically evaluated with light microscopy. Histologic observation at 12 weeks revealed that control and experimental sites were healed uneventfully and directly apposed to new bone without any adverse tissue reaction. DFDBA and Bio-Oss(R) sites maintain width of alveolar crest but were not fully resorbed. Regenafil(TM) sites also maintain width and particles were resorbed more than other graft materials. From this results, it was suggested that Regenafil(TM) is promising boen substituting materials maintaining the width of alveolar crest and height follewed tooth extraction.
Animals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect a chewable tablet containing sodium flouride and lauroyl sodium sulfate on removing plaque and inhibiting gingival inflammation. A randomized parallel study was designed. 100 voluteers participated in the study. There were two test groups each with 30 subject. Test group A was instructed to brush once in the morning, and to use the tablet once in the afternoon and once in the evening. Test group B was instructed to use the tablet three times a day without brushing. There were two control groups each with 20 subjects. Control group A was instructed to brush once in the morning only. Control group B was instructed not to brush all. Two weeks before the test period, the subjects received through tooth cleaning and polishing. At baseline, GI, PI, BOP, and GCF of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in all groups. Bacteria culture was done with the plaque sampled from tooth with the deepest pocket. After 5 days, clinical indices were measured and the bacterial culture was repeated. Control group B was dropped from the study after this period. All the other groups remained and the indices and the culture was repeated after 2 weeks, and 3weeks. Also whether the oral mucosa showed signs of irritation was monitored throughout the test period. Test group A showed less PI, GI, BOP, probing depth, GCF than test group B or control group A. Especially, PI and the BOP was significantly less than that of the group that was instructed to brush once a day. This implies that the added use of this tablet aids in plaque removal in people who brush just once a day. Test group A showed increase of cocci, decrease of motile rods, and decrease of spirochetes after 14-21 days. And this was significantly different from the control group A. At no time of the test period did any of the subjects show signs of irritation of the oral mucosa or adverse reactions. Following conclusions could be obtained from this study. This chewable tablet for enhanced oral hygiene could be used as an adjunct to oral hygiene in people who do not brush adequately. The use of this tablet decreased the number of subgingival bacteria, and this could be effective in plaque removal and for prevention of gingival inflammation.
Bacteria ; Dental Plaque ; Gingivitis ; Inflammation* ; Mouth Mucosa ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontitis ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium* ; Spirochaetales ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The aim of this case report is to present the longitudinal results of sinus grafting using a new demineralized bovine bone material (DBBM) in human cases. METHODS: A patient with a resorbed maxilla was treated by maxillary sinus grafting using a new deproteinized bovine bone material. After a healing period of 6.5 months, three implants were placed and restored. The patient was periodically recalled and followed up for 5 years after restoration. RESULTS: Twelve partially edentulous patients (average age, 55.7 years) were followed up. All patients had insufficient residual height in their maxillary posterior area and underwent maxillary sinus graft surgery to increase the height of their maxilla. In all, 27 fixtures were placed in the augmented bone area. On average, 8.6 months later, implants were loaded using provisional or final restorations. The observation period ranged from 27 to 75 months (average, 43.3 months), and the patients did not show any severe resorption of the graft material or any infection during this time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the new DBBM is useful for a maxillary sinus graft procedure. Good healing responses as well as reliable results were obtained for an average follow-up period of 43.3 months.
Bone Substitutes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Sinus Floor Augmentation ; Transplants*

In spite of the attention given to the study of mesenchymal stem cells derived periodontal ligament (PDL), there is a lack of information about canine PDL cells. In this study, we characterized canine PDL cells to clarify their stem cell properties, including self renewal, proliferate rate, stem cell markers and multipotency. PDL cells were obtained from extracted premolars of canines, following a colony forming assay and proliferation rate of sub-confluent cultures of cells for self-renewal, immunostaining for STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18 and a differentiation assay for multipotency. Canine PDL cells formed single-cells colonies and 25% of the PDL cells displayed positive staining for BrdU. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem-cell markers, STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18. Under defined culture conditions, the cells differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, but the cells didn't differentiated into chondrocytes. The findings of this study indicated that the canine PDL cells possess crucial stem cells properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency, and express the mesenchymal stem cell markers on their surface. The isolation and characterization of canine PDL cells makes it feasible to pursue preclinical models of periodontal regeneration in canine.
Adipocytes ; Bicuspid ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Chondrocytes ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells*

PURPOSE: Connective tissue reattachment to periodontally damaged root surfaces is one of the most important goals of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a root conditioning agent that can demineralize and detoxify the infected root surface. METHODS: Dentin slices obtained from human teeth were treated with a novel root planing agent for 2 minutes and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Smear layer removal and type I collagen exposure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and type I collagen immunostaining, respectively. Cell attachment and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) removal demonstrated the efficiency of the root conditioning agent. RESULTS: SEM revealed that the smear layer was entirely removed and the dentinal tubules were opened by the experimental gel. Type I collagen was exposed on the surfaces of the dentin slices treated by the experimental gel, which were compared with dentin treated with other root planing agents. Dentin slices treated with the experimental gel showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts and flattened cell morphology. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the experimental gel also has effective antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli LPS were effectively removed from well plates by the experimental gel. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that this experimental gel is a useful tool for root conditioning of infected root surfaces and can also be applied for detoxification of ailing implant surface threads.
Agar ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Connective Tissue ; Dentin ; Diffusion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Escherichia coli ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Root Planing ; Smear Layer ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose a technique for periodontal biotype modification through thickening of the entire facial aspect using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of gingival recession. METHODS: Four systemically healthy patients showing Miller class I or class II gingival recession in the mandibular incisor area were included in this study. Full-mouth scaling and root planing procedures were performed at least 4 weeks prior to periodontal plastic surgery. A split-thickness flap with a horizontal intrasulcular incision and 2 vertical incisions was used in cases 1–3, and the modified tunnel technique was used in case 4 for coronal advancement of the mucogingival complex. After the exposed root surfaces were debrided thoroughly, double-layered volume-stable collagen matrix was placed on the apical part of the recession and a subepithelial CTG harvested from the palatal area was placed on the coronal part. The amount of root coverage at 3 months postoperatively was evaluated in cases 1–3, and facio-lingual volumetric changes were analyzed in cases 1 and 2. RESULTS: Healing was uneventful in all 4 cases and complete root coverage was shown in cases 1–3. In case 4, reduction of gingival recession was observed at 3 months after surgery. In cases 1 and 2, a comparison of stereolithographic files from the preoperative and postoperative time points demonstrated that the entire facio-lingual volume had increased. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique suggested herein, using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial CTG, may be an effective method for periodontal biotype modification through thickening of the entire facial aspect for the treatment of gingival recession.
Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Incisor ; Methods ; Root Planing ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplantation ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine whether certain biomaterials have the potential to support cell attachment. After seeding bone marrow stromal cells onto the biomaterials, we investigated their responses to each material in vitro. METHODS: Rat bone marrow derived stromal cells were used. The biomaterials were deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), DBBM coated with fibronectin (FN), synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), HA coated with FN, HA coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and pure beta-TCP. With confocal laser scanning microscopy, actin filaments and vinculin were observed after 6, 12, and 24 hours of cell seeding. The morphological features of cells on each biomaterial were observed using scanning electron microscopy at day 1 and 7. RESULTS: The cells on HA/FN and HA spread widely and showed better defined actin cytoskeletons than those on the other biomaterials. At the initial phase, FN seemed to have a favorable effect on cell adhesion. In DBBM, very few cells adhered to the surface. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that in contrast with DBBM not supporting cell attachment, HA provided a more favorable environment with respect to cell attachment.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; Cell Adhesion ; Durapatite ; Fibronectins ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Seeds ; Stem Cells ; Stromal Cells ; Transplants ; Vinculin

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of bioresorbable membranes in guided bone regeneration of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly categorized into 4 groups: Group 1 & 2 had 10 normal rats each and group 3 & 4 included 15 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats each. Defect measuring 7mm in diameter was formed on every rat calvarium. No membrane was used in groups 1 & 3 and membranes were used in groups 2 & 4. The rates were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after defect formation. Routine histological specimens were prepared. Masson-trichrome and HE stain were done before light microscopy. Guided regenerative potential was evaluated by measuring the amount of new bone formation in the calvarial defect by histomorphometry. Following results were obtained. 1.New bone formation in the diabetic groups was significantly less that than in the normal groups regardless of membrane use(p <0.05). 2.In the comparison of new bone formation in the normal groups, membrane group showed significantly more bone formation(p <0.1). 3.When the amount of new bone formation was compared in the diabetic groups, more bone was formed in the membrane groups but the difference was not statistically significant. 4.In the normal groups the amount of new bone formation was significantly greater at 4 weeks compared to that at 2 weeks(p <0.05) but amount of bone regeneration at 4 weeks was not significantly greater than that at 2 weeks in both diabetic groups.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Membranes* ; Microscopy ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; Streptozocin*

OBJECTIVE: MMP-8 is a neutrophil enzyme and its level increases in some inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease. We knew that the lipopolysaccharide of E.coli(E-LPS) induced MMP-8 release from human neutrophils. E-LPS is known to induce the production and release of inflammatory cytokines through CD14, Toll-like receptor(TLR). In the present study, we investigated whether MMP-8 release by E-LPS is induced via CD14-TLR pathway and the cellular mechanism of MMP-8 release in human neutrophils. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and pre-incubated in medium containing antibodies against CD14, anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 or several inhibitors of microtubules and microfilaments and then incubated with E-LPS. The cells were treated TPCK and E-LPS simultaneously. The MMP-8amount in the culture medium was determined using ELISA. RESULTS: E-LPS increased MMP-8release from neutrophils and its induction was inhibited by anti- CD14 and anti-TLR4 but not by anti-TLR2 antibodies. The inhibitors of micro- tubule and microfilament polymerization significantly decreased E-LPS-induced MMP- 8release. TPCK inhibited E-LPS-induced MMP-8 release. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MMP-8 release is induced by E-LPS via the CD14-TLR4 signal pathway in human neutrophils and may be depedent on microtubule and microfilament systems and NF-kappaB pathway.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Antibodies ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Microtubules ; Neutrophils* ; NF-kappa B* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Donors ; Toll-Like Receptors* ; Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

No abstract available.
Toll-Like Receptors*