Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anti-cancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO4 nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and character-ization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO4 nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO4 nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the syn-ergistic effect of the 3D CoWO4 nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of O.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.

OBJECTIVETo analyze interpersonal sensitivity level and influencing factors among patients in methadone maintenance treatment.

METHODSFrom 2010 June to 2011 June, the research was performed in Center of Methadone Maintenance Treatment of Nanjing Baixia District Hospital. A total of 272 methadone maintenance treatment was studied using a self-designed questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity scale in symptom check list (SCL-90), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). If interpersonal sensitivity level ≥ 2 points, it was positive. In this study, through independent sample t test, analysis of the social demographic characteristics, depression and anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity level. Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore a variety of factors, and the relationship of these factors with interpersonal sensitivity.

RESULTSThe depression score, the anxiety score and the level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity in 272 methadone maintenance treatment (1.65 ± 0.51, 47.66 ± 8.58, 42.38 ± 9.40) was higher than the national norm (1.65 ± 0.51, 41.88 ± 10.57, 29.78 ± 0.46) (t values were 8.23, 17.63 and 22.27, respectively; all P values < 0.001). In 272 methadone maintenance treatment, the percentage of men was 75.0% (204/272) and the percentage of women was 25.0% (68/272). SDS score of male and female was (48.38 ± 8.30) and (45.90 ± 9.34) points (t = 5.67, P = 0.037); Aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and ≥ 50 years old group, SDS scores were (48.26 ± 7.59), (47.73 ± 8.38), (47.79 ± 9.22) and (48.09 ± 6.33) points (F = 3.90, P = 0.046); According to the drug's time, divided into 1-3, 4-6 and ≥ 7 years group, SDS scores were (45.92 ± 7.47), (47.41 ± 7.57) and (48.07 ± 8.57) points (F = 4.49, = 0.039). SAS score of male and female was (41.21 ± 9.53) and (42.91 ± 9.42) points (t = 2.23, P = 0.043). The positive rate of interpersonal sensitivity was 47.1% (128/272). Multivariate analysis showed that, with SDS and SAS scores increased by 1, respectively, interpersonal sensitivity increased 23.23 (8.62-96.68) and 11.97 (6.42-19.27) points.

CONCLUSIONInterpersonal sensitivity level in methadone maintenance treatment was higher than normal and depression; anxiety and depression both were the risk factors of interpersonal sensitivity level.

Adult ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Methadone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; psychology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

【Objective】 To investigate whether the psychological counseling nursing could alleviate psychological stress and reduce the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving advanced autologous apheresis (AAA) treatment. 【Methods】 A total of 253 patients who underwent AAA treatment in our department from September 2019 to February 2020 were studied and randomly divided into the observation group (n=127) and the control group (n=126). Other than the routine nursing, the patients in the observation group also received psychological counseling nursing. The scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to compare the psychological stress state and the incidence of adverse events between two groups, and the nursing satisfaction was evaluated by NSNS scores. 【Results】 The SAS and SDS scores in the observation group( after receiving counseling nursing as the psychological intervention) were 30.03±5.06 and 33.59±4.49, respectively, significantly lower than those in the control group (43.55±3.68 and 42.18±4.22, respectively) (P<0.05). The incidences of adverse events (convulsions not included) in the observation group and the control group were 11.8%(15/127) vs 26.2%(33/126) (palpitation and shortness of breath), 6.3%(8/127) vs 16.7%(21/126) (sweating), 8.7%(11/127) vs 23.8%(30/126) (dizziness and numbness in mouth), and 5.5%(7/127) vs 19.8%(30/126) (nausea), respectively (P<0.05). The total nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was 98.4% (125/127), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (92.9%, 117/126) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The psychological counseling nursing can effectively relieve the psychological stress of patients receiving AAA treatment and reduce the incidence of adverse events.