AIM: The differentiation theory on kidney turbidity is used to recognize the relevant characters of Alzheimer disease. METHODS: The analysis is carried on the interrelationship between kidney turbidity and Alzheimer disease in the aspects of pathology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: It was discovered in modern neural pathological examination that in the patients with Alzheimer disease, the cerebral cortex was atrophic, the convolution becomes flat, the cerebral groove was widened, the ventricle was extended, brain weight was declined and cortical nerve cells were de creased in various degrees. All of those changes were the manifestations of kidney essence deficiency in Chinese medicine. The main mechanism on neuron loss caused by Alzheimer disease was that oxygenic free radical works on nerve neurons and induces the increased Ca2+ inner-flow. Con cerning to the theory of Chinese medicine, oxygenic free radical was taken as "kidney turbidity". In the patients with Alzheimer disease, insufficient kid ney essence resulted in malnourishment of heart. In addition, upward dis turbance of kidney turbidity and abnormality of heart mind projected the brain and affected brain function, resulting in recent memory disturbance that was the initial symptom of Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSION: Concerning to the treatment of Alzheimer disease, Chinese medicine emphasizes not only on reinforcing kidney and filling-up essence, but also rather on eliminating kidney turbidity, for which, the method of re solving turbidity and damp is applied specially.

Eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating the process of protein degradation and organelle turnover.Autophagy is a ubiquitin-like degradation process,and plays an essential role in cellular development,differentiation,and elimination of damaged organelles and protein.Previous studies mostly focused autophagy on tumor and neurodegenerative diseases,whereas studies about autophagy and energy remain not clear.Since 2009,an increasing number of studies have showed light on the importance of autophagy in regulating lipid metabolism.The review focuses on the relationship between autophagy and differentiation of adipocytes,lipogenesis,and lipolysis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is known for its high malignancy and poor prognosis.Furthermore,PC patients have little chance to receive an operation,and chemotherapy is not always an ideal alternative.More effective treatment is necessary because over the last two decades,the morbidity and the mortality of PC has risen continuously.Some new PC treatments involve HER2,a transmembrane protein that has oncological significance.The amplification of its gene or over expression of itself can cause malignant proliferation,suppression of apoptosis,and angiogenesis in PC.Its potential can be seen with HER2 targeted medicines including the clinically used Trastuzumab,but also with bispecific antibody,tyrosine kinase inhibitors,and more.This article will review the application of these new developments.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic myomectomy in patients with large-diameter hyste-romyoma .Methods A retrospective analysis of data from 37 patients in which the uterus were larger than 14-week gestational size and the diameter of myoma was ≥7 cm treated by laparoscopic myomectomy from January 2007 to December 2011 in our hospital was conducted .The outcome of the operation were compared with that in 53 large-diameter hysteromyoma cases by abdominal sur-gery .Results 37 patients were carried out laparoscopic surgery in which 28 cases were treated successfully by total laparoscopy , and small abdominal incision was made in 6 cases .3 of the cases converted to open surgery .The ureteral abdominal fistula was ob-served in 1 case ,which was cured by a reoperation of abdominal ureteral anastomosis .All patients were successfully cured and re-tained the uterus .The cases converted to open had no significant correlation with the patient′s age ,the fibroids size ,fibroids num-ber ,operative time and blood loss volume(P>0 .05) .Compared with the laparotomy group ,the operative time ,blood loss and post-operative morbidity were similar between groups (P>0 .05) .Postoperative recovery times after laparoscopic group were less than the control group(P<0 .05) .In the follow-up of 51 months(18 to 78) ,the laparoscopic myomectomy is equally effective with the laparotomy group in the number of cases of the postoperative normal menstruation and the postoperative spontaneous pregnancy . There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Laparoscopic myomectomy in pa-tients with large-diameter hysteromyoma is safe and feasible while excellent surgical skills were required for a successful surgery .

