Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of vaccination in immunocompromised children and to provide a reference for vaccination strategy in these children.Methods Wenjuanxing questionnaire investigation was carried out in the parents of immunocompromised children who visited the Department of Hematology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center and the Department of Liver Transplant,Renji Hospital from December 2018 to January 2020,of which the content included the basic information of immunocompromised children as well as vaccination status and intention.Results The ages of the immunocompromised children were(6.29±4.09) years.A total of 296(48.9%) children were vaccinated after illness,while 309(51.1%) were unvaccinated.The mainly influencing factors of vaccination in immunocompromised children included low family income(χ~2=20.381,P <0.001),type of disease(solid tumor)(χ~2=29.486,P <0.001),low willingness to vaccination after treatment(χ~2=21.462,P <0.001),reduced going out of children(χ~2=9.035,P=0.003),stable condition of children and low enthusiasm of the parents to vaccination(χ~2=26.394,P <0.001).Conclusion Vaccination coverage is relatively low in immunocompromised children,of which the mainly influencing factors included low family income as well as low willingness and low enthusiasm to vaccination after treatment.Publicity and education on vaccination-related knowledge should be strengthened to improve the vaccination awareness of the parents.

Objective To monitor the antibody levels against measles, mumps and rubella in healthy population in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide evidence for the improvement of immunization strategy.Methods A total of 1 305 healthy people from 16 communities in Pudong New Area, Shanghai were randomly sampled and divided into12 age groups(0 ～ < 8 months old to ≥ 50 years old). The levels of IgG antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in venous blood serum were detected by ELISAResults One sample was discarded because no results were detected. In 1 304serum samples, the positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibodies were 63. 65%, 48. 39% and 58. 21%, and the geometric mean concentrations(GMCs) of the antibodies were 229. 74 mIU/mL, 11. 63 IU/mL and 76. 43 U/mL, respectively.The positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibodies(χ~2= 0. 01-4. 874, each P > 0. 05) and GMCs(t = 0. 020-2. 583,P > 0. 05) in the serum of healthy people of different genders and household registrations showed no statistically significant difference, while the positive rates of IgG antibodies(χ~2= 16. 865-667. 297, each P < 0. 01) and GMCs(t = 5. 862-117. 019,each P < 0. 001) in the serum of healthy people with different age, year and vaccination history exhibited statistically significant differences.Conclusion The antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps among healthy population in Pudong New Area of Shanghai are related to the year, age and immunization history, and there is still a certain risk of infection. It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of immune status of healthy population and vaccination of women at childbearing age related to measles, mumps and rubella, which will help reduce the risk of measles, rubella and mumps in healthy population under vaccination age.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus rehabilitation on the development quotient in patients with mental retardation (MR) and its therapeutic efficacy by using the Neural and Mental Development Check List for Children Aged 0-6. Method Sixty MR patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus rehabilitation training, while the control group was by rehabilitation alone. The improvement of development quotient and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated after 3 treatment courses. Result The improvement of development quotient in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group; the total effective rate was 83.3% in the treatment group versus 73.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus rehabilitation training can produce a more significant efficacy than rehabilitation alone in treating MR.

Objective To compare the isometric muscle strength of muscle groups in the lower extremities of children with spastic hemiplegia among sides or ages. Methods17 spastic hemiplegic children were measured the muscle strength of hip, knee and ankle muscle groups with hand-held dynamometry (HHD). ResultsMuscle strength was weaker in the involved side than in the other side. In younger children, it was weaker of overall extremity, while in the older it was of the distal end mainly. ConclusionWhen applying strength training to spastic hemiplegic children, it is important to notice strength of all groups in lower extremity in younger children and the distal groups in older ones.

