AIM:Sodium aescinate can protect the vessel wall while clearing free radical in body.This study was designed to approach the protective effects of preconditioning with sodium aescinate on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the limbs induced by tourniquet.METHODS:Forty patients undergoing elective lower limb operation were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2006 to February 2007.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:20 in treated group received sodium aescinate(5 mg/100 mL) by intervenous drop infusion,while 20 cases in control group received equal dose of Sodium Chloride at 30 minutes before fastening tourniquet.Blood samples(4 mL) were obtained before fastening tourniquet and at 5,10,20 minutes after release of tourniquet to measure superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactic acid(Lac) and nitrogen monoxidum(NO).Meanwhile the blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in two groups.RESULTS:All of 40 patients were involved in the result analysis.①In the control group,diastolic blood pressure after 5 and 10 minutes of release was significantly less than that before(P

Headache is a common complaint in children and adolescents.While the majority of headaches are self-limited and benign,headaches occasionally herald a life-threatening illness such as meningitis,intracranial hemorrhage,brain tumor or hydrocephalus.The primary objective of the emergency department pediatrician is to diagnose and manage any acute life-threatening cause of headache.For the non-emergency headache,the goal is to relieve the pain and the associated symptoms.

Serial cryostat sections of the celiac ganglion were prepared from 30 guinea pigs.The process of De Da Torre's glyoxylic acid method and different histochmical rea-ctions were performed consecutively on the same section.Under the conditions employ-ed in this experiment,it was shown that the SIF cells,in contrast to the principalneurons,exhibited a more intense reation of adenosine triphosphatase,and a lessintense reaction of monoamine oxidase,lactic dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase,and a negative reaction of alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase.The acidphosphatase reaction of most of SIF cells was weak as demonstrated with both theGomori's lead method and the simultaneously coupling method.The SIF cells showedless lipids,nucleic acids and about the same content in tyrosin as compared with theprincipal neurons.These histochemical properties of SIF cells,as well as their morphological charac-teristics of grouping in clusters and surrounding blood vessels,implicated that theyfunction in a different way from that of principal neurons,and probably as endocrineand/or paracrine cells in modulating nervous transmission in the celiac ganglion.

Stereological methods were applied in the qantitative ultrastructural analysis of the chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla of normal adult guinea pigs.The main result includes:(1)The average volume(V)of each cell(714?m~3)and its nucleus (167?m~3);(2)volume density(Vv)of mitochondria(0.082?m~3/?m~3),lysosomes (0.0045?m~3/?m~3),rough-endoplasmic reticulium(0.013?m~3/?m~3),smooth-endopas- mic reticulium including Golgi apparatus(0.024?m~3/?m~3)and granule vesicles (0.23?m~3/?m~3);(3)surface density(Sv)of cell membrane(0.87/?m~2/?m~3)and mitochondrial outer membrane(0.90?m~2/?m~3);(4)numerical density(Nv)of mitochondria(0.89/?m~3),lysosomes(0.11/?m~3)and granule vesicles(59.98/?m~3); (5)the mean diameter of granule vesicles(144 nm),In addition,several small- granule chromaffin cells were quantified separately from the general chromaffin cells.They contain granule vesicles with an average diameter of 97 nm and show a significant difference in surface density of cell membrane(1.54?m~2/?m~3)from that relevant value of general chromaffin cells(P

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy between needling peri-ocular points plus abducens oculi and needling peri-ocular points alone in treating abducens paralysis, for evaluating the effectiveness and advantage of needling peri-ocular points plus abducens oculi.MethodFollowing the random number table, 86 patients with postnatal unilateral abducens oculi were divided into two groups: 43 cases in the control group were intervened by conventional acupuncture at peri-ocular points including bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5), Cuanzhu (BL2), Fengchi (GB20), Hegu (LI4) and Waiguan (TE5), plus Baihui (GV20), Sizhukong (TE23) and Tongziliao (GB1) on the affected side; 43 cases in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture at peri-ocular points and abducens oculi, i.e. to puncture the abducens oculi (1~3 mm behind the attached point of the extrarectus to eyeball) in addition to the treatment given to the control group. After 3 treatment courses, the total effective rate, average recovery time and improvement of strabismus angle were observed.ResultThe total effective rate was 93.0% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 81.4%in the control group (P<0.05); of the 28 cured patients in the treatment group, the average recovery time was (34.51±7.91)d, versus (41.88±7.87)d in the 22cured patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in comparing the improvement of strabismus angle between the two groups (P<0.01); after treatment, the strabismus angle was (11.23±6.32)° in the treatment group versus (14.14±6.85)° in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionNeedling peri-ocular points and abducens oculi can improve the strabismus angle, shorten treatment duration and reduce patient’s sufferings in treating postnatal abducens paralysis, significantly superior to conventional acupuncture at peri-ocular points.

