AIM:Sodium aescinate can protect the vessel wall while clearing free radical in body.This study was designed to approach the protective effects of preconditioning with sodium aescinate on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the limbs induced by tourniquet.METHODS:Forty patients undergoing elective lower limb operation were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2006 to February 2007.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:20 in treated group received sodium aescinate(5 mg/100 mL) by intervenous drop infusion,while 20 cases in control group received equal dose of Sodium Chloride at 30 minutes before fastening tourniquet.Blood samples(4 mL) were obtained before fastening tourniquet and at 5,10,20 minutes after release of tourniquet to measure superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactic acid(Lac) and nitrogen monoxidum(NO).Meanwhile the blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in two groups.RESULTS:All of 40 patients were involved in the result analysis.①In the control group,diastolic blood pressure after 5 and 10 minutes of release was significantly less than that before(P

Headache is a common complaint in children and adolescents.While the majority of headaches are self-limited and benign,headaches occasionally herald a life-threatening illness such as meningitis,intracranial hemorrhage,brain tumor or hydrocephalus.The primary objective of the emergency department pediatrician is to diagnose and manage any acute life-threatening cause of headache.For the non-emergency headache,the goal is to relieve the pain and the associated symptoms.

Objective To observe curative effect of the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on anterior ischemic op?tic neuropathy(AION). Methods Patients with AION (n=78) were randomly divided into mouse NGF treatment group (treatment group):39 cases (39 eyes) and conventional treatment group (control group):37 cases (37 eyes). Patients in control group were given Actovegin 1.2 g intravenously, once a day while patients in treatment group were given 18μg mouse NGF once a day. Milton insurable were given orally at 0.5 mg, 3 times per day at both groups. Dexamethasone of 3 mg were given retrobulbarly once a day upon onset of symptoms and the extend of edema for 3 to 5 days. Rat nerve growth factor were given for consecutive14 days as a period of treatment, and the curative effect was observed after 28 days of treatment. Results In the treatment group:treatments were obviously effective in 28 eyes (71.79%), effective in 7 eyes (17.95%) and ineffective in 4 eyes (10.26%), so the total effective rate was 89.74%; In control group: treatments were obviously effective in 11 eyes (29.73%), effective in 15 eyes (40.54%) and ineffective in 11 eyes (29.73%), so the total effective rate was 70.27%. Curative effects in these 2 groups were of statistical significance (Z=3.552, P<0.05). Vision acuity and average light sensitivity in vi?sual field are better in treatment group than those control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mouse NGF is effective in the treat?ment of AION and can improve vision acuity and visual field, therefore is worth promoting.

Objective To establish the quality standards for Shufeng Zhike Extract;To improve the controll ability of the extract and ensure medicine efficacy. Methods To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous differentiation of Paeoniae Radix Alba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizomaet Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Bupleurum in Shufeng Zhike Extract. Phenomenex Kintex C18 column (4.6 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm) was used. Acetonitrile-0.05%phosphoric acid was as the mobile phase in gradient elution (0–25 min, 10%acetonitrile; 25–26 min, 10%→14% acetonitrile; 26–35 min, 14% acetonitrile; 35–36 min, 14%→34% acetonitrile;36–55 min, 34%acetonitrile) at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and column temperature was 40 ℃. The detection wavelength was 250 nm. To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Paeoniflorin and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in Shufeng Zhike Extract, Phenomenex Luna C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used; acetonitrile-0.05%phosphoric acid (12:88) was as the mobile phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min; column temperature was 40 ℃; the detection wavelength was 250 nm. Results The chromatographic peak separation with HPLC method for simultaneous differentiate of Paeoniae Radix Alba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Bupleurumin in Shufeng Zhike Extract was clear and negative control had no interference. The linear range of Paeoniflorin was 0.035 93–2.514 8 μg (r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 100.54%(n=6). The linear range of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 0.006 7–0.67 μg (r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 100.39%(n=6). Conclusion The established quality standards are simple, reliable, and accurate. It can rapidly identificate Paeoniae Radix Alba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizomaet Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Bupleurum, and suitable for rapid determination of Paeoniflorin and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, which can provide the basis for the quality inspection of Shufeng Zhike Extract.

The celiac ganglia from 9 mature guinea pigs of both sexes were fixed in a mixture of 2％ glutaraldehyde and 2.5％ depolymerized paraformaldehyde. The SIF cells in cryostat sections were discerned out through their eatecholamine fluorescence induced by the fixative. These cells were processed through routine procedures for electron microscopy after or without incubation for acid phosphatase (AcP). The ultrastructure and AcP activity of these cells were observed under an H-600 electron microscope.The SIF cells were found to be present in clusters adjecent to fenestrated capillaries. The exocytosis of vesicular granules of SIF cells were seen on the surface of their cell membrane facing the capillaries. In addition, some dark SIF cells which were more osmiophilic and rich in mitochondria were discovered in this ganglion. These ultrastructural features of the SIF cells indicate that they may perform functions of an endocrine and/or paracrine nature.After one. hour incubation in a Gomori-typed medium at 37℃, some granules. besides the typical lysosomes display the AcP activity. Although the nature of the AcP-positive granules hasn't been elucidated a speculation is laid on that the presence of the enzyme on these granules may play a role of regulation in replacing the intragranular contents.

