PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, CT and MRI findings of intracranial ganglioglioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patient were between 9 and 30 years old, and were men. Four patients with pathologically proved gangliogliomas were included in this study. CT and MR images were assessed retrospectively for location, type, density, signal intensity and contrast enhancement pattern of tumors. RESULTS: All patients suffered from epileptic seizure of long history. The tumors were located in temporal lobe(3 cases) and frontal lobe(1 case). The type of tumor were solid (2 cases) and cystic(2 cases). On the CT scan, the cystic lesions were hypodense and the solid lesions were isodense to normal brain parenchyme. Calcification within lesion was noted in 3 cases. On the MR imaging, cystic lesions reveal high signal intensity on T2-weighted image(T2WI) and low signal intensity on Tl-weighted image(T1WI). One of the solid lesions showed iso-signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. Another revealed high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI. The signal intensity of the calcifications(3 case) was variable. Two cases showed signal void, one case revealed high signal intensity on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI. In three patients, the lesions enhanced after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. CONCLUSION: Ganglioglioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the children or young male with epilepy have a cystic mass with calcification or ill- defined solid mass, especially in temporal lobe on CT or MRI.
Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Brain ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epilepsy ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Ganglioglioma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, CT and MRI findings of intracranial ganglioglioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patient were between 9 and 30 years old, and were men. Four patients with pathologically proved gangliogliomas were included in this study. CT and MR images were assessed retrospectively for location, type, density, signal intensity and contrast enhancement pattern of tumors. RESULTS: All patients suffered from epileptic seizure of long history. The tumors were located in temporal lobe(3 cases) and frontal lobe(1 case). The type of tumor were solid (2 cases) and cystic(2 cases). On the CT scan, the cystic lesions were hypodense and the solid lesions were isodense to normal brain parenchyme. Calcification within lesion was noted in 3 cases. On the MR imaging, cystic lesions reveal high signal intensity on T2-weighted image(T2WI) and low signal intensity on Tl-weighted image(T1WI). One of the solid lesions showed iso-signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. Another revealed high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI. The signal intensity of the calcifications(3 case) was variable. Two cases showed signal void, one case revealed high signal intensity on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI. In three patients, the lesions enhanced after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. CONCLUSION: Ganglioglioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the children or young male with epilepy have a cystic mass with calcification or ill- defined solid mass, especially in temporal lobe on CT or MRI.
Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Brain ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epilepsy ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Ganglioglioma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to illustrate MR patterns of bone marrow of calvarium and vertebral body in normal subjects according the age distribution and to understand the course of the fatty replacement from red marrow. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We retrospectively evaluated MR examinations of the calvaria(n=71), cervical spine(n=71), thoracic spine(n=65), Imbar spine(n =68) in subjects without bone marrow abnormality whose age ranged 3 weeks to 74 years. Three distinctive patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted images of the skull. In pattern 1, uniformly low signal intensity with or without very small areas of high intensity in frontal and occipital bones is noted. In pattern 2, frontal and occipital bones have uniformly high signal intensity, and patchy area of high intensity appears in parietal bone. In pattern 3, the entire skull has uniformly high signal intensity. In the spine, four patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted MR images. In pattern 1, the vertebral body has uniformly low signal intensity except for linear areas of high intensity superior and inferior to basivertebral vein. In pattern 2, bandlike and triangular areas of high signal intensity are found in the periphery. Pattern 3 and 4 have diffusely distributed areas of high signal intensity; pattern 3 consist of numerous indistinct dots measuring a few millimeter or less, and pattern 4 consist of fairly well marginated areas ranging in size from 5 to 1.5cm. RESULT:In the calvaria, 73% of pattern 1 were younger than 20 years, pattern 2 were evenly distributed, and 86% of pattern 3 were older than 40 years. In the spine, 87% of pattern 1 were younger than 40 years, 72% of pattern 3 were in 40 to 50 years, and 87% of pattern 4 were older than 50 years. Pattern 2 were evenly distributed in the cervical and thoracic spine, but in the thoracic spine 62% were younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION:It is concluded that younger age group shows mainly pattern 1, whereas elderly group has pattern 3 or 4 in the calvarial and vertebral body marrow. This suggests that conversion to fatty marrow begin locally and progress diffusely with age.
Age Distribution* ; Aged ; Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Occipital Bone ; Parietal Bone ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull* ; Spine ; Veins

Craniopharyngioma is a benign, slow-growing tumor that constitues 3-9% of all intracranial tumors, and arises from epithelial remnants of the Rathke's pouch. We analized MR (2.0T) findings of ten cases with surgically proved craniopharyngioma retrospectively. CT was avilable in five cases, and Gd-DTPA was used in six cases. Characteristic findings of craniopharyngioma in MRI included multilocularity and variable signal intensities within each loculus that were more prominent in T1WI. Detection rate of calcification in MR was 60%. Six cases with Gd-DTPA enhancement revealed irregular or rim-like enhancement. MRI provides useful informations regarding the location, extent and biochemical characteristics of the oraniopharyngioma as well as its relationship to the neighboring structures which will be valuable in planning surgical resection.
Craniopharyngioma* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pheniramine ; Retrospective Studies