Objective: To investigate the compliance of functional exercises and identify its influencing factors among young and middle-aged stroke patients, so as to provide insights into rehabilitation management among young and middle-aged stroke patients. Methods: Stroke patients at ages of 18 to 59 years were recruited from those receiving rehabilitation treatment in Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022. Participants' demographics and clinical data were collected through questionnaire surveys. The compliance of functional exercises was assessed using Stroke Functional Exercise Adherence Questionnaire, and patients' social support, exercise self-efficacy and depression were assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. The factors affecting functional exercise compliance were identified among young and middle-aged stroke patients with a multivariable linear regression model. Results: A total of 230 questionnaires were allocated and 213 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 92.61%. The respondents included 129 men (60.56%) and 84 women (39.44%) and had a mean age of (53.49±7.95) years. The total score of functional exercise compliance was (41.37±9.11) points among the participants. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified education level (β'=0.376), monthly household income per capita (β'=0.309), history of stroke onset (β'=-0.238), rehabilitation instruction (β'=0.284), depression (β'=-0.261), exercise self-efficacy (β'=0.152), and social support level (β': 0.277 to 0.415) as factors affecting the functional exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients. Conclusion Education level, income, history of stroke onset, depression, exercise self-efficacy and social support may affect the compliance of exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation between the threshold of tone burst auditory brain stem response (Tb-ABR) and ASSR (auditory steady-state response) and the threshold of BA (behavioral audiometry). To investigate the accuracy and clinical value of Tb-ABR and ASSR in pediatric hearing assessment. METHOD: From January, 2014 to December, 2014, 76 children (123 ears) recieved hearing examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. They were classified into three groups according to the hearing level: 23 children (46 ears) with normal hearing ability in group A, 27 children (32 ears) with slightly-moderate sensorineural deafness in group B and 26 children (45 ears) with severe-profound sensorineural deafness in group C. Tb-ABR, ASSR, BA in 4 frequencies (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kHz) were tested and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULT: (1) At the 4 frequencies (0.5-4.0 kHz), we obtained 132 thresholds of Tb-ABR, 144 of ASSR, 152of BA. And 166 thresholds were obtained in Tb-ABR+ASSR+BA in total . (2) The thresholds of Tb-ABR, ASSR and those of BA in all 3 groups had linear relations at 0.5-4.0 kHz. The correlation coefficients of group A were 0.76, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.91; 0.52, 0.57, 0.67 and 0.64. Those of Group B were 0.89, 0.95, 0.98 and 0.95; 0.74, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.90. Those of Group C were 0.91, 0.90, 0.92 and 0.89; 0.93, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.91. CONCLUSION (1) Both ASSR and Tb-ABR can allow reasonably accurate predictions for the pediatric hearing assessment. The correlation between Tb-ABR threshold and BA threshold is higher in normal hearing children and slightly-moderate sensorineural deafness children. The correlation between ASSR threshold and BA threshold is higher in severe-profound sensorineural deafness children. (2) The hearing test combination can evaluate the residual hearing ability for children with severe hearing loss.
Audiometry ; Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans

Objective To analyze the related influencing factors of progressive ischemic stroke, and to investigate the value of serum markers for prediction of progressive ischemic stroke. Methods Three hundred and six patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) group (n=91) and non-progressive ischemic stroke (NPIS) group (n=215). Data of gender, age, past medical history, personal history and serum markers were collected and compared in two groups. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PIS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose were analyzed in two groups. Results Positive rates of hypertension history, diabetes history, hypercholesterolemia history, incidence of large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke were significantly higher in PIS group than those in NPIS group ( P<0.05). The levels of neutrophils, NLR, fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose were significantly higher, but the level of lymphocytes was significantly lower in patients with PIS than those in patients with NPIS (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that diabetes, LAA stroke, NLR, fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose were independent risk factors for the PIS ( P<0.05). The areas under ROC curve by NLR, fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose were 0.777, 0.560 and 0.574, respectively. The sensitivities of NLR, fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose were 72.5%, 59.8%and 47.3%, respectively;and the specificities were 76.7%, 51.2% and 69.8%, respectively. Conclusion The occurrence of PIS is related with blood pressure, blood lipids, inflammatory cells in peripheral bolld, fibrinogen and fasting blood glucose. The level of NLR in peripheral blood can predict the occurrence of PIS, which can be used as an important reference index for early diagnosis of PIS.

The article reviewed the concept,characteristics,basic steps and main form of PBL as well as the wide application and superiorities in nursing courses teaching.It also analysed the deficiencies of teaching courses,raised the proposal or advice on how to improve from 3 following aspects and explore the possibilities of application in nursing filed.

Objective To observe the effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and propofolsevoflurane combined anesthesia on glucose concentrations.Methods Thirty patients undergoinggeneral anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups with 15 cases each.The patients in group Awere anesthetized with sevoflurane inhalation and those in group B with sevoflurane combined withprovofol.Blood concentration of glucose was measured before operation and at 2 h during surgery.Results The blood glucose concentrations in groups of A and B were significantly increased at 2 h during surgery than those before[(6.23±1.45)mmol/L vs.(4.86±0.85)mmol/L and(6.66±blood glucose between the two groups.Conclusion Both sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and combined propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia can not inhibit the increase of blood glucose duringoperation.

Brain diseases and brain activities are always accompanied by the conductivity changes of the head tissues.Electrical impedance imaging (EIT) is used in diagnosing brain diseases and monitoring brain functional activities.The basic concept of non-invasive electrical impedance imaging on human head and its aplication potential are introduced in this paper.Several EIT techniques based on magnetic field measurement are introduced.The existing problems and foreground of the related research are also discussed.