OBJECTIVE:To investigate the content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed product in order to study the effect of different processing method on the content of total sugar and polysaccharide.METHODS:UV spectrophotometer was adopted to determine absorbance after the sulfuric acid-phenol coloration.The detection wavelength was set at 491 nm.RESULTS:The descending order of the content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed product were as follow:prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei(steaming),prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei(processing with wine),Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with wine,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with vinegar and charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.CONCLUSION:The content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei processed with different processing method were strikingly different from that of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.The content of total sugar and polysaccharide in prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei were increased significantly while that of prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with wine,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with vinegar and charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei were decreased to some extent.

Unlike conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is an emerging tumor-ablative radiation technology with a high-dose delivery to targets while dramatically sparing adjacent normal tissues. The strengths of SRT involve noninvasive and short-course treatment, high rates of tumor local control with a low risk of side effects. Although the scientific concepts of radiobiology fail to be totally understood currently, SRT has shown its potential and advantages against various tumors, especially for those adjacent to less tolerable normal organs (spinal cord, optic nerve, bowels, etc.). Nowadays, the clinical efficacy of SRT has been widely confirmed in certain patients, especially for those medically inoperable, unwilling to undergo surgery, medicine ineffective with tumor progression. Moreover, SRT could be properly used as palliative treatment aiming at relieving local symptoms and pain, and eventually achieving a potential survival benefit of several months. However, the weaknesses of SRT relate to inevitable radiation-induced toxicities as well as the inaccessibility of prophylactic irradiation. In general, one flaw cannot obscure the splendor of the jade. The emergence and development of SRT has opened the new era of precision radiation therapy, and SRT will probably step gloriously onto the remarkable stage for precision medicine.
Humans ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Precision Medicine ; Radiosurgery

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation assisted in tooth extraction in elderly outpatients.Methods Sixty elderly patients who need tooth extraction were divided into two groups,with 30 patients in each group.The groupⅠwas treated with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation,and the groupⅡwas treated with intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation.Recording those signs basis val-ue(T0 ),during the injection(T1 ),during the extraction(T2 ),10 min after extraction(T3 ):vital signs,Ramsay sedation score,anxie-ty score,VAS pain score and patients′degree of satisfaction.Results In groupⅡ,patients′degree of satisfaction were significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05)after operation.The VAS pain scores and anxiety scores of groupⅡwere significantly lower than groupⅠ in T1 and T2 (P<0.05).In T2 ,group Ⅱ had lower heart rates (P<0.05).In T2 ,Ramsay score of group Ⅱ was higher than group Ⅰ(P<0.01).Conclusion Intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation can be a safe and effective anesthetic method in tooth extraction of elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and their relationship with mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Methods:A thorough literature review was conducted about peer-reviewed publications including cohort study, cross-sectional research, and case series on HIV/2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) coinfection from January to August 2020. Systemic review and meta-analysis were used to investigate the correlation between mortality and clinical features including age, comorbidities, CD4 + T lymphocyte count, HIV RNA level, and anti-retroviral therapy. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results:Twenty-four articles were included with a total of 939 HIV/2019-nCoV coinfected patients. Overall mortality was 10.3% (97/939). Advanced age and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma and tumor were all significantly associated with mortality (95% confidence interval 0.005-0.050, 0.042-2.294, 0.390-2.754, 0.513-2.848, 0.348-3.743 and 1.943-7.101, respectively, P=0.021, 0.043, 0.012, 0.008, 0.022 and 0.005, respectively). There were no correlations between mortality and CD4 + T lymphocyte count <200/μL or >500/μL, HIV RNA was below the lower limit of detection, or anti-retroviral drug (including tenofovir) (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The overall prognosis of COVID-19 in people living with HIV is similar to general population. Increased mortality correlates with advanced age and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma and tumor. Low CD4 + T lymphocyte count does not affect mortality. Preliminary results indicate that anti-retroviral drugs have no protective effect on COVID-19.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of GM1 ganglioside treatment for persons with Parkinson's disease.Methods33 Parkinson's disease patients with a fluctuating response to levodopa received 100 mg GM1 ganglioside (used as add-on agent to the previous medication regimen) daily. Unified Parkinson's disease Rating scale (UPDRS) motor score and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score were measure before and 2, 3 or 4 weeks after treatment. The side-effect of GM1 during treatment were observed. ResultsAfter 2, 3, 4 weeks of treatment, There was significant improvement in patients with GM1 treament on the UPDRS motor scores were (23.5±8.9), (22.8±8.3) and (22.5±9.1) respectively, which was improved compared with that before (36.7±10.2) (P<0.01). The ADL portion of the UPDRS at these time were (21.4±10.9), (20.3±9.5) and (20.6±10.2) respectively, also showed significant improvement compared with the baseline (30.5±12.1) (P<0.01). However, there was no significant differece between the scores that measured at the time spots 2 weeks after treatment.No side-effect had been observed.ConclusionGM1 ganglioside can improve neurologic function significantly in PD patients with fluctuating response to levodopa.