Objective To establish a method of testing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by enzymatic cycling. Methods The detection system was developed on the principle of enzymatic cycling method and characteristic of LPA. The methodology was evaluated and the content of LPA was tested in 20 samples of plasma with ovarian carcinoma. Results The linearity was 18.6?mol/L and the detection limit was 0.03?mol/L. The within-run and between-run coefficient of variations were 5.3% and 7.4%, respectively. The recovery was 100.7% and there was a significant correlation with the liquid chromatography method(Y=0.953X+0.51). The reagent system was stable and different concentrations of bilirubin, hemoglobin, triglyceride, glucose, urea and ascorbate did not affect the measurement for the assay. The content of LPA in 20 samples of plasma with ovarian carcinoma was significantly higher than that in control group (P

The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation that likely exists among increased portal pressure (Pp), portal blood flow quantity (Qp) and ETA and ETB receptor mRNA expression in human cirrhosis. In situ hybridization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to determined the expression of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA in liver tissues from traumatic subjects (n = 10) and cirrhotic patients (n = 15) in whom hepatic hemodynamic values were measured. The expression of the two transcripts was significantly higher in liver samples of cirrhotic patients than in those obtained from traumatic subjects. It has shown that ETA receptor mRNA predominantly located in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells of intrahepatic arteries and portal veins, ETB receptor mRNA in HSCs, sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kuppfer cells. There was a highly significant direct relationship between ETA and ETB receptor mRNA and Pp and Qp in cirrhotic patients. It suggests that liver paracrine endothelin system may be overactivated in human cirrhosis accompanied with increased expression of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA which may play an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of splanchnic hyperdynamics.
Gene Expression ; Hemodynamic Processes ; Hypertension, Portal/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis/*metabolism ; Portal Vein/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Endothelin/genetics ; Receptors, Endothelin/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Splanchnic Circulation/physiology

Objective There are many interferences such as power interference, electrode polarization interference, myoelectricity interference, baseline drift, apparatus buzz and so on in electrocardiosignal acquisition system. It is very difficult to effectively remove these interferences in the process of actual measurement. Methods Power harmonic interference, electrode polarization interference and myoelectricity interference were removed by low-pass filter. Baseline drift was removed by high-pass filter. Power basic frequency interference was removed by 50 Hz trap filter. Results These three design proposals had such advantages as good effect, rapid speed and easy realization. Conclusion They can be well applied in ECG monitor with embedded CPU and real time character. Besides, they can also be used in medical apparatus measuring other biological electric signals and industrial observation and control system.

Chronic inflammation is proved to play an important role in promoting carcinogenesis.Many factors in inflammatory microenvironment,such as inflammatory immune cells,pro-inflammatory cytokines,inflammatory mediators,and aberrantly activated transcription factors of pro-inflammatory pathway (NF-κB,STAT3),have been found to provide a microenvironment for lung neoplastic processes,and promote the lung carcinogenesis.On the other hand,many anti-inflammatory agents have been shown having inhibitory effects on lung tumorigenicity.With further understanding of the molecular links between inflammation and lung tumorigenesis,anti-inflammation would provide alternative strategies for prevention and therapy of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the general patterns and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADR) induced by interferon and to provide guidance for its rational use in the clinic.METHODS:A total of 64 ADR cases induced by interferon reported in the domestic medical journals during the period 2000～2006 were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The ADR induced by interferon was more often seen in patients aged 30～39 years old(35.94%),with male showing higher proportion than female(68.75% vs. 31.25%).ADR more often occurred after multiple dosing and were characteriz-ed predominantly by allergic reactions of immune system in which multiple organs or systems may be involved.CONCLUSION:Interferon should be used rationally based on indications of medication and be closely monitored to prevent and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation technology of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. METHODS: The formulation technology of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound was optimized by performing orthogonal experiment with the amount of ?-cyclodextrin,the solid-liquid ratio (ratio of ?-cyclodextrin to paeonol alcohol solution),the concentration of the envelop liquid (alcohol) as factors and the ultrasonic time was studied by single factor test and with the utilization ratio and entrapment efficiency of paeonol as indexes for evaluation. Meanwhile,a verification test was performed. RESULTS: The optimal formulation technology was as follows: the amount of ?-cyclodextrin was 8 g;the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶3;the concentration of the alcohol was 40% and the ultrasounding time was 40 min. The verification test revealed that the labeled contents were about 90% for all samples (4 batches). CONCLUSION: The optimized formulation technology is simple and reasonable,and it is applicable for the preparation of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound.