OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence and functional impairment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome(PMS) in young women. METHODS: A total of 1063 female college students were recruited from two urban areas(Seoul and Suwon) of Korea. Questionnaires for sociodemographic data and risk factors of PMDD, attitude about menstruation, and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool(PSST) were applied. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe moderate to severe PMS and PMDD were 16.9% and 11.7%, respectively. There were differences in the alcohol and coffee consumption, severity of menstrual cramp, and family history of PMS among the moderate to severe PMS, PMDD, and no/mild PMS groups. Although some participants did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for PMDD, they showed significant functional impairment. Participants with negative attitude about menstruation reported premenstrual symptoms more frequently than those with positive or ambivalent attitude about menstruation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PMS and PMDD were prevalent and associated with functional impairment in young females. Some participants reported significant functional impairments although they did not meet the full DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PMDD. Negative attitude about menstruation was associated with more premenstrual symptoms experiences.
Coffee ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Menstruation ; Muscle Cramp ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Heart Valve Prosthesis* ; Heart Valves*

No abstract available.
Diaphragmatic Eventration* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm as a result of developmental failure of muscular fibers during the fetal period. Mediastinal shift to the contralateral side may cause significant compression of the affected chest contents resulting in compromised pulmonary function especially when bilaterally involved. The differentiation between congenital diaphragmatic eventration and diaphragmatic hemia is very difficult but eventration has a better perinatal outcome compared to diaphragmatic hernia. We report a case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration on left side with good perinatal outcome after plication in which the initial prenatal diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia was made by prenatal ultrasonography.
Diaphragm ; Diaphragmatic Eventration* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a facultatively anaerobic gram-negative coccobacillus or bacillus that grows with no dependence on X factor and variable requirement for V factor. The organism is normal flora in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract and, rarely, causes invasive infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, brain abscess, or osteomyelitis. We report a case of septic peripheral embolism in left leg from A. aphrophilus endocarditis. A 49-year-old man with known hypertension presented with acute muscle pain in the left leg. On physical examination, a regular heartbeat with a pansystolic murmur was heard. There were decreased pulses in the left popliteal and dorsalis pedis arteries and coldness of the left foot, although sensory and motor functions were intact. Angiography revealed an embolus in a branch of the left femoral artery. He underwent emergency embolectomy, and gram-negative bacilli grew in the embolus cultures. The same microorganism was isolated in two pairs of blood culturs and subsequently identified as A. aphrophilus. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed mitral regurgitation and multiple vegetations on the mitral valve. The patient was treated with a third-generation cephalosporin for 4 weeks and mitral valve replacement in view of the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and septic peripheral embolism.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Bacillus ; Bacteremia ; Brain Abscess ; Cold Temperature ; Echocardiography ; Embolectomy ; Embolism ; Embolism and Thrombosis ; Emergencies ; Endocarditis ; Femoral Artery ; Foot ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mouth ; Muscles ; Osteomyelitis ; Physical Examination ; Respiratory System

To minimize the period of brain ischemia and the potential for neurologic damage during aortic arch replacement, we used the arch-first technique. First case was a 28-year-old female with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. Exposure was obtained via a bilateral via a bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell incision) in the anterior 4th right and 3rd left intercostal space with oblique sternotomy. To prepare for arch perfusion, the side-arm graft(10mm) was anastomosed to the aortic graft, opposite the site of the planned anastomosis to the arch vessels. After completing the arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest(37min) and retrograde cerebral perfusion(12min), aortic graft was clamped on either side and the arch was perfused via side-arm graft for 36min. When distal aortic anastomosis was finished, distal clamp of aortic graft was released and arch vessels were perfused via common femoral artery, and the proximal aortic anastomosis was accomplished. The patient was discharged with no event. Second case was a 48-year-old male with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch, and aortic regurgitaiton(grade III/IV). This case was also done using the clamshell incision. Aortic valve replacement was done by valved-conduit(Vascutek 30mm), both coronary artery anastomosis using Cabrol's procedure. Last operation procedure was the same as the 1st case.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Valve ; Brain Ischemia ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; Sternotomy ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

BACKGROUND: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis has become an important perinatal problem since it was first described in 1943. Although recent advances in antenatal ultrasound have made it possible to detect and manage nonimmune hydrops fetalis in early pregnancy, the perinatal mortality is still high. OBJECTIVE: To obtain clinically useful data regarding antenatal diagnosis, management, and perinatal outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and to assist clinicians offer proper antepartum counseling and obstetric management which may be able to improve prognosis. Study design: We retrospectively reviewed 33 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis delivered in our hospital over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis was possible by ultrasonography in all cases. Accumulation of fluid in fetal serous cavity and generalized skin edema were observed in all cases. A probable etiology was found in 23 (69.7%) cases through ultrasonography, various laboratory studies including fetal karyotyping, and autopsies. These were cardiovascular (4), respiratory (6), chromosomal (4), skeletal (1), and others (8). Despite extensive diagnostic studies, no definite etiology was found in 10 (30.3%) cases. Excluding the ten fetuses delivered after induced abortion, eight infants were born alive and six died in the neonatal period. The mortality rate was 91.3% (21/23). CONCLUSION: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis represents a very poor perinatal outcome. It is suggested that to improve the prognosis, various antenatal and postnatal approaches to find associated etiologic factors should be performed, and intensive perinatal cares are needed.
Abortion, Induced ; Autopsy ; Counseling ; Edema ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Mortality ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Cognition*

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder, caused by the presence of anti-ac- etylcholine receptor antibody or acetylcholine-receptor deficiency and involved neuro- muscular endplate. The clinical course and outcome of myasthenia gravis are variable during pregnancy. The special caution and adequate management for myasthenic mother and myasthenia gravis occurred newborn of myasthenic mother are essential for good perinatal outcomes. We experienced a case of myasthenia gravis associated with pregnancy who underwent cesarean section. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Myasthenia Gravis, Neonatal ; Pregnancy*