In 2008,the Ministry of Health,UNAIDS and the World Health Organization held a press conference,stating that sexual transmission had become a major route of transmission in China.Epidemiological research has shown that circumcision can be efficacious for males in reducing their risk of HIV acquisition via heterosexual activity.This article analyzes male circumcision as a HIV/AIDS prevention strategy from medical,public health and ethical perspectives.

Objective To investigate the correlation between Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV) and H.pylori (Hp) infection and gastric cancer. Methods The EBV infection was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridiza-tion (ISH) in 100 samples of gastric cancer tissue and 82 samples of gastritis tissue. The Hp infection was detected by PCR. The correlation between EBV and Hp infection and clinical and pathological features was analyzed in patients with gastric cancer. Results The positive rates of EBV and Hp were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in gastritis tissues (9.0%vs 0 and 56.0%vs 40.2%, P＜0.05). There was significantly higher infection rate in EBV in cardia gastric can-cer than that of gastric cancer (16.3%vs 2.0%,P＜0.05). There were significantly higher infection rates in EBV and Hp in poorly differentiated carcinoma than those of well-differentiated carcinoma (15.7%vs 2.0%and 66.7%vs 44.9%, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in EBV and Hp infection between gender, age, nationality and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Hp infection between different parts of gastric cancer. There was no correla-tion between EBV and Hp infection in gastric cancer tissues (r=0.137, P>0.05). Conclusion EBV and Hp infection are two independent factors in the development of gastric cancer, and both of them are associated with the malignant evolution of gastric cancer.

Objectives To explore the effects of hyperosmosis of sea water and low temperature on hemorrhage and coagulation sys- tem of dogs after open abdominal injury followed by sea water immersion,and to observe the efficiency of plasma in addition to routine first aid,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the early treatment of open abdominal wound in naval warfare.Methods 24 dogs with open in- jury of the abdomen were randomly divided to three groups with 8 animals for each group.The dogs in control group were not subjected to sea water immersion and received routine treatments;dogs in conventional therapy group were immersed in sea water and then given the routine first aid;dogs in plasma group were immersed with aqua marina and then given a combined treatment of routine first aid plus an in- fusion of plasma.The following parameters were measured and recorded:survival time,body temperature,mean arterial blood pressure, osmotic pressure of plasma,prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,d-dimer and factorⅡ.Results Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged,D-Dipolymer increased and factorⅡdecreased after sea immersion with open abdominal wound.The survival time of dogs in plasma group(45.6?12.5h)was significantly longer than that of dogs in both control and conven- tional therapy groups(P

Objective To design a hospital broadcast system with infrared remote control using phonetic chip ISD4004.Methods The author used AT89S52 and infrared remote control module to achieve speech recording and playing in hospital.After simply analyzing ISD4004 working-principle,the author designed the software and hardware modules,and realized a digital voice storage and playback.Results The hospital broadcast system was built based on ISD4004 voice chip and infrared remote control.Conclusion The system provides a low-cost and high-performance hospital automatic broadcast solution and realizes intelligent and automation broadcast.

Objective To design a new multilevel distributed community-oriented health monitoring based on two serial ports MCU of W77E58.Methods Multi-machine serial communication with high-performance and full-duplex was realized by using the standard RS422 serial interface,which involved several parts in,such as detection and processing module of physiological parameters,communication module and display processing module of the host computer.With the different functional modules and software and hardware connection,multilevel distributed health monitoring was realized.Results RS422,being a simple,easy to control and low-cost communication mode,implemented the communication between these modules.Finally,the distributed measurement & control system with one PC and several MCU systems was implemented.Conclusion A low-cost,high-performance community-oriented health monitoring solution was realized,which can be easily applied to mobile monitoring at home.

Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To observe the influence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on the expression of alpha-amino hydroxymethyl-oxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors GluR1 and GluR2 in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) so as to investigate the potential anti- chronic stress mechanism of BMSCs transplantation in treatment of rats with spinal cord injury.Methods A total of 48 adult male SD rats were equally divided into three groups:control group,treatment group and model group.The rats in the model and treatment group underwent lower thoracic SCI with the modified Allen' s method,and the rats in control group received only laminectomy.At day 7 after thoracic SCI,100 μl of Hank's buffered saline solution containing 1.0 × 106 BMSCs was injected into the subarachnoid space from L4-L5 intervertebral space in the treatment group and control group,and the same amount of Hank' s buffered saline solution was injected in the model group.The motor function of the rat posterior limbs was assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale before and after operation.Half of the rats were anesthetized at days 14 and 28 postoperatively to harvest brains which were frozen and cut in a cryostat to detect the expressions of GluR1 and GluR2 proteins by immunohistochemistry.Results After BMSCs transplantation,the motor function of the posterior limbs in the treatment group was improved progressively.At day 14 after transplantation,the number of GluR1-positive cells of the model and treatment group was higher than that of the control group in the hippocampus CA1 region (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01 respectively) ; GluR2-positive cells had the similar tendency,without significant difference(P ＞ 0.05 ).At the 28th day after transplantation,GluR1 positive cells of the model group were higher than those of the control group in CA1,CA3,DG regions and those of the treatment group in CA1,CA3 regions (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively) ; GluR1 positive cells of the model and treatment group were higher than their counterpart at day 14 after grafting procedure,with significant difference (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively).GluR2 positive cells of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group in the basolateral amygdale (BLA) (P ＜0.05 ) and had similar tendency with GluR1 expression in other regions ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion BMSCs transplantation implies a potential antichronic stress mechanism of SCI rats,since it can improve the motor function of posterior limbs in rats with lower thoracic SCI and regulate the expressions of AMPA receptor GluR1 and GluR2.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and its characteristics in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases, and provide reference for the clinical decisions. Methods All patients who were hospitalized in department of cardiovascular medicine from January to June in 2007 were invited to participate in the current study. A total of 317 hospitalized elderly patients were recruited into this study. All participants were assessed by portable bedside nocturnal polysomnograph and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results Among 317 patients, 281 cases (88.6%) met the criterion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [apnea and hypopnea index (AHI)≥5] and 47 cases (14.8%) met the criteria of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (AHI≥5 and ESS≥9). When the severity of OSA (as indicated by AHI) was considered as a dependent variable, multiple regression analysis indicated that it was significantly associated with minimal SaO2 and the oxygen desaturation index, while age, habitual snoring, ESS, BMI, mean SaO2 and the duration of SaO2≤ 90% did not show significant effects on the severity of OSA. Conclusions High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (with daytime sleepiness) is found in elderly hospitalized patients and the rate of obstructive sleep apnea is much higher in patients without daytime sleepiness symptoms. Minimal SaO2 and the oxygen desaturation index are the important predicting factors for the severity of OSA, while age, BMI, habitual snoring, sleepiness are not correlated with the severity of OSA after adjusting minimal SaO2 and oxygen desaturation index.

Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.

There were some shortcomings for traditional teaching mode of nutrition and food hygiene course, such as many teaching contents and little teaching time, students much passively learning and little active learning. We explored the combination of the WeChat and the TBL teaching to conduct the flipped classroom to solve the deficiency. The teaching pattern was conducted in 60 students majoring in preventive medicine from Grade 2012. The learning task of nutrition and food hygiene was released on the WeChat before the class. Students learned knowledge in the form of discussion based on case in the class. After the class, the discussion, answer the question and test were conducted on the WeChat. The survey showed that 85% of the students were satisfied with teaching pattern,especially satisfied with its role of broadening students' knowledge and vision, improving their autonomous learning ability, teamwork ability, and their ability to analyze and solve problems.