Objective: To study the effect of two types of Tongluo recipe (ultrafine type and fine type) on the level of oxidative stress in kidneys of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. One week after streptozotocin injection rats with blood glucose higher than 16.7 mmol/L were taken as diabetics. The study included the following 4 groups: normal control(NC), diabetes mellitus control(DMC), diabetics treated with ultrafine Tongluo recipe (DM+UT, 1 g · kg-1 · d-1), and diabetics treated with fine Tongluo recipe (DM+FT, 1 g · kg-1 · d-1). Four weeks after treatment, 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP) and kidney weight/ body weight (KW/BW) were detected as renal function indices; malondialdehyde(MDA) and antioxidant enzymes was examined with colorimetry; and NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p22phox mRNA were studied with real-time PCR. Results: Compared with the NC group, DMC group had significantly higher MDA, 24 h UP, KW/BW, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and had significantly lower activity of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD). No significant difference was found in catalase(CAT) activity between the NC group and DMC group. Compared with the 2 Tongluo Recipe groups, the DMC group had significantly lower 24 h UP, KW/BW and MDA, and significantly higher activities of TSOD and GSH-Px, and no significant difference was found in their CAT activities. The effect of ultrafine type on 24 h UP, KW/BW, MDA, TSOD and GSH-Px was significantly greater than the fine type did. The expression of p47phox mRNA of NADPH oxidase in renal cortex group was significantly lower than that in the DMC group, and the latter was significantly higher than the 2 Tongluo of the NC recipe groups, and there was no significant difference between the 2 Tongluo recipe groups. There was no significant difference in p22phox mRNA expression between all the 4 groups. Conclusion: Tongluo recipe may improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes (including TSOD and GSH-Px), decrease p47phox expression, and therefore inhibit the oxidative stress in renal cortex of diabetic rats, reducing the early kidney injury.

Objective: To study the effect of metallothionein (MT), a potent antioxidant, on the oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase in kidneys of diabetic rats. Methods: Male SD rats were assigned to the following 3 groups: normal control (NC, n=8), diabetes mellitus control (DM, n = 7), diabetes mellitus models treated with MT by lavage (10 g * kg-1 * d-1, DM+MT, n=8). Diabetes in DM group and DM+MT group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotacin (60 mg/ kg). At 4 weeks after initiating treatment, 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP) and kidney weight/ body weight (KW/BW) were determined in the 3 groups to assess the renal function of rats; malondialdehyde (MDA) was examined with visible spectrophotometry; NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p22phox, protein kinase C (PKC)-β, and Angiotensinogen (Ang) were examined by real-time PCR. Results: MDA, 24 h UP and KW/BW in DM group were significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05); expression of PKC-β, Ang, and NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox mRNA were increased markedly in DM group compared with NC group (P<0.05, P<0.01). 24 h UP, KW/ BW and MDA were significantly lower in DM+MT group compared with DM group (P < 0.05); expression of p47phox, PKC-β and Ang mRNA were significantly decreased in DM+MT group compared with DM group (P<0.05), but the expression of p22phox mRNA in DM and DM+MT groups had no significant changes. Conclusion: MT may lower the oxidase stress on kidney tissues, inhibit the expression of PKC-β and Ang in the kidney, and decrease NADPH oxidase activity, excerting protective effect on the kidney of rats with diabetes mellitus.

Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Objective To study the relationship between type 1 and type 2 cytokines and human acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD).Methods In 20 patients undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT), plasma concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-2R (IL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-?) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results All the patients achieved engraftment. Eight cases deve- loped grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ aGVHD and 3 cases developed Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD. The concentrations of IL-18 and IL-2R in the patients with aGVHD were significantly higher than those without aGVHD. The levels of IL-18 were correlated with the severity of aGVHD; The levels of TNF-? showed no difference between the patients with or without aGVHD; The concentrations of IL-10 in the patients with aGVHD were significantly declined but in those without aGVHD were significantly increased.Conclusion Type 1 and type 2 cytokines play an important opposite role in development of aGVHD.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

As a member of tyrosine kinases(TK) family,Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) has an activity of intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase,which plays an essential role in the regulation of signal transduction in the cells.Due to the abnormal expression of EGFR-TK,the certain type cancers may developed and progressed.Based on that,the inhibitors of EGFR-TK could be effective medicines for the treatment of cancer.The EGFR-TK domain was amplified by RT-PCR with RNA of HUVCEs cells as the template and expressed in E.coliBL21(DE3) using plasmid pET30a as vector.The recombinant protein was purified with the affinity chromatography(Ni-NTA),which was identified to have kinase activity catalyzing the substrate phosphorylated with ATP in the enzymatic reaction.Using the recombinant EGFR-TK as target,the screening model for enzymatic inhibitors was constructed.