A summary and analysis of acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, injection of acupoint, and research progress from ancient and modern related literatures on the treatment of hyper-lipemia by acupuncturingFenglong acupointwas made. It was cognized and affirmed thatFenglong acupoint has the unique superiority of definite curative effect and little poisonous side effect in treating hyperlipemia.

Objective To observe the changes of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress related protein GRP78 and CHOP in CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and to explore their effects on hepatic fibrosis.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group (hypodermic injection of 40% CCl4).Pathological changes of liver tissue was observed by HE staining.The techniques of real-time PCR was applied to detect mRNA of GRP78 and CHOP in liver.Detected expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1, GRP78 and CHOP protein by western blot.Meanwhile, the cell apoptosis in liver was detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with the normal control group, GRP78 and CHOP mRNA and protein in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was increased(P<0.05), while expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1 in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was lower than that in normal control group(P<0.05).Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis of hepatocytes in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was elevated (P<0.05).Conclusions PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress may play important roles in the induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: At present, the meniscus injury is very common, and can lead to serious injury of the knee joint.Meniscus biomechanics has been reported, but no studies have concerned the biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus in knee buckling during gait under different loading conditions.OBJECTIVE: To simulate and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint meniscus under different loading conditions using finite element method.METHODS: Based on the knee magnetic resonance imaging data of normal adult volunteers, three-dimensional finite element model of knee joint was reconstructed. The stress, distribution and changes in the meniscus under different flexion angles were analyzed at 300 N, 400 N and 500 N.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the respectively loading conditions of 500 N, 400 N and 300 N, the maximum stress point all from the place of posterior horn of medial meniscus anterior surface of tibia moved to the posterior margin of the anterior tibial attachment of the lateral meniscus, and the maximum displacement all from the place of midpoint of the inner edge of the medial meniscus moved to front outer edge of the lateral meniscus during normal dynamic buckling process of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°, and the range of stress and displacement of lateral meniscus was greater than that of medial meniscus; simultaneously, the distribution range of stress and displacement was proportional to the size of the loading and the angle of the buckling. (2) The three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint meniscus can be used to effectively dynamically simulate the distribution of force and displacement under different loading conditions, and can provide evidence for speculation of the mechanism of the injury of the meniscus in clinic.

Sphingolipids are essential components of cellular membrane , regulating important physiologic function of cells .Al-terations of sphingolipid metabolism are closely related to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases .Ceramide biogenesis , the center of sphingolipid metabolism , includes de novo ceramide synthesis , ceramide formation via breakdown of complicated sphingolipids and so on . Recent studies found that aberrant sphingolipid metabolism is strongly linked to insulin resistance associated with obesity .The review fo-cuses on recent advances about aberrant sphingolipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with obesity .

Objective To observe curative effect of the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on anterior ischemic op?tic neuropathy(AION). Methods Patients with AION (n=78) were randomly divided into mouse NGF treatment group (treatment group):39 cases (39 eyes) and conventional treatment group (control group):37 cases (37 eyes). Patients in control group were given Actovegin 1.2 g intravenously, once a day while patients in treatment group were given 18μg mouse NGF once a day. Milton insurable were given orally at 0.5 mg, 3 times per day at both groups. Dexamethasone of 3 mg were given retrobulbarly once a day upon onset of symptoms and the extend of edema for 3 to 5 days. Rat nerve growth factor were given for consecutive14 days as a period of treatment, and the curative effect was observed after 28 days of treatment. Results In the treatment group:treatments were obviously effective in 28 eyes (71.79%), effective in 7 eyes (17.95%) and ineffective in 4 eyes (10.26%), so the total effective rate was 89.74%; In control group: treatments were obviously effective in 11 eyes (29.73%), effective in 15 eyes (40.54%) and ineffective in 11 eyes (29.73%), so the total effective rate was 70.27%. Curative effects in these 2 groups were of statistical significance (Z=3.552, P<0.05). Vision acuity and average light sensitivity in vi?sual field are better in treatment group than those control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mouse NGF is effective in the treat?ment of AION and can improve vision acuity and visual field, therefore is worth promoting.