Objective To ascertain serum inflammatory markers could be modified following treatment of periodontal disease in elderly patients. Methods The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (AL), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. And then fifty-two elderly periodontitis patients underwent a standard phase of non-surgical periodontitis treatment (consisting of oral hygiene instructions and subgingival scaling and root planning). After three and six months, PD, AL, CRP and IL-6 were determined again and compared to the baseline. Results Six months after treatment, significant reductions in PD [(5.9±1.1) mm vs. (6.8±1.0) mm, P＜0.05], AL [(1.3±0.9) mm vs.(8.4±1.1) mm, P＜0.05], CRP [(1.5±0.2) mg/L vs. (2.0±0.3) mg/L, P＜0.01] and IL-6 [(1.6±0.5) ng/L vs. (1.9±0.4) ng/L, P＜0.05] were observed. Conclusions Treatment of chronic periodontitis can decrease the levels of serum inflammatory markers in elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the comprehensive experiment in fundamental nursing by using the indicator system and analyze the teaching effect.Methods 450 nursing graduates of grade 2011 were divided into 56 groups and comprehensive experiments were graded by using the indicator system in each group.Results The four indexes in level one scored (18.08±1.50),(19.99±2.31),(28.18±3.35),(18.16±1.73) points and accounted for 90％ 、80％ 、81％、91％ respectively.The total points' scorings and proportions were (84.41±5.84) points and 84％ respectively.Some deficiencies were found to be improved during evaluation.Conclusions Nursing comprehensive experiment evaluation indicator system can assess comprehensive experiments well,and the related competencies of nursing graduates need to be improved.

Objective:Surgery intervention and its effect on pregnancy heart disease were explored. Meth-ods:Retrospective review of 34 cases of pregnancy heart disease who needed surgery intervention from Jan, 2000 to Dec,2007 was done. Results:17 patients had percutaneous balloon mitral valve (PBMV) dilatation, the area of mitral valve enlarged markedly postoperatively ( P <0.01 ). 9 patients had open chest surgery un-der extracorpory circulation,7 of them had re-replacement mechanical valve due to mechanical valve throm-bosis. One patient had left atrium mucomamectomy. One patient had Wad's sinus breakout and repairmen. 5 patients had Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for supraventricular tachycardia. 3 patients had int-racardiac device (ICD) for Ⅲ grade atrioventicular block. 22 patients had cardiac function as grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ and postoperatively recovered to grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ . All 34 patients were alive after treatment, 23 fetus were alive (67.6%), and no adverse results were found during the follow-up. Conclusions:When patients who had pregnancy heart disease need surgery intervention, individualized treatment plan should be made by multidis-cipline experienced doctors according to different heart disease and cardiac function.

Based on the realistic circumstances at home and successful experiences from abroad,this paper holds the idea to introduce medical liability insurance into medical market to relieve the currently tense physician-patient conflict and analyzes the role and function of medical liability insurance.Meanwhile,some problems and countermeasures are also explained in the functioning process of medical liability insurance.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments with different water bath time and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the feldspathic porcelain surfaces.Methods:Four surface conditioned methods were applied on 128 disc-shaped porcelain specimens.Metal or ceramic brackets were bonded onto each treated porcelain disc with light-cured resin.The samples were randomly assigned and bathed in 37 ℃ water 1 day or 7 days respectively,and thermocycled 500 times from 5 ℃ to 55 ℃.The shearing strengths were measured and bond failure sites were classified according to the adhesive remnant index system.The treated porcelain surfaces were examined with scanning electronic microscopy.Results:Almost the same effects of the four conditionings on the two types of brackets were obtained.All groups achieved adequate bond strengths to withstand the application of orthodontic forces.Conclusion:The optimal method for orthodontic brackets bonding to feldspathic porcelain is to apply orthophosphoric acid combined with silane.