Objective:To compare the effect of intraoral and extraoral approach for the sugical treatment of mandibular cysts in the angle and ramus. Methods:Cysts in the mandibular angle and ramus were treated by intraoral approach in 57 cases and extraoral in 18 cases. The following data were collected: operation time, peroperative blood loss, postoperative infection, mouth opening, recurrence rate, injury of the submandibular branch of the facial nerve and sensory function of the inferior alveolar nerve. The data of the two groups were compared statistically. Results:Average operation time (min) of intraoral and extraoral appoarch was 84.65?5.16 and 122.78?10.84(P0.05). Conclusion:Intraoral approach is effective in the treatment of cyst in mandibular angle and ramus.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of heart fat acid binding protein (h‐FABP) in myocardial damage of children with hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) .Methods From February 2012 to December 2014 ,100 children with HFMD were chosen as study objects .All children study were divided into 2 sub‐groups according to the severity of disease:71 in ordinary HFMD sub‐group ,29 in severe HFMD sub‐group .At the same time ,100 healthy children were chosen as control group .The routine blood test , rate of abnormal electrocardiography ,rate of abnormal cTnI and rate of abnormal h‐FABP were compared among all children .The cTnI and h‐FABP at different time were compared between ordinary HFMD sub‐group and severe HFMD sub‐group .Results The WBC ,RBC and L had significant difference among different groups/sub‐groups(P<0 .05) ,the difference of PLT had no statistical significance(P>0 .05) .In ordinary HFMD sub‐group ,rate of abnormal electrocardiography was 19 .72% (14/71) ,rate of abnormal cTnI was 4 .23% (3/71)and rate of abnormal h‐FABP was16 .39% (10/71);in severe HFMD group ,rate of abnormal electrocardio‐graphy was 72 .41% (21/29) ,rate of abnormal cTnI was 82 .76% (23/29) and rate of abnormal h‐FABP was 82 .96% (23/29);in control group ,rate of abnormal electrocardiography was 1 .00% (1/100) ,rate of abnormal cTnI was 2 .00% (2/100)and rate of ab‐normal h‐FABP was 0 .00% (0/100) ,the difference had statistical significance(P<0 .05) .The cTnI and h‐FABP at different time had significant difference between ordinary HFMD sub‐group and severe HFMD sub‐group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Heart fat acid binding protein (h‐FABP) can reflect the early myocardial damage in children with hand‐foot‐mouth disease .

Ferulof en ( FL, 45mg and 200mg/kg im ) showed marked antipyretic effect on rabbit fever induced by typho-paratyhoid vaccine and on rat fever induced by yeast powder suspension respectively. Their potency and action phase were similar to those of aspirin ( 35mg and 100mg/kg) . Furthermore, it blocked the action potential of sciatic nerve in toad to some extent and had a certain local anesthetic effect on guinea pigs in intradermic wheal test, but much weaker than procaine and lidocaine at the same concentration. It had no obvious influence on corneal reflex in rabbits.It can be concluded from these findings that together with the results of previous paper the findings of this paper further indicated FL may be proved to be a new antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic drug.

In order to understand the management measures,technique abilities and difficulties in controlling and eradicating avian diseases in parent breeding flocks,the current situation of avian disease eradication in breeding flocks was investigated by China Animal Disease Control Centre in 19 provinces in July 2015.Questionnaires investigation was conducted and the feedbacks were received from 214 parent breeding flocks.This study summarized and analyzed the information of farm management,breeding resources,avian disease surveillance and disease eradication in these flocks,which will provide the basic data to promote the avian diseases control and eradication in China.

Objective:To investigate the defect types and reconstruction methods of maxillary defects. Methods:The database of 1 107 cases with maxillary defects in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1985 to December 2010 was established. There construction methods were re-viewed. The defect types were classified according to Brown classification system. Results: In the 1 107 cases, 1 104 cases could be classified according to Brown classification system. The most common type was 2a with 559 cases (50. 6%). Among all the 1 107 cases, 349 cases were reconstructed with auto-transplantation, 443 cases with prosthesis, 107 cases untreated, and 208 patients lost to the follow-up. There was a significant growing trend over time for the application of free flaps and a downward trend of prosthesis. The most popular free flaps were fibular flap (88 cases) and radial forearm flap (75 cases) . Rectus abdominis flap and anterolatreal thigh flap were fit for extensive maxillary defects. Conclusion:The most common defect type is 2a. Free flap has become the dominant option for maxillary reconstruc-tion. Free flaps could be selected according to the maxillary defect types.

Objective:To understand the clinical features of osteonecrosis of the jaw after bisphospho-nates use for therapy of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.Methods:The cases diagnosed as bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ)were retrospectively analyzed from January 201 1 to August 201 5 in the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,and those breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were selected.The clinical symptoms,imaging characteristics and treatment results were summarized.Results:A total of 1 4 cases of breast cancer patients with bone me-tastasis were selected,with an average age of 60.21 years.The average time of suffering from breast cancer was 9 .77 years,and the average time of bone metastasis and bisphosphonates drugs use was 5 .67 and 3 .29 years individually.There was no patient with systemic application history of hormone therapy, and no history of diabetes.There were 9 patients with tooth extractions history,and the mean time of bone necrosis symptoms was 8.58 months.There were 1 0 cases with bone necrosis occurring on mandi-ble,3 cases on maxilla,and one case with both upper and lower jaws involved.Among the 1 0 patients with surgical treatment,there were 3 cases cured,and 6 cases improved.However,the clinical symp-toms of 2 cases with conservative treatment were significantly aggravated.Conclusion:The medication time between the bisphosphonates use beginning and the occurrence of BRONJ is relatively long.The his-tory of diabetes and long-time hormone use did not exist in this group.Tooth extraction itself does not de-termine the severity of BRONJ.Mandible is the most common site involved by BRONJ.Surgical treatment can alleviate the clinical symptoms of BRONJ with breast cancer to some extent.