Epilepsy can be divided into idiopathic epilepsy and symptomatic epilepsy according to the existence ofunderlying organic disease. It has been said that the incidence of the symptomatic epilepsy caused by underlyingorgainic brain disease is higher in late-onset epilepsy after the age of 20 than in childhood-onset epoilepsy. CTis very sensitive and non-invasive method for detection of organic brain disease. 168 cases of late-onset epilepsyafter the age of 20 were studied by CT in recent 2 years were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The 3rddecade was the most frequent age group, and the ratio of male to female was 2.5;1. 2. Structural abnormality onbrain CT was demonstrated in 51.8% of hte patient. 3. The older the onset of age was, the higher the rate of theabnormal CT finding, except 5th decade which showed less CT abnormality than 4th decade. 4. The most frequenthistory related to epilepsy was trauma. 63.1% of the patients had no relevant history; and they showed CT findingsof brain tumor, atrophy and infarction in decreasing order of frequency. 5. Abnormal CT finding was demonstratedin 49.2% of normal neurologic examination and in 46.4% of normal EEG study. 6. The most frequent lesion ofabnormal CT scan in late-onset epilepsy was 30 cases(18.4% )of brain atrophy. The next frequent lesion was 18cases (10.7%) of brain tumor. Infarction, parasites and calcification were other frequnet lesions.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Neoplasms ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Male ; Methods ; Neurologic Examination ; Parasites ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In the diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma, oral or intravenous cholangiography is of no air in the majority ofpatients with bile duct carcinoma who are jaundiced. Recently ultrasonography and CT are widely used for evalutionof biliary disease, but direct visualizing methods of the biliary tract by ERCP and PTC gives more detailed information and exact localization of the lesion. ERCP is less invasive and dangerous and has some more advantages than PTC. We analyzed 33 cases of confirmed extrahepatic bile duct caracinoma who were performed ERCP. The resultswere as follows; 1. The 7th decade was the predilection age, and the radio of male to female was 3.:1. 2. Thelocations of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas were common bile duct in 45.5%, common hepatic duct in 27.3%,junction of cystic duct and widely extended in 12.1% respectively and junction of hepatic duct in 3.05 in order offrequency. 3. ERCP finding of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas revealed complete obstruction of bile duct in mostcases, and irregular margined protuberant type was more common than smooth margined constricted type atobstruction site. 4. ERCP finding according to the location of lesion showed that protuberant type was relativelyfrequent in common bile duct and constircted type in common hepatic duct respectively.
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Cystic Duct ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography

This rare venous congenital anomaly has been diagnosed preoperatively in a 24-year-old female with complaints of the right flank and low back pain, and urinary frequency. In the I. V. P. the dilated upper right ureter forms a reversed "J" appearance. The right R.G.P. shows the "S"-shaped course of the ureter. The vena cavogram discloses crossing with the right R. G. P. at L3-4 intervertebral space level. 2.5cm. of strictured, postcaval segment of ureter is excised and end-to-end oblique anastomosis is done over splinting ureteral catheter. 4 months after the operation, the I. V. P. shows marked improvement of hydronephrosis and satisfactory drainage of urine compared with the preoperative films.
Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Low Back Pain ; Retrocaval Ureter* ; Splints ; Ureter ; Urinary Catheters ; Young Adult

Thermography shows skin temperature changes in various conditions of body. Skin temperature changes according to the subcutaneous blood flow which is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Peripheral neuropathic pain can be influenced by the sympathetic activities which also can change the skin temperature of affected sites. To evaluate the usefulness of thermography in the detection of peripheral neuropathic pain, authors analyzed thermographic images of 47 cases with peripheral nerve injuries of upper extremities. The peripheral nerve injuries were confirmed by Electromyographic studies in all of the cases. The peripheral neuropathic pain was present in twenty three cases. The results show that 97.5% of nerve injury patients with pain and 45.8% of nerve injury patients without pain had abnormal thermograms with a mean temperature changes of delta T=0.99oC deltaT=0.13oC respectively. Authors conclude that thermography can be an usefal tool for the detection of peripheral neuropathic pain.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Humans ; Neuralgia* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Skin Temperature ; Thermography* ; Upper Extremity

To explore the ability of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis(AVN) of the femoral head, we compared appearances on MRI of 85 proven AVN lesions with those on radiographs(n=79)and radionuclide scans(n=75). Clinical symptoms(n=85) were also correlated. All MR studies included coronal and axial T1WI and coronal T2WI. All lesions involved the anterosuperior aspect of the femoral head and were surrounded by a low signal intensity rim of both T1 and T2WI. The signal intensity of the lesions was variable depending on the disease course, and lesions were divided into four classes according to the classification suggested by Mitchell. Radiogrphs were normal in 16%(13/79) of the lesions which were in MR class A(10), B(1), C(2). The radionuclide scans showed normal in 16%(12/75) of the lesions which were in MR class A(8), B(1), C(2), D(1). On the other hand. 93% of the lesions with MR class A(27/29) showed stage 1 and 2 lesions on radiographs. Clinical symptoms were absent in 25%(21/85) of the leions, and among these. 81%(17/21) were MR class A. Conclusively. MR is superior to the radiograph and radionuclide scan in the early detection of AVN, and can also show the exact location, extent and signal chasacteristics of the lesion. Therefore, MR is essential in diagnosis and management of AVN.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis*