PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to assess the growth status and to evaluate the factors affecting the development of metabolic syndrome in children born with small for gestational age (SGA) at term gestation. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 73 (36 boys, 37 girls) children born with SGA at term gestation who were visited for short stature and metabolic problems at Seoul National University Children' Hospital between 1994 and 2003. We assessed several clinical parameters as follows:birth weight, height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, weight for height, bone age (BA), chronologic age (CA), predicted adult height (PAH) and midparental height (MPH). We evaluated the factors affecting height SDS according to pubertal status. We also evaluated the factors affecting development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia or obesity. RESULTS:Pubertal children had greater height SDS, weight SDS and difference between BA and CA than prepubertal children, respectively (P<0.05). Height SDS positively correlated with difference between BA and CA (r=0.43, P<0.01), but BA advancement (BA>CA) was not observed in prepubertal children. BA advancement was observed in all pubertal children except one. The children who had greater weight SDS than height SDS had significantly lower height SDS and delayed BA, respectively (P<0.05). The children who had metabolic problems had higher weight SDS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that rapid skeletal maturation may develope during transition from prepuberty to puberty and catch-up growth may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in children born with SGA, but further study will be required.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dyslipidemias ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Obesity ; Pregnancy* ; Puberty ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Humans ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Interleukin-6* ; Keratinocytes*

We report a case of Becker's nevus associated with smooth muscle hamartoma, in a 21-year-old male patient, which shows clinically match-head sized, flat topped, round to oval, grouped papules with hairs on the outer surface of the right arm, and microscopically reveals numerous bundles of smooth muscle fiber in the dermis.
Arm ; Dermis ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Nevus* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative evaluation of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the multiple levels by using functional MRI (fMRI) co-registered to diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten normal subjects without any history of neurological disorder participated in this study. fMRI was performed at 1.5 T MR scanner using hand grasp-release movement paradigm. DTT was performed by using DtiStudio on the basis of fiber assignment continuous tracking algorithm (FACT). The seed region of interest (ROI) was drawn in the area of maximum fMRI activation during the motor task of hand grasp-release movement on a 2-D fractional anisotropy (FA) color map, and the target ROI was drawn in the cortiocospinal portion of anterior lower pons. We have drawn five ROIs for the measurement of FA and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) along the corona radiata (CR) down to the medulla. RESULTS: The contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) was mainly found to be activated in all subjects. DTT showed that tracts originated from SM1 and ran to the medulla along the known pathway of the CST. In all subjects, FA values of the CST were higher at the level of the midbrain and posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) than the level of others. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that co-registered fMRI and DTT has elucidated the state of CST on 3-D and analyzed the quantitative values of FA and ADC at the multiple levels. We conclude that co-registered fMRI and DTT may be applied as a useful tool for clarifying and investigating the state of CST in the patients with brain injury.
Anisotropy ; Brain Injuries ; Diffusion ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Internal Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon ; Nervous System Diseases ; Pons ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Seeds ; Track and Field

University life can be stressful for even the most satisfied students. Especially medical school students have higher levels of stress. To manage their stress level and social connection, they are using SNS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SNS on medical students by analysis of SNS use pattern of medical students. In the analysis of the first grade of Medicine, 51 students (58.6%) posted on Facebook in the past year and posted a total of 1,452 articles (average: 28.5). We analyzed the content of the posts and found that most of them were celebrating a birthday (50%) or confirming their regards (18%). Next, there were other people's posts (10%) and travel posts (6%). Besides, there were profile photo upload (3%), school life (3%), romance (2%) or family (1%). Female students (16 times / 17 students) changed the profile pictures more frequently than male students (18 times / 34 students) (p = 0.003). There was no statistical significance in all items except for the change of profile picture according to sex. On the other hand, the analysis of the content of the share showed that most of the contents shared about humor (42%), food (15%) and music (14%). Most of the medical students used SNS primarily for social activities, not for educational purposes. Based on this analysis, there should be more research on how SNS can help medical students during medical education.
Education, Medical ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Music ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical*

Intracranial cavernous hemangioma is one of vascular malformations composed of thin walled sinusoidal spaces lined with endothelium. The authors described 7 cases of cavernous hemangioma that were verified histologically and 5 lesions that were diagnosed only with symptoms, radiological and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings. The clinical features are as follows:7 patients had seizures, 3 focal neurological signs and 2 intracaranial hematomas. Computed tomography(CT) usually demonstrated nodular or irregular hyperdense lesions without significant mass effect. MRI usually revealed central area of mixed signal intensity and peripheral rim of low signal intensity. Angiography usually showed an avascular area or normal angiographic appearance. The combination of a clinical history with CT, angiography and MRI findings would suggest cavernous hemangioma. Four epilepsy patients underwent surgical procedures, resulting in improved seizure control and/or lessened neurological deficit.
Angiography ; Endothelium ; Epilepsy ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Seizures ; Vascular Malformations

We have seen a case of oligodendroglioma arising in the left frontal lobe of 64-year-old woman. She had complained of longstanding headache with occasional seizures and episodic dysarthrias for six years before admission. On admission there were drowsy mentality and bilateral papilledema of 3 diopters without other neurological abnormality. The tumor was showed as a calcified mass of an egg size in the left frontal lobe even on the plain skull X-ray films. The tumor was totally removed by surgery and measured 4(5(4cm. On microscopic examination it was a typical oligodendroglioma. The patient was discharged in good condition on the twelfth postoperative day. Many authors reported that the incidence of oligodendrogliomas in all glioma group was relatively rare. In Korea there was no clinical report of oligodendroglioma except only two cases reported by Dr. Lee et al. in 1966. So we present this case, though it was typical and classical in pathological nature and clinical process.
Dysarthria ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Glioma ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Ovum ; Papilledema ; Seizures ; Skull ; X-Ray Film