Objective To elucidate the correlation between the enhancement degree of renal clearcell carcinoma (RCC) on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and multiple vascular morphometric characteristics including microvessels and mature vessels.Methods A retrospective review was carried out on the records of 37 patients pathologically diagnosed with RCC who underwent plain and triphasic contrast-enhanced CT.The absolute (enhancement attenuation-pre-enhancement attenuation) and relative(absolute enhancement value÷cortex enhancement attenuation) enhancement values of RCC were measured in arterial,venous and delayed phases.And all lesions were divided into hypervascular and hypovascular groups.The number,mean area,perimeter and diameter,shape factor (4π*area/perimeter2) and the total area of microvessels and mature vessels were obtained by CD34 or a-SMA immunohistochemical staining.Then the correlation of radiographic parameters and various vascular morphometric parameters were analyzed.Results In arterial,venous and delayed phases,the absolute enhancement values were positively correlated with the number and the total area of microvessels and mature vessels (P<0.05),meanwhile the relative enhancement values were positively correlated with the number of microvessels and mature vessels(P<0.05).In venous and delayed phases,there were negative correlations of the relative enhancement values with mean area,perimeter and diameter of mature vessels(P<0.05).However, no correlations were found between other enhancement and vascular parameters (P>0.05).In addition, the significant differences in the number of microvessels and mature vessels between hypervascular and hypovascular groups were found (P<0.05).Conclusion CT enhancement degrees of RCC are related to multiple vascular morphometric indicators,which gives us more insights in the mechanism of RCC enhancement on CT.

Objective To investigate whether the surgery resorting to computer-assisted navigation system (CANS) can enhance effects in managing unilateral old zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture in comparison with conventional surgery.Methods Twenty-four patients with unilateral old ZMC fracture for which surgical correction was wanted were divided into study group (n =12,treated with navigational surgery) and control group (n =12,treated with traditional surgery) in the 1 ∶ 1 matched case-control study.Therapeutic effects of CANS were evaluated by postoperative CT measurement,subjective satisfaction questionnaire and clinical examination.Results According to postoperative three-dimensional CT measurement,the mean projection and width differentials of bilateral zygomatic bones were 1.58 mm and 1.47 mm in study group,3.58 mm and 3.63 mm in control group,with significant differences between groups.No complications occurred within three months of follow-up.Moreover,the patients in study group were all satisfied with the treatment,but two patients in control group desired further surgery to ameliorate zygomatic shape.Conclusion Surgery with application of CANS improves efficacy of treatment for unilateral old ZMC fracture.

Objective To quantify dose variations of the parotid glands and spinal cord in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients during helical tomotherapy (HT) by using megavolt (MV) CT and planned adaptive application. Methods Five patients with advanced local-regional NPC were treated by HT with a prescription dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions in primary tumor and involved lymph nodes. Daily MV CT scans were registered with the planning CT images. The parotid glands were re-contoured every 4 fractions to a total of 45 times, and location of the spinal cord were corrected by MVCT IGRT system every 2 fractions to a total of 85 times. The actual doses delivered to these organs were evaluated by using the planned adaptive application software of HT system. Results At the end of therapy, the mean volume of the parotid gland was decreased by 42% (left) and 33% (right) , respectively. The average V1 of the parotid was increased by 26. 0% (left) and 31.4% (right), and the D50 increased by 15. 8% (left) and 17. 3% (right), respectively. The average Dmax of the spinal cord was increased by 1.3%. Conclusions During HT, the parotid glands receive a higher actual dose due to the volume shrinkage, while the Dmax of the spinal cord changes little. By using adaptive radiation therapy technique, constant monitoring anatomic changes of organs at risk and selective replanning are necessary during radiation therapy for NPC.

Objective To investigate the plan quality between two treatment planning systems (TPSs) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods VMAT plans based on Varian Eclipse and Philips Pinnacle TPS were designed for 10 cervical cancer patients (2, 3 Arcs) and 10 prostate cancer patients ( 1, 2 Arcs) . The delivery system of VMAT was Varian ClinaciX machine, and RapidArc was used. The treatment plan quality between the two TPSs was evaluated based on dose distribution, delivery efficiency, and parameter settings. The differences between the two TPSs were compared using paired t-test. Results For cervical cancer patients, the 2-Arc VMAT plans based on the Pinnacle was slightly better than those based on the Eclipse in terms of the conformal index ( CI) of planning target volume ( PTV) , rectum V30 and V40 , and bladder V30 and V40 , and the homogeneity index ( HI) of PTV and PTV1 as well as CI of PTV1 in the Eclips were slightly better than those in the Pinnacle( P<005) Pinnacle were slightly worse than those in the Eclipse ( P>005) . The number of monitor units with 2-Arcs and 3-Arcs plans of the Eclipse was significantly smaller than those in the Pinnacle (P<005). For prostate cancer patients, The 1-arc VMAT plans of the Pinnacle TPS were slightly superior to those of the Eclipse TPS in terms of the HI of PTV, rectumV30 and V40 , and bladderV30 and V40 , but the former was slight inferior to the latter in terms of the CI of PTV (P<005). The number of monitor units of 1-arc and 2-Arcs plans showed no significant difference between the two TPSs (P>005). Conclusions For patients with cervical cancer and prostate cancer, the VMAT plans based on Varian Eclipse and Philips Pinnacle TPS can achieve a clinically acceptable dose distribution and show a little difference in the treatment plan quality. However, we will still need more cases to further study and determine the performance characteristics of the commercial TPSs for optimizing VMAT.