No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A*

BACKGROUND: The recovery of spontaneous ventilation is delayed in elderly patients in whom muscle relaxants has been administered for general anesthesia. We evaluated the appropriateness of microscopic cataract surgery without using muscle relaxants in elderly patients. METHODS: Forty two ASA physical status I and II patients for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg, fentanyl 2 mcg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg were administered intravenously followed by vecuronium 1 mg/kg iv in group I and 10% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg spray into oropharynx in group II. Laryngeal mask (LMA) was inserted for airway management and anesthesia was maintained by only propofol infusion in both groups. Whether the patient moved during the surgery, whether ephedrine was administered and the propofol infusion rate were recorded. RESULTS: Six patients of group I and 1 patient of group II were moved during surgery. Only in group II, 7 patients received intravenously ephedrine administration. Mean infusion rate of propofol was 0.114 mg/kg/min in group I and 0.159 mg/kg/min in group II. CONCLUSION: In general anesthesia for microscopic cataract surgery, the combination of fentanyl 2 mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and infusion, 10% lidocaine spray and laryngeal mask without muscle relaxants is a good alternate method of keeping airway.
Aged ; Airway Management ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Cataract* ; Ephedrine ; Fentanyl ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Laryngeal Masks ; Lidocaine ; Oropharynx ; Propofol ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: The recovery of spontaneous ventilation is delayed in elderly patients in whom muscle relaxants has been administered for general anesthesia. We evaluated the appropriateness of microscopic cataract surgery without using muscle relaxants in elderly patients. METHODS: Forty two ASA physical status I and II patients for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg, fentanyl 2 mcg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg were administered intravenously followed by vecuronium 1 mg/kg iv in group I and 10% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg spray into oropharynx in group II. Laryngeal mask (LMA) was inserted for airway management and anesthesia was maintained by only propofol infusion in both groups. Whether the patient moved during the surgery, whether ephedrine was administered and the propofol infusion rate were recorded. RESULTS: Six patients of group I and 1 patient of group II were moved during surgery. Only in group II, 7 patients received intravenously ephedrine administration. Mean infusion rate of propofol was 0.114 mg/kg/min in group I and 0.159 mg/kg/min in group II. CONCLUSION: In general anesthesia for microscopic cataract surgery, the combination of fentanyl 2 mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and infusion, 10% lidocaine spray and laryngeal mask without muscle relaxants is a good alternate method of keeping airway.
Aged ; Airway Management ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Cataract* ; Ephedrine ; Fentanyl ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Laryngeal Masks ; Lidocaine ; Oropharynx ; Propofol ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is one of the most common causes of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Teriparatide, a recombinant human parathyroid hormone, is the first anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 months of teriparatide could be effective for patients with osteoporotic VCF at the thoracolumbar spine. METHODS: We reviewed 25 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures between July 2012 and October 2016 who could be followed up for more than 1 year. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the use of teriparatide: 14 patients received teriparatide through subcutaneous injection (group I) and 11 patients did not receive teriparatide (group II). Demographic data, bone mineral density, hospitalization period, changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, body mass index, and medical history such as smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and steroid usage were reviewed. Radiographs were also reviewed to evaluate vertebral body compression percentages and kyphotic angles. RESULTS: Overall changes of VAS score between injury and follow-up were statistically improved in both groups at 2 to 3 weeks post-injury. However, difference in VAS improvement at a specific time between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Overall kyphotic angle and compression percentage between injury and follow-up time were increased in group II than those in group I, although the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Three-month of teriparatide did not show protective effects on progression of fractured vertebral body collapse or kyphotic changes in patients with osteoporosis.
Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spine ; Teriparatide ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; Treatment Outcome

Vertebral artery injury is a rare complication of anterior cervical approach. We report two patients who suffered injury to vertebral artery during anterior cervical spine surgery. The mechanism of injury, their operative management, and the subsequent outcome were assessed and relevant literatures reviewed. The awareness of the possibility of vertebral artery injury is most important to prevent and it's occurrence is best avoided by a thorough understanding of the anatomical relationships of the artery, the spinal canal, and the vertebral body and careful use of surgical instruments.
Arteries ; Humans ; Spinal Canal ; Spine* ; Surgical Instruments ; Vertebral Artery*