Objective To compare the effects on neurobiological factors of attributional retraining group therapy (ARGT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for major depressive disorder (MDD),anxiety disorder (AD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods Outpatients with MDD,AD and OCD were divided into ARGT group (n =63) and SSRI group (n =66) according to the sequence of entering the study.MDD,AD and OCD patients were respectively measured with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and after 8 weeks treatment.All subjects were detected of plasma serotonin,norepinephrine,cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone by radioimmunoassay before and after treatment.Results After treatment,HAMD scores of MDD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =18.411,P =0.000) and SSRI group (t =20.092,P =0.000) ; HAMA scores of GAD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =13.989,P=0.000) and SSRI group (t=15.815,P=0.000) ;Y-BOCS scores of OCD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =5.465,P =0.000)and SSRI group (t =4.792,P =0.000).In ARGT group,MDD (t =3.145,P =0.006),AD (t =2.785,P =0.012) and OCD patients (t =2.877,P =0.011) decreased plasma cortisol concentrations significantly.In SSRI group,MDD (t =-2.923,P =0.010) and OCD patients (t =-2.301,P =0.035) improved plasma serotonin significantly and MDD patients (t =-2.333,P =0.033) improved plasma norepinephrine significantly.Conclusion ARGT can modulate plasma cortisol level.SSRI can up-modulate plasma serotonin level.The two therapies take effect by different biological ways.

OBJECTIVETo analyze causes of missed diagnosis of hiding post-malleolar fractures in treating ankle joint fractures of pronation-external rotation type according to Lauge-Hansen classification and assess its medium-term outcomes.

METHODSAmong 103 patients with ankle joint fracture of pronation-external rotation type treated from March 2002 to June 2010,9 patients were missed diagnosis,including 6 males and 3 females,with a mean age of 35.2 years old (ranged, 18 to 55 years old) . Four patients were diagnosed during operation, 2 patients were diagnosed 2 or 3 days after first surgery and 3 patients came from other hospital. All the patients were treated remedially with lag screws and lock plates internal fixation. After operation,ankle joint function was evaluated according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS).

RESULTSAll the 9 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 14 to 30 months (averaged, 17 months). No incision infection was found, and all incision healed at the first stage. At the latest follow-up, AOFAS was 83.0 +/- 4.4, the score of 4 patients diagnosed during operation was 85.0 +/- 2.9, and the score of 5 patients treated by secondary operation was 81.0 +/- 5.3. All the patients got fracture union observed by X-ray at a mean time of 2.2 months after operation. There were no complications such as internal fixation loosing, broken and vascular or nerve injuries.

CONCLUSIONAnkle joint fracture of pronation-external rotation type may be combined with hiding post-malleolar fractures. So to patients with ankle joint fracture of pronation-external rotation type, lateral X-ray should be read carefully, and if necessary, CT or MRI examination should be performed. If adding lateral X-ray examination after reduction of exterior and interior ankle joint fixation, the missed diagnosis may be avoided.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pronation ; Rotation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Aim To investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin(ISL) on cognition dysfunction and brain energy metabolism following repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice.Methods Mouse models of learning and memory deficits were made by repeated occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and reperfusion. Step-down test and Y-maze task were used to examine the learning and memory abilities of mice. The brain energy state was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatogra phy. Results ISL 10, 20 and 40 mg?kg -1 ig reduced the n umber of errors and extended the latency of memory in step-down test, decreased the number of cumulated stimulation and increased the number of right choices i n Y-maze task. ISL(10, 20, 40 mg?kg -1) increased the levels of ATP, ener gy charge (EC) and total adenine nucleotides(TAN) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The results suggest that ISL improves cognition dysfun ction induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice, which may be r elated to the improvement of brain energy metabolism.

Objective To explore the causes of subclinical hypothyrodism in children and the effects of the interventional therapy with thyroixine on the course of it.Methods Two hundreds children with subclinical hypothyroidism were measured for thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb),thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb) in the blood serum,examined by colord Dopplor ultrasonic,examined by fine needle aspiraton cytology of the throid and measured the rate of 131I absorbed by thyroid in order to find out the causes of the disease.Two hundreds cases were randomly divided into two groups on the base of the cause of diseases,treatment group 100 cases and control group 100 cases.The treatment group were treated by throxine 25-75 ?g/d and the therapeutic dosage were chosen with the normal value of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4)and high sensitive thyrotropin(sTSH) in the blood serum .After one year thyroxine therapy were stopped.Thyroid function was examined 6 months later after stopping the thyroxine.Results Among all of the causes of subclinical hypothyroidism in children,Hasgumoto′s thyroiditis accounts for 56%,simple goiter accounts for 26%,antithyroid drug accounts for 6%,the lack of thyroxine substitution therapy on the hypothyroidism accounts for 5% and undefined causes accounts for 7% .The thyroid function could keep normal for 1 year with an alternative therapy with thyroxine on subclinical hypothyroidism in children.Half a year later after stopping thyroxine,the thyroid function turned normal in most of the children.There were obvious differences in the ratio of cure and the ratio of effectiveness between treatment group and control group (t=20.2,3.2 Pa