Monoamine oxidase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities were demonstrated ultracytochemically in the celiac ganglion and adrenal medulla of the guinea pig by Shannon's and Novikoff's method respectively. Monoamine oxidase activity was found frequently on the nuclear evelope, and ocassionally in mitochondrial outer compartment and cell membrane of the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells of the ganglion. Similar Iocalizations were also observed in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In pricipal neurons of the ganglion, a large amount of products of the monoamine oxidase reaction were found on the endoplasmic reticulium in addition to the nuclear envelope and mitochondrial membranes. Abundant thiaminepyrophosphatase activity was seen at the tran-face of the Golgi complex in the pricipal neurons, in contrast to which, both SIF cells and chromaffin cells exhibited little thiamine pyrophosphatase activity. The results suggested that catecholamine metabolism and the mode of functional activity in the SIF cells were different from those in the pricipal neurons but similar to those in the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla.

Serial cryostat sections of the celiac ganglion were prepared from 30 guinea pigs.The process of De Da Torre's glyoxylic acid method and different histochmical rea-ctions were performed consecutively on the same section.Under the conditions employ-ed in this experiment,it was shown that the SIF cells,in contrast to the principalneurons,exhibited a more intense reation of adenosine triphosphatase,and a lessintense reaction of monoamine oxidase,lactic dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase,and a negative reaction of alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase.The acidphosphatase reaction of most of SIF cells was weak as demonstrated with both theGomori's lead method and the simultaneously coupling method.The SIF cells showedless lipids,nucleic acids and about the same content in tyrosin as compared with theprincipal neurons.These histochemical properties of SIF cells,as well as their morphological charac-teristics of grouping in clusters and surrounding blood vessels,implicated that theyfunction in a different way from that of principal neurons,and probably as endocrineand/or paracrine cells in modulating nervous transmission in the celiac ganglion.

Stereological methods were applied in the qantitative ultrastructural analysis of the chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla of normal adult guinea pigs.The main result includes:(1)The average volume(V)of each cell(714?m~3)and its nucleus (167?m~3);(2)volume density(Vv)of mitochondria(0.082?m~3/?m~3),lysosomes (0.0045?m~3/?m~3),rough-endoplasmic reticulium(0.013?m~3/?m~3),smooth-endopas- mic reticulium including Golgi apparatus(0.024?m~3/?m~3)and granule vesicles (0.23?m~3/?m~3);(3)surface density(Sv)of cell membrane(0.87/?m~2/?m~3)and mitochondrial outer membrane(0.90?m~2/?m~3);(4)numerical density(Nv)of mitochondria(0.89/?m~3),lysosomes(0.11/?m~3)and granule vesicles(59.98/?m~3); (5)the mean diameter of granule vesicles(144 nm),In addition,several small- granule chromaffin cells were quantified separately from the general chromaffin cells.They contain granule vesicles with an average diameter of 97 nm and show a significant difference in surface density of cell membrane(1.54?m~2/?m~3)from that relevant value of general chromaffin cells(P

Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB) on the tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury to the limb. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 17-64 yr weighing 46-72 kg undergoing lower limb operation under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each) : group A control and group B EGB. CSEA was performed at L2,3 or L3,4 interspace. The height of sensory block was kept below T10. Group B received EGB 0.3 mg/kg in 100 ml normal saline (NS) injected over 20 min via an intravenous line in the forearm as soon as the tourniquet was inflated while control group received plain NS 100 ml without EGB. Venous blood samples were obtained before tourniquet was inflated (To baseline) and at 5, 10, 20 min after tourniquet was released (T_1 , T_2, T_3) for measurement of blood lactate and MDA concentrations and SOD activity. BP (SP, DP) and HR were continuously monitored and recorded at the above time points. Results In control group DP and SOD activity were significantly decreased while blood lactate and MDA concentrations were significantly increased after tourniquet release as compared with the baseline values before tourniquet was inflated. In EGB group there was no significant change in DP, blood lactate and MDA concentrations and SOD activity after tourniquet was released as compared with the baseline. Conclusion Pretreatment with EGB can protect against tourniquet-induced I/R injury to the limb.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy between needling peri-ocular points plus abducens oculi and needling peri-ocular points alone in treating abducens paralysis, for evaluating the effectiveness and advantage of needling peri-ocular points plus abducens oculi.MethodFollowing the random number table, 86 patients with postnatal unilateral abducens oculi were divided into two groups: 43 cases in the control group were intervened by conventional acupuncture at peri-ocular points including bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5), Cuanzhu (BL2), Fengchi (GB20), Hegu (LI4) and Waiguan (TE5), plus Baihui (GV20), Sizhukong (TE23) and Tongziliao (GB1) on the affected side; 43 cases in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture at peri-ocular points and abducens oculi, i.e. to puncture the abducens oculi (1~3 mm behind the attached point of the extrarectus to eyeball) in addition to the treatment given to the control group. After 3 treatment courses, the total effective rate, average recovery time and improvement of strabismus angle were observed.ResultThe total effective rate was 93.0% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 81.4%in the control group (P<0.05); of the 28 cured patients in the treatment group, the average recovery time was (34.51±7.91)d, versus (41.88±7.87)d in the 22cured patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in comparing the improvement of strabismus angle between the two groups (P<0.01); after treatment, the strabismus angle was (11.23±6.32)° in the treatment group versus (14.14±6.85)° in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionNeedling peri-ocular points and abducens oculi can improve the strabismus angle, shorten treatment duration and reduce patient’s sufferings in treating postnatal abducens paralysis, significantly superior to conventional acupuncture at peri-ocular points.