OBJECTIVE: We introduce innovative method of cervical column reconstruction and performed the reconstruction with a flanged titanium mesh cage (TMC) instead of a plate after anterior corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).METHODS: Fifty patients with CSM or OPLL who underwent anterior cervical reconstruction with a flanged TMC were investigated retrospectively. Odom’s criteria were used to assess the clinical outcomes. The radiographic evaluation included TMC subsidence, fusion status, and interbody height. Thirty-eight patients underwent single-level and 12 patients underwent two-level corpectomy with a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months.RESULTS: In all, 19 patients (38%) had excellent outcomes and 25 patients (50%) had good outcomes. Two patients (4%) in whom C5 palsy occurred were categorized as poor. The fusion rate at the last follow-up was 98%, and the severe subsidence rate was 34%. No differences in subsidence were observed among Odom’s criteria or between the single-level and two-level corpectomy groups.CONCLUSION: The satisfactory outcomes in this study indicate that the flanged TMC is an effective graft for cervical reconstruction.
Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Methods ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spondylosis ; Titanium ; Transplants

The intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia is often associated with profound, protracted neutropenia and increases the risk of serious infections. In general, the duration of neutropenic period correlates with the increased risk of fungal infection and multiple hepatosplenic microabscesses following neutropenic periods has been one of the major problems in patients with acute leukemia, often attributed to fungal infections such as hepatosplenic candidiasis or disseminated candidiasis. But recently we experienced two cases of hepatosplenic tuberculosis in patients with acute leukemia during or after chemotherapy following prolonged neutropenia. Tuberculosis should be considered as one of causes of hepatosplenic abscesses during prolonged neutropenia, especially in countries, where the disease is endemic.
Abscess ; Candidiasis* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Liver ; Neutropenia ; Spleen ; Tuberculosis*

Purpose: Effectiveness and safety of clofarabine (one of the treatment mainstays in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]) was assessed in Korean pediatric patients with ALL to facilitate conditional coverage with evidence development. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, patients receiving clofarabine as mono/combination therapy were followed up every 4-6 weeks for 6 months or until hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Response rates, survival outcomes, and adverse events were assessed. Results: Sixty patients (2-26 years old; 65% B-cell ALL, received prior ≥ 2 regimen, 68.3% refractory to previous regimen) were enrolled and treated with at least one dose of clofarabine; of whom 26 (43.3%) completed 6 months of follow-up after the last dose of clofarabine. Fifty-eight patients (96.7%) received clofarabine combination therapy. Overall remission rate (complete remission [CR] or CR without platelet recovery [CRp]) was 45.0% (27/60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32.4 to 57.6) and the overall response rate (CR, CRp, or partial remission [PR]) was 46.7% (28/60; 95% CI, 34.0 to 59.3), with 11 (18.3%), 16 (26.7%), and one (1.7%) patients achieving CR, CRp, and PR, respectively. The median time to remission was 5.1 weeks (95% CI, 4.7 to 6.1). Median duration of remission was 16.6 weeks (range, 2.0 to 167.6 weeks). Sixteen patients (26.7%) proceeded to HSCT. There were 24 deaths; 14 due to treatment-emergent adverse events. Conclusion Remission with clofarabine was observed in approximately half of the study patients who had overall expected safety profile; however, there was no favorable long-term survival outcome in this study.

PURPOSE: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for approximately 75% of all cases of childhood leukemia. We investigated epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features and treatment outcome of the children with ALL in Korea during recent 5 years. METHODS: One thousand forty nine patients were enrolled between January 1994 and December 1998 from 37 major hospitals in Korea. The data regarding the clinical and laboratory features including age, WBC counts at diagnosis, immunophenotype, morphology, cytogenetics and treatment outcome of patients were analyzed retrospectively by review of patient's medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed. The differences between groups analyzed by log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 597 males and 452 females. The distribution between the age 2 and 5 years is most common in 46.1%. The annual incidence rate per 100,000 population varied from 1.6 to 2.2. The 5 year event free survival (EFS) rates according to good prognostic factors were as follows: 67% bet ween 1-9 year of age at diagnosis, 69% in under 10,000/mm3of initial WBC count, 74% in early pre-B cell CALLA ( ) immunophenotype, 65% in L3 morphology, 68% in no CNS invasion. Most of patients were treated by CCG treatment protocol. The 5 year EFS was 63%. Main complications were sepsis (21.8%) and hemorrhage (12.5%). The relapse rate was 15.6%. The common causes of death were sepsis, DIC, pneumonia, relapse. CONCLUSION: Our results could provide the most recent and important information about acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children in Korea.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Clinical Protocols ; Cytogenetics ; Dacarbazine ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Korea* ; Leukemia ; Male ; Medical Records ; Pneumonia ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Treatment